09 Office Ergonomics Rev 0 KIPIC-HSESF-SYSOH-18-1603

DOCUMENT TITLE: OFFICE ERGONOMICS
DOCUMENT NO.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603
REVISION NO.: 0
ISSUE DATE: November 2018
LATEST REVISION DATE: November 2018
CONFIDENTIALITY
The information contained in this document is confidential to Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries
Company. Accordingly. copyright for this document is retained with KIPIC and no copying in any format
of this document is permitted without the written permission from KIPIC -Management.
Signature Date
VASUDEVA MENON
Industrial Hygiene Officer
Authors
JAMAL AL-SUWAILEM
Chief Industrial Hygienist
DHARI AL - GHARABALLI
Reviewer
Team Leader, HSE Systems
ABDULLAH M. AL - AWADHI
Approver Manager HSE, Security & Fire
Document Custodian: HSE, Security & Fire Group
Next Revision due: November 2021
Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Date of Issue: November 2018 Page 1 of 37 Next Review date: November 2021
Chemical Hazard Management
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KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603
OFFICE ERGONOMICS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This document is to establish guidelines and procedures for protection of KIPIC employees
and contractors from ergonomic hazards and to prevent the occurrence or aggravation of
musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
The major standards referred to include documents from KPC HSSEMS Standards, KEPA,
NIOSH, SHELL DEP, ISO Standards on Ergonomics.
This program applies to all offices of KIPIC including contractor offices within KIPIC and
all KIPIC Employees and contracted employees (Exclusions: - Industrial ergonomic issues:
Process Units / Warehouse / Laboratories, Workshops, Construction sites etc.)
Details of medical evaluation and case management for KIPIC employees and contractors
diagnosed with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is provided in the form
of primary, secondary and tertiary medical care.
The document provides detailed information on ergonomic risk assessments and control
measures.
The appendices provide checklists for evaluation of ergonomic hazards in offices.

Table of content
1.0 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION ................................................................... 5
2.0 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 5
3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Team Leader HSE Systems....................................................................................... 6
3.4 Managers & Team Leaders........................................................................................ 6
3.5 Employees ................................................................................................................. 7
3.6 Medical Team ............................................................................................................ 7
3.7 General Services / IT / Commercial Group ................................................................ 7
4.0 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 8
5.0 PROCEDURE .......................................................................................................... 11
5.1 Management of Ergonomics Hazards ...................................................................... 11
5.2 Employee Training Program .................................................................................... 11
5.3 Identification of Ergonomics Stressors and Risks. ................................................... 12
5.4 Development of Ergonomic Hazard Control Strategies ............................................ 12
5.5 Implementation and Evaluation of Hazard Control Strategies .................................. 13
5.6 Recordkeeping ......................................................................................................... 14
5.7. New Project Review – Ergonomic Assessments ...................................................... 14
5.8. Medical Management of MSD. ................................................................................. 14
5.9 Reporting of Incidents at Workplace ........................................................................ 15
Appendix – 1: Computer Workstation Ergonomics – General Guidelines ................. 16
Appendix – 2: Office Workplaces and Computer Workstation Ergonomics Checklist21
Appendix – 3: Identification of Ergonomic Stressors and Risks .................................. 25
Appendix – 4: Devlopment of Ergonomic Hazard Control Strategies ........................ 28
Appendix – 5: Medical Management ............................................................................... 30
Appendix – 6: Noise in the Indoor Environment ............................................................. 33
Appendix – 7: Illumination in the Indoor Environment ................................................. 34

1.0 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This process establishes the minimum requirements for an integrated, effective, and
sustainable process to protect KIPIC employees & contractors from the risk factors
associated with inadequate ergonomic conditions and practices in office premises. The
primary focus of the process is to prevent workplace conditions that contribute to work-
related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) through a systematic approach of proactive
and effective reduction of ergonomic risks in existing workstations / facilities and future
designs. The common goal is to reduce ergonomic risk factors to the lowest level possible
when technically and financially feasible. In addition, the process provides for a
comprehensive management process for those WMSDs that do occur.
This program applies to:

• All offices of KIPIC including contractor offices within KIPIC
• All KIPIC Employees and contracted employees
Exclusions: Industrial ergonomic issues. (Process units / Warehouse / Laboratories,
Workshops, Construction sites etc.)
2.0 REFERENCES
2.1 KPC HSSEMS Standards
• Occupational Health Management Technical Annexure – Occupational

Ergonomics (KPC- HSSE-E06-OH-SO2- TA-12)
2.2 Other References

• ISO Standards on Ergonomics
➢ ISO Standard 11226 : 2006 (Ergonomics – Evaluation of Static Working
Postures)
➢ (ISO Standard 26800 : 2011 (Ergonomics – General Approaches, Principles and
Concepts)
➢ ISO Standard 11228 - 1:2003 (Ergonomics – Manual Handling, Lifting and
Carrying)
• OSHA Ergonomics rule
• NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs, March 1997
• Kuwait Environment Public Authority
• Shell Design and Engineering Practices (DEPs)
3.0 RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 Top Management

• Establish a common goal and metrics for the ergonomic process.
• Commit adequate resources (staffing and funding) to support the process.
• Review and track progress to goal.
• Identify an Ergonomics Process Lead with adequate authority
3.2 Manager HSE S&F
• Ensure all applicable components of the process are implemented and sustained.
• Set up an ergonomics team to implement the process
• Track measures and progress to goal regularly.
• Report progress to top management
• Ensure process documentation is maintained and complete.
• Maintain records of annual program evaluation and review
3.3 Team Leader HSE Systems

• Publish and maintain an ergonomics process procedure, guidelines, and tools.
• Ensure rollout and support of site ergonomics process.
• Evaluate workstations and tasks for ergonomic risk factors.
• Rank and select risk factors to control.
• Confirm reduction of identified risk factors.
• Provide information and assistance to area employees and managers to address
risk factors.
• Maintain documentation of risk reduction activities and results.
• Monitor performance company-wide and report to Manager -HSE S&F.
• Ensure evaluations and audits of site process and monitor and address less than
adequate results.
• Deliver awareness training for employees.
• Maintain training records.
3.4 Managers & Team Leaders
• Ensure employees complete required training.
• Ensure ergonomic risk factors are reduced to an acceptable level when feasible.
• Lead injury / illness investigations, and ensure cause is identified and addressed.
• Where feasible, strive to ensure injured employees do not return to a given job
until the causative factors are identified and controlled.
• Reinforce safe work practices.
• Demonstrate safe work practices.
3.5 Employees
• Complete required training.
• Identify and adjust equipment and work practices to reduce risk factors.
• Report issues to supervisor / management when unable to control risk factor.
• Report symptoms of injury / illness and concerns when first noted.
• Participate in incident investigation.
• Use ergonomic equipment provided.
• Demonstrate safe work practices.
3.6 Medical Team
• Serve as a resource to the Ergonomics team
• Ensure all General Physicians receive appropriate training in recognizing MSDs
as Work related or not and documenting these employees when they report to the
clinic as WRMSD and referring these workers for Occupational medical resource
(Occupational Health Physician) who in turn can coordinate with the Ergonomics
team for further investigation of work place ergonomics.
• Follow primary, secondary & tertiary prevention protocols as listed in Appendix-5.
• Ensure a process is in place for symptomatic employees to be evaluated and
receive appropriate treatment.
• Notify shift leaders / managers of prevalence of MSD & ergonomic injuries.
• Manage the injury / illness reporting and tracking process, notify Ergonomics
Process Lead of injury trends and issues.
3.7 General Services / IT / Commercial Group
• Ensure all purchased equipment and furniture have been reviewed for ergonomic
risks and approved by HSE S&F before purchase.
• Provide ergonomic furniture & IT equipment to all computer workstations.

4.0 DEFINITIONS
Administrative Controls: - Changes to work place and workforce that control or reduce
exposure to risk factors. Examples include job rotation and work breaks.
Baseline survey: - A qualitative method to identify which work positions should have a
quantitative ergonomics hazard analysis.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: – Entrapment of the median nerve of the hand and wrist in the
passageway (tunnel) through the carpal bones of the wrist; usually results in numbness in
the fingers and pain on gripping.
“At risk” employees: -. Those whose job tasks have multiple risk factors that have a
higher probability of causing a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) depending on the relative
degree of severity of each factor.
Engineering Controls: - Changes to workstation design, setup, layout, and tools that
control or reduce exposure to risk factors.
Ergonomics: - The science of designing the work environment to meet the capabilities
and limitations of people in order to enhance productivity, efficiency, comfort, and to
reduce work-related injuries and illnesses.
Ergonomic hazard: - A workplace condition that poses an excessive biomechanical or
environmental stress on a worker (e.g., problems related to workstation layout, work
methods, tools, and job design that include aspects of work organization, production, line
speed, posture and force, work / rest regimens, and repetition rate).
Job: - One or more tasks that are performed during the course of a workday. Usually
similar sets of tasks are performed daily. Jobs are sometimes described by characteristic
tasks or groups of tasks, such as “machine operation”, “shipping”, or “maintenance”.
Job Task: - Series of motions and activities performed during one cycle with a specific
machine or tool.
Job enlargement: - A method of alleviating physical fatigue and stress in a particular
group of muscles / tendons / nerves by varying and expanding the specific tasks within a
job so as to use other muscle / tendon / nerve groups throughout the work shift.

Job rotation: - A method of alleviating physical fatigue and stress in a particular group of
muscles / tendons / nerves by rotating employees among jobs that use different groups of
muscles / tendons / nerves.
Occupational Health (OH): - The industrial hygiene and medical systems that protect and
enhance health, productivity and wellness by anticipating, recognising, evaluating,
controlling, and managing workplace health hazards. These systems also mitigate
illnesses and injuries by promptly recognising, treating, investigating, and taking corrective
actions. Occupational Health hazards can be chemical, physical, ergonomic, and
biological in nature or related to stress or indoor air quality.
In practice, OH concentrates mainly on health hazards that may arise from repeated long-
term exposure leading to prolong sub-chronic or chronic health impairment. Safety relates
more to single exposures resulting in sudden health impairments or even death.
Industrial hygiene (IH): -The systems that protect and enhance health by anticipating,
recognizing, evaluating, controlling, and managing chemical, physical, ergonomic, and
biological hazards in the workplace.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): - Clothing and other accessories designed to
create a barrier against chemical, physical, thermal, radiological, or mechanical hazards
in the workplace.
Process Review: - Comprehensive audit of the status and effectiveness of program

components.
Quantitative job-factor analysis: - An assessment that measures specific aspects of

ergonomic risk factors:
• Force exerted: push, pull, torque, or contact stress
• Weight: moved, lifted, or held
• Distance
• Number of repetitions
• Awkward postures: degree of bend / tilt from neutral
• Vibration: frequency and duration
Recovery pauses: - Rest periods to relieve fatigued muscle / tendon / nerve groups. The
length of rest periods depends on the tasks overall effort and total cycle time.

Remediation: - Actions to resolve and control exposure to risk factors.
Risk Factors: - Characteristics of work that can cause or aggravate a work-related

musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD). The primary risk factors are force, frequency / duration,
and posture. It is the combination of applying high force, high frequency or long duration
of motion, and poor posture over time that can result in WMSDs. Secondary risk factors
that can aggravate or hasten the development of WMSDs include mechanical stress,
vibration, and excessive cold. Refer appendix-3 for more details.
Risk Assessment: - An objective, repeatable process to systematically identify and

measure the presence and significance of risk factors.
Task: - One of the specific work objectives or procedures performed in a job (e.g., “set
up”, “operate a machine”, and “clean up”). A task may consist of one or more elements.
Temporary Workers: - People working at KIPIC under contract or as contractors, not on

payroll as KIPIC employees.
Work conditioning / hardening: - A practice that allows employees new to a job or

returning to a job to condition their muscle / tendon / nerve groups to work at their full
capacities. This could be accomplished through slower-paced training lines and / or
gradual introduction to the job with increased workloads over time.
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs): - Disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons,

ligaments, joints, cartilage, or spinal disks; typically, not the result of any instantaneous or
acute event but reflect a more gradual or chronic development due to repetitive exertions,
rapid motions, high forces, contact stresses, extreme postures, vibration and extreme or
low temperatures.
Work-related: - An injury / illness is considered work related when an event or exposure

in the work environment either caused or contributed to a resulting condition or aggravated
a pre-existing condition such as engaged in work-related activity or apprenticeship or
vocational training that is required by the employer.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WMSD): - Musculoskeletal disorders to which

the work environment and the performance of work contribute significantly; or
musculoskeletal disorders that are made worse or longer lasting by work conditions.

WMSDs include Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs), Repetitive Motion Illnesses
(RMIs), and Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs).
Repetitive-Motion Disorders: - A family of musculoskeletal or neurological illnesses or

symptoms that appear to be associated with repetitive tasks in which forceful exertions of
the fingers, or deviations or rotations of the hand, wrist, elbow or shoulder are required.
Also called cumulative trauma disorders (CTD).
5.0 PROCEDURE
5.1 Management of Ergonomics Hazards

The management of ergonomic hazards shall be accomplished by using primary,
secondary, and tertiary measures. Primary prevention measures attempt to identify and
reduce ergonomic risk factors in the workplace and prevent new cases or the recurrence
of MSD. Secondary prevention measures attempt to detect MSD in early stages and
provide proactive case management to prevent further injury to an employee. Tertiary
prevention measures attempt to minimize the effects of MSD and disability to the
individual.
An effective ergonomic evaluation and management program must include representation
from all levels of the organization including management, supervision, HSE (including
medical), and affected employees.
The standard like ISO 26800: 2011 (Ergonomics – General Approach, Principles and
Concepts) highlight the general ergonomic approach and specifies the basic ergonomics
principles and concepts and these are applicable to the design and evaluation of task,
jobs, tools, equipment, systems, organizations, services, facilities and environments in
order to make them compatible with the characteristics, the needs and values, and the
abilities and limitations of working personnel. For further necessary details and
information, the mentioned ISO 26800: 2011 standard can be referred .
The general guidelines provided in Appendix 1 can be referred for the details in order to
manage the ergonomic issues related computer workstations
5.2 Employee Training Program
KIPIC requires that all employees attend a general ergonomic awareness training
program. Awareness training shall be conducted at the time of hire and on a refresher /
periodic basis thereafter. The contents of the initial and refresher training programs shall,
at a minimum, include the following:
• The requirements of applicable national or local regulations
• The requirements of this ergonomics procedure
• Recognition of workplace risk factors for MSD and understanding general
methods for controlling those risk factors
• Identifying the signs and symptoms of MSD that may result from exposure to such
risk factors
• The procedures for reporting ergonomic risk factors to supervision and
management
In addition to general awareness training, employees shall receive task specific training to
address ergonomic considerations. Ergonomic hazards shall be identified in standard
operating procedures. Task-specific training shall be specific to the hazards identified in
each work area. Examples of task-specific training include the following:
• Proper use of equipment, tools, and machine controls

• Good work practices, including proper lifting techniques
• Awareness of work tasks that may lead to pain or injury
Employee training required by this procedure shall be documented for each employee.
Copies of training records shall be maintained by KIPIC.
5.3 Identification of Ergonomics Stressors and Risks.
Workplace analysis is the systematic study of work; it can be performed at different levels
of detail. The detail workplace analysis must emphasis on identification of specific tasks
and processes that may put employees at risk of developing MSDs. The following are
several different approaches. (Refer Appendix -3).
5.4 Development of Ergonomic Hazard Control Strategies

Control strategies for ergonomic hazards shall be developed based on a three-tier
hierarchy of control (Refer Appendix -4). The first tier includes engineering controls, which
reduce or eliminate potential hazards. The second tier includes administrative controls,
which attempt to limit the exposure period to potential hazards. The third tier includes
personal protective equipment, which attempts to provide some degree of protection from
potential hazards but does not reduce or eliminate the hazard.

Examples of ergonomic controls, from most effective to least effective, may include:
• Eliminating the task.
• Changing the nature of the task to remove repetition.
• Changing chairs that do not adjust to suit the user.
• Providing flat screen monitors to increase desk space.
• Adjusting the distance and positioning of screens, keyboards, mouse, phone, etc.
• Providing information to employees on importance of rest breaks and stretching.
5.5 Implementation and Evaluation of Hazard Control Strategies

Specific procedures and schedules for the implementation of ergonomic control strategies
should be developed based on the scope and complexity of the control strategies. The
implementation process may consist of a single event or a series of events. Normal steps
involved in the implementation of ergonomic controls include the following:
• Trials or tests of the selected solutions
• Making modifications or revisions as necessary
• Full-scale implementation of control strategies
• Follow-up evaluations to determine the effectiveness of the control strategies
At a minimum, follow-up evaluations shall consist of a workplace survey and interviews
with employees benefited by the control strategies to ensure that the original ergonomic
risk factors were controlled, and new ergonomic hazards were not introduced. Follow-up
evaluations should be performed no sooner than one to two weeks following
implementation of controls.
Establish and sustain a support infrastructure (team) appropriate for the site ergonomics
needs. Participants (Ergonomic Team) should include people in the following functions.
• Site Sponsor
• Ergonomics Process Lead
• Managers and Line Supervisors
• Employees
• Process, Operations and Maintenance Engineers
• Medical Staff
• Commercial Department.
• HSE

5.6 Recordkeeping
Implementation of an ergonomics process is expected to generate various records. Define
which records are generated, and how and where they are to be stored and disposed of
in accordance with KIPIC Retention Schedule.
• Site-wide risk assessments
• Engineering design reviews
• Documentation of risk reduction activities
• Verification of risk reduction
• Incident and injury investigations
• WMSD medical records
• Training records, materials, employee name, training dates, type(s) of training,
training provider, and applicable training verification
• Annual process evaluation / review records
Records must be maintained in an orderly fashion and be easily retrievable for review
following the company policy on records management.
5.7. New Project Review – Ergonomic Assessments

Ergonomic considerations shall be evaluated during the design phase of new work
processes. Design strategies should emphasize fitting job demands to the capabilities and
limitations of workers and target the causes of potential musculoskeletal problems.
5.8. Medical Management of MSD.
Occupational medical resources, where available, must direct and oversee the medical
management process for the control and elimination of MSD at all sites / facilities.
It should be ensured that employees who report early signs and symptoms of MSD. have
the opportunity for prompt evaluation by KIPIC medical personnel or MSD medical
specialists as required. In general, the earlier symptoms are identified, and treatment is
initiated, the less likely it is that a serious disorder will develop (e.g., carpal tunnel
syndrome). The medical provider(s) should determine physical capabilities and work
restrictions of affected workers, as applicable. KIPIC should attempt to accommodate work
restrictions by assigning employees to tasks consistent with medical restrictions or

temporarily transfer employees to a different position until effective controls can be
implemented. (Refer: Appendix 5).
5.9 Reporting of Incidents at Workplace
All incidents related with ergonomic hazards at workplace shall be reported through
company Incident Reporting and Investigating Procedure.

Appendix – 1: Computer Workstation Ergonomics – General Guidelines
1. Introduction
Computers are common in today's offices and workplaces. Many employees in KIPIC
spend all or part of their workdays using a video display terminal (VDT). The increase in
VDT use, however, frequently has not been matched with ergonomic considerations for
the VDT operator. The application of certain ergonomic principles can make working with
a VDT more comfortable. The purpose of this section is to discuss these principles and
how they can be successfully employed by VDT users. The areas most likely to be affected
during VDT use include the eyes, the hands, and the back. To reduce these problems,
primary considerations should be given to the following:
• Work station and procedures
• Work station lighting
• The video display terminal
• Vision care
2. Work Station and Procedures

2.1. Organize the Work Area
A little thought given to the best position for your display and the most effective use of the
space available to you can save both time, effort, and reduce discomfort. Organize your
desk or worktable to accommodate the materials and equipment you need to use. Place
the items you need regularly (i.e., telephone, phone index, etc.) within easy reach.
Experiment with the placement of your keyboard, screen, and other items you work with
to find the arrangement that works best for you.
2.2. Hands and Wrists
The hands and wrists of an individual working at a VDT should be parallel to the floor,
neither slanting upward nor downward, but keeping the wrists and arms in a neutral,
horizontal position. If your wrists are slanted upward, lower your keyboard until your wrists
and hands are horizontal. Some operators find it helpful to have their wrists supported by
a padded bar directly in front of the keyboard. Employees should attempt to alternate tasks
to reduce repetition and take several micro breaks of approximately 1 minute each several
times an hour to relax their hands and fingers. Performing hand and wrist exercises during

the micro breaks may also be beneficial to reduce strain and fatigue.
2.3. Back
To gain the most from your VDT, both the equipment and the area where it is installed
should be arranged and adjusted to suit your individual needs and the kind of work you
perform. This section is designed to help you find the arrangements that work best for you.
Whether you are an experienced VDT user or starting to work with a VDT for the first time,
the suggestions that follow will help you work more comfortably and effectively. The way
you set up your display, worktable, and chair are probably the most important
consideration in working comfortably. Although there is no such thing as an "ideal" working
posture, the suggestions in this section will aid in minimizing fatigue and discomfort.
2.4. Document Holder
Document holders are especially useful for those working primarily from source
documents. When properly positioned, a document holder or copy stand can reduce the
number of times you have to move your head back and forth between the screen and
source document. When using a document holder position it at a level that is comfortable,
close to the screen, and at or close to the same level. Position the desk lamp, if used, so
that it illuminates source document without creating a glare on the VDT screen.
2.5. Chair Adjustment
A comfortable chair, which allows you to change to a variety of positions during the day,
is important whether you work with a VDT or are involved in any other long-term sitting
tasks. You can find the sitting positions that suit you best by following these suggestions:
• Adjust the height of your chair's seat so that your thighs are horizontal to the floor,
your feet rest flat on the floor, and your arms and hands are comfortably positioned
at the keyboard (horizontal to the floor). For maximum comfort, the seat height,
backrest, and armrests should be easily adjustable.
• Use a chair constructed of a padded, roughly-textured, porous, cloth material (rather
than plastic-fabric) to help prevent sliding and heat buildup.
• Use a footrest if your chair is too high for your feet to rest flat on the floor when seated
at your VDT.
• Adjust the back rest of your chair so that it supports your lower back and fits the

curvature of your spine.
• Change your seated position frequently throughout the work day.
• Use a chair with removable armrests. Some operators will prefer to work without the
armrests. When armrests are used during data entry or other keyboarding, they
should be adjusted so that they allow the forearms to be kept parallel to the floor.
3. Work Station Lighting

In any office it is important to ensure that lighting is adjusted to a comfortable level.
Windows, overhead lighting, and reflections from shining surfaces can all create irritating
reflections on the VDT screen. Glare is a major source of discomfort for VDT operators.
There are several approaches to minimize glare and avoid eye fatigue. Work stations and
screens should be arranged to minimize glare that comes from windows, overhead
lighting, and high-reflectance wall paints or wall coverings. (Refer Appendix -7)
3.1. General Lighting
If general room lighting levels are a problem, seek the assistance of the manager. Building
maintenance may be able to reduce the number or wattage of light sources or investigate
the use of baffles or parabolic lenses. Building maintenance should always be consulted
if fluorescent lights need to be replaced. When evaluating lighting problems, consider the
following:
• Use drapes, shades, or blinds to control glare. Uncontrolled outside light from
windows is frequently the most significant cause of glare.
• Use indirect or shielded lighting when possible.
• Avoid intense or uneven lighting in the field of vision.
• Antiglare screens are sometimes helpful but may cause the characters to become
fuzzy. The anti-glare screen should be cleaned frequently to minimize fingerprints
and dust that can reduce the character clarity.
• If you wear glasses, your vision specialist can provide lenses with a glare- reducing
finish.
• Adjust the desk lamp or task light, if used, to avoid reflections on the screen.
• Reduce overhead lighting, where possible, by turning off lights or switching to lower
wattage bulbs.
• Place terminal screen perpendicular to the windows whenever possible (especially if

window is unshaded and provides brilliant direct light).
• Position the work station between rows of overhead lights, rather than directly under
them, if possible.
3.2. Task Lighting
In addition to general office lighting, task or desk lamps may be needed for shadowed
areas, reading documents with poor print quality, or tasks involving small detail.
Individuals using task lighting should be careful it does not cause unnecessary glare
problems on the VDT screen. Most people will not require task lighting and, since it can
create glare problems, it should be used primarily to solve those lighting problems that
cannot be resolved using other methods.
4. Video Display Terminals
4.1. Screen Distance
A comfortable viewing distance depends on the size and quality of the screen characters
as well as an individual's ability to maintain focus. Many people prefer a viewing distance
range of 20-26 inches from their eyes to the screen. This is slightly farther than the typical
reading distance of 12-18 inches.
4.2. Viewing Angle
In most situations, the top of the screen should be slightly below eye level when individuals
are operating a VDT. Adjustable document holders should be placed close to the VDT
screen and within the same general viewing distance.
4.3. Additional Screen Considerations
To reduce VDT operator discomfort, the VDT screen must be clean of fingerprints, dust,
and dirt. Character brightness should be adjusted for maximum clarity and comfort for the
individual user.
5. Vision Care
5.1. The Eyes
Eyes can become fatigued and irritated performing many tasks, including reading, driving,
or using a VDT. Eye fatigue is usually normal and temporary; however, it can be minimized
with a little attention to good work practices and attention to your environment. Regular

eye-rest breaks should be taken. Operators should rest their eyes during the workday by
(1) changing focus distance (focus on a fixed point in the distance for a few moments),
and (2) pausing and closing them. The length of the eye-rest period will depend on the
work being done at the time, the office humidity level, and other factors.

Appendix – 2: Office Workplaces and Computer Workstation
Ergonomics Checklist
This checklist has been developed to provide guidance on hazard. It is confined to
questions that can be answered by observation and questioning the workers. It is
therefore not at inclusive in coverage in coverage. “NO” responses indicate problems
areas, which should receive further investigation. Further investigation may be required
to assess risks and plan on whether measures are required.
Facility Name and Location Date:
Evaluation Conduced by: Page:
Operation:
Frequency of Operation: Continuous Intermittent Occasional Rare
Work Posture
1. Remarks
Does the workstation ensure operator posture as follows
Head and neck upright or in line with the trunk (not bent
1.1 Yes No
down or back)
1.2 Head, neck, and trunk face forward (not twisted) Yes No
Truck is perpendicular to the floor

1.3 Yes No
(may lean back into backrest but not forward)
Shoulders and upper arms are in line with the trunk.

1.4 Yes No
Perpendicular to the floor, and relaxed.
Upper arms and elbows are close to the body (not extended
1.5 Yes No
outward)
Thighs are parallel to the floor (horizontal) and the lower

1.6 Yes No
legs are roughly perpendicular to floor (vertical)?
1.7 Forearms, wrist, and hands are straight and in line Yes No
Wrists and hands are straight

1.8 Yes No
(not bent up, down or sideways)
Feet rest flat on the floor or are supported by a stable foot

1.9 Yes No
rest
Does the operator frequently take short breaks for stretching

1.10 and to reduce fatigue (alternate computer tasks and other Yes No
activities)?

1.11 Can hands and wrists be rested easily while typing? Yes No
2. Monitor Yes No
2.1 The Monitor is directly in front of the user Yes No
The top of the screen is at or below eye level of the operator

2.2 Yes No
so that it can be read without bending the neck.
Is the distance between eyes and monitor screen about 60

2.3 Yes No
cm (2ft)?
The monitor allows one to read the screen without leaning

2.4 Yes No
forward or backward.
Is the monitor positioned so as to avoid glare and reflection

2.5 Yes No
from windows or other light sources?
2.6 Are fonts and images sharp, clear and easy to read? Yes No
Those who wear bifocal or trifocal lenses can read the

2.7 Yes No
screen without bending the neck.
3. Desk or other work surface
There is enough space between the top of the user’s thighs

3.1 and the work surface or keyboard platform so the thighs are Yes No
not trapped (approximate height 68-70 cm)
There is enough space under the work surface for the legs
3.2 and feet so that the user can get close enough to the Yes No
keyboard to type comfortably.
Is the work surface large enough to hold all items required to

3.3 Yes No
perform the task?
4. Keyboard and Printing Device
4.1 Is the keyboard detachable? Yes No
Is the keyboard platform stable and large enough to hold a

4.2 Yes No
keyboard and point device (mouse) at the same level?
Is the mouse located next to the keyboard so it can be

4.3 Yes No
operated without reaching?
Are keyboard, mouse and other input devices positioned at
4.4 Yes No
or slightly below elbow height?
Wrists, forearms and hands do not rest on sharp or hard
4.5 Yes No
edges

Can the workstation be used for either right or left – handed
4.6 Yes No
activity?
The pointing device is easy to activate and fits the hand

4.7 Yes No
comfortable.
5. Chair
Seat pan width and depth accommodate the use (seat pan
5.1 Yes No
not too big or small)
Armrests, if used, support the forearms and do not restrict

5.2 Yes No
movement, are armrests provided where needed?
Seat pan is cushioned and rounded with a “waterfall” front

5.3 Yes No
(no sharp edge)
5.4 Seat pan is horizontal or slightly tilted forward Yes No
Seat pan does not press against the back of the knees and
5.5 Yes No
lower legs (seat pan not too long)
Backrest provided support for the lower back (Lumbar

5.6 Yes No
area)?
5.7 Can the chair easily be adjusted? Yes No
5.8 Does the chair have wheels (casters)? Yes No
6. Accessories
If a document holder is required, is it at about the same

6.1 Yes No
height and distance as the monitor screen?
6.2 Palm rests are padded and free of sharp or square edges Yes No
Palm rests allow the forearms, wrists, and hands to remain

6.3 Yes No
in a straight line.
A telephone can be used with the forearms, wrists, and

6.4 Yes No
hands to remain in a straight line
Training
7.
Is the operator trained in following
7.1 What is a proper posture? Yes No
7.2 When a and how to adjust his / her workstations? Yes No
7.3 How to seek assistance for his / her concerns? Yes No

Complaints
8.
Operator’s complaints (by interview):
8.1 Upper neck and neck discomfort? Yes No
8.2 Eyestrains, burnings eyes or headache? Yes No
8.3 Wrist and hand discomfort? Yes No
8.4 Shoulder and elbow discomfort? Yes No
8.5 Low back discomfort? Yes No
8.6 Muscle cramps, aches or numbness in legs? Yes No
Note:

Appendix – 3: Identification of Ergonomic Stressors and Risks
Workplace analysis is the systematic study of work; it can be performed at different levels
of detail. The detail workplace analysis must emphasis on identification of specific tasks
and processes that may put employees at risk of developing MSDs. The following are
several different approaches:
• Comprehensive, qualitative baseline screening surveys must be administered, and

the process documented. These surveys identify which job functions / work areas
should have a quantitative ergonomics job-factor analysis. In order to assess the
ergonomic risks related to the computer and office related, the checklist (Appendix
2) can be used.
• Employee self-assessments must be used to identify which job functions/ work areas
must have a quantitative ergonomics job-factor analysis.
• Ergonomic hazards must be evaluated by quantitative methods and, wherever
possible, prioritized by qualified ergonomic resources. The ISO 11226:2000
(Ergonomics – Evaluation of Static Working Postures) standard and ISO 11228-
1:2003 (Ergonomics – Manual Handling – Lifting and Carrying) standard can be used
for evaluating the workplaces for assessing the ergonomic risks.
ISO 11226:2000 (Ergonomics – Evaluation of Static Working Postures) standard provides

the information to those involved in design, redesign of work, jobs and products who are
familiar with the basic concepts of ergonomics in general and working postures. It specifies
recommended limits for static working postures without any or only with minimal external
force exertion, while taking into account body angles and time aspects. It is designed to
provide guidance on the assessment of several task variables, allowing the health risks for
the working population to be evaluated. The recommendations specified in the standard
will give reasonable protection for nearly all healthy employees. For further necessary
details and information regarding the evaluation, the mentioned ISO 11226:2000 standard
can be referred.
ISO 11228-1:2003 (Ergonomics – Manual Handling – Lifting and Carrying) standard

specifies recommended limits for manual lifting and carrying while taking into account,
respectively, the intensity, the frequency and the duration of the task. It is designed to
provide guidance on the assessment of several task variables, allowing the health risks for
the working population to be evaluated. It applies to manual handling of objects with a mass
of 3 kg or more and to moderate walking speed, i.e., 0.5 m/s to 1.0 m/s on a horizontal
level surface. This standard ISO 11228-1:2003 does not include holding of objects (without
walking), pushing or pulling of objects, lifting with one hand, manual handling while seated,
and lifting by two or more people. This standard is based on an 8 hr working day and it
does not concern analysis of combined tasks in a shift during a day. For further necessary
details and information regarding the evaluation, the mentioned ISO 11228-1:2003
standard can be referred.
Facility surveys and job analyses shall be performed to determine potential risks related to
common ergonomic stress factors such as:
• Awkward postures
• Forceful exertions
• Repetitive motions
• Contact stresses
• Manual lifting activities
• Use of computers and video display terminals
• Insufficient pauses and rest breaks for recovery and/or machine paced work
• Other environmental conditions such as extreme temperatures, vibration, noise
(Refer Appendix -6), poor illumination and inadequate indoor air quality
While performing a facility survey or job analysis, one or more techniques shall be used to
evaluate potential ergonomic stressors. Commonly used techniques for evaluating
stressors include the following:
• Observing workers performing a task to determine a time-activity analysis and job
cycle data (videotaping may be beneficial for later review of data)
• Photos of work postures, workstation layouts, tools, etc.
• Workstation measurements such as work surface heights or reach distances
• Measuring tool handle sizes, weighing tools and parts, and measuring part
dimensions
• Determining characteristics of work surfaces such as slip resistance, hardness and
surface edges

• Measuring exposures to heat, cold, and whole-body vibration
• Biomechanical calculations such as muscle force required to accomplish a task
• Physiological measures such as oxygen consumption or heart rate
• Special questionnaires, interviews, and subjective rating procedures to determine
the amount of perceived exertion and the psychological factors influencing work
performance.
Guide to Risk Assessment:
Frequency rating
• Continuous / 8-hr work: 4

• Frequent / less than 6 hours per day: 3
• Intermittent / less than 4 hours per day:2
• Occasional / less than 1 hour per day:
Severity rating
• Presence of risk factor and / or MSD: 4
• Presence of risk factor: 3
• Occasional presence of risk factor: 2
• No risk factor: 1
Risk Rating scheme: Risk = Frequency x Severity
Severity
Frequency 1 2 3 4
1 1 2 3 4
2 2 4 6 8
3 3 6 9 12
4 4 8 12 16
RED indicates Risk rating of 4 (high risk)
Orange indicates Risk rating of 3 (moderate risk)
Blue indicates Risk rating of 2 (low risk)
Green indicates Risk rating of 1 (negligible risk)
MSD Assessment shall be subjective during risk assessment based on feedback from
employee
Appendix – 4: Development of Ergonomic Hazard Control Strategies
The traditional hierarchy of controls shall be followed. The priority for control
implementation should begin with the job functions with the most severe concentration of
multiple risk factors for the greatest number of employees. The following shall be used as
a guideline.
Engineering controls are the preferred approach to preventing WMSD. The proper
application of engineering controls will attempt to design a job (including workstation
layout, selection and use of tools, and work methods) to take account of the capabilities
and limitations of the workforce. Engineering controls include, but are not limited to, the
following considerations:
• Changing the way materials, parts, and products can be transported

• Changing the process or product to reduce worker exposure to risk factors
• Modifying containers and parts presentation
• Changing workstation layout
• Changing the way parts, tools and materials are to be manipulated
• Changing tool designs
• Changing access and sequence of tasks
Administrative controls can be helpful as temporary measures until engineering

controls can be implemented. Long term use of administrative controls in some instances
can be difficult to properly manage. Since administrative controls do not eliminate the
hazard, management and supervision must assure that employees adhere to the
requirements of these controls. Administrative controls include, but are not limited to, the
following considerations:
• Reducing shift length or curtailing the amount of overtime

• Rotating workers through several jobs with different physical demands to reduce
the stress on limbs and body regions
• Scheduling more breaks to allow for rest and recovery
• Broadening or varying the job content to offset certain risk factors
• Work conditioning / acclimatization
• Adjusting the work pace to avoid repetitive motion risks and give the worker
more control of the work process
• Provide employee training in the recognition of risk factors of WMSD and
instruction in work practices that can make easier the task demands or burden
Personal protective Equipment’s (PPE) as a selected control for ergonomic hazards is

the least preferred method of hazard control. PPE must be carefully selected and properly
fitted to an individual to maximize benefits and must be issued on a case by case basis.
Evidence suggests that PPE designed for ergonomic hazards has in many cases been
proven to be inconclusive in terms of protection provided to employees. Employees
provided PPE for ergonomic hazards must receive proper training in the use, care,
inspection, and maintenance of PPE. Examples of PPE designed to reduce ergonomic
stressors include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Knee pads
• Elbow pads
• Vibration attenuation gloves
Back belts, splints, supports, and other similar immobilization devices are not considered
PPE and, unless prescribed by a medical professional, must not be used to reduce the
effects of ergonomic hazards.

Appendix – 5: Medical Management
Medical personnel shall direct and oversee the medical management process for the control
and elimination of work-related musculoskeletal disorders at all sites / facilities. Prevention
of musculoskeletal disorders is the overall goal of any site / facility ergonomics effort.
Prevention has three components: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The goals and
objectives of the occupational health (OH) management process at each of these levels to
significantly control the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal disorders are provided
below. Priority should be given to primary prevention.
The goal of the ergonomic process is the primary prevention of ergonomically related
conditions. This is achieved by partnering occupational medical resources with the
ergonomics team to prevent musculoskeletal disorders or their recurrence and/or decrease
risk factors for MSD in the workplace. The aim of secondary prevention is the detection of
early musculoskeletal disorders and proactive management. The aim of tertiary prevention
is to minimise the effects of musculoskeletal disorders and disability on (i.e., to restore
function) to the individual.
Primary Prevention
Medical personnel should:
• Serve as a resource to the ergonomics team.
• Receive appropriate training in ergonomics principles; recognition / identification,
evaluation, and treatment of work related musculoskeletal disorders; and principles of
rehabilitation and work conditioning.
• Perform walk-through audits when needed, to evaluate job tasks and job methods for
ergonomic-related interface issues and be familiar with all jobs on the site.
• View every interaction with employees as an opportunity to educate them about safe
work methods, healthy lifestyles, good mental health, and available health resources.
• Assist the ergonomics team with the design and analysis of the risk assessments.
• The site ergonomics team shall be contacted during design for continuity with record
keeping guidelines. This survey shall not be used to diagnose disorders.
• Perform musculoskeletal screening evaluations of employees in jobs with multiple risk
factors for musculoskeletal disorders.
• Develop, implement, or resource health-promotion activities related to ergonomics
including simple exercises during office hours as preventive measures.
• Assist the ergonomics team in identifying appropriate community health/medical
resources to assist with the site’s ergonomics efforts.
• Use job descriptions and job-demand analysis in performing fitness-for-duty
assessments.
Secondary Prevention
Site medical personnel should:

• Encourage employees to report musculoskeletal pain or early fatiguing to supervision
or Medical. Medical staff should be alert to early musculoskeletal symptoms of
employees who work in high-risk areas and, if appropriate, refer these employees for
further tests.
• Assess each clinic visit, as appropriate, for ergonomic or musculoskeletal trauma
potential.
• Determine what activities outside of work may contribute to or cause musculoskeletal
disorders and educate employees about how to prevent it when engaged in these
activities.
• Initiate the occupational illness investigation process (Reference: HSE-TSOH-05-
1347: Diagnosis and Managing Occupational Injury & Illness Cases) where
appropriate and be a member of the occupational illness investigation team.
• Assist the site in determining which metrics should be used to measure the
effectiveness of the site ergonomics program. Medical resource should periodically
review individual health records for musculoskeletal disorders, both work- and non-
work-related, looking for clusters that might indicate unrecognized ergonomic-related
hazards. The records of PME & General Health clinic records could be retrieved for
impact evaluations.

Tertiary prevention
All employees who experience musculoskeletal disorder related symptoms or signs should
be provided prompt, effective MSD management at no cost to the employee.
Musculoskeletal disorder management shall include access to a health-care professional,
any appropriate work restrictions, and evaluation and follow-up of the incident.
Occupational Medical resource written opinion
Whenever any employee reports with MSD symptoms requesting or in need of Rest/ sick
leave/ restricted work, the same employee could be referred to the Occupational Medical
Resource for evaluating work relatedness of the symptom or disease who should provide a
written opinion with a copy to the employee. These cases are documented as work related
if they are so as per definition given under section 4. These cases could serve as a sentinel
case or cluster for further investigation by the ergonomic team at the work place.

Appendix – 6: Noise in the Indoor Environment
i. The Kuwait Environment Public Authority appendix 1-6 provide necessary guidance
on the allowable level of noise in the indoor environment. (Ref: Executive By-Law 5 for
the year 2017).
Type of location inside the industrial Establishment Allowed Noise Level Limits
Buildings (dBA)
• Conference room 35-40
• Offices 40-45
• Workshop offices 45-50
• Laboratory, Measurement or Inspection room 50-55
• Repair workshops 60-65
• Canteen 50-55
• Production areas, Fan rooms, Compressor rooms etc. 85-90
ii. Shell DEPs Standards - Noise Control Amendments / Supplements to ISO 15664
(31.10.00.31-Gen). - Section 5: (General Noise Limits (Immission Requirements)
Maximum allowable sound

Area description
pressure level (dBA)
• Areas in workshops and machinery buildings where
communication is required. 70
• Workshops for light maintenance
• Workshop offices.
• Control rooms, not continuously manned 60
• Computer rooms
• Control rooms, continuously manned.
• Open plan offices. 50
• Social rooms, changing rooms, wash places and
toilets
• Offices and conference rooms. 45
• Personnel accommodation (bedrooms, private 40

cabins, etc.).

Appendix – 7: Illumination in the Indoor Environment
Until the KEPA publishes the revised by-laws with limits for illumination in indoor
environment. Shell DEPs shall be used.
Shell DEPs - Electrical Engineering Design (33.64.10.10-Gen).
Illumination Levels as provided by Shell DEP’s.
The required illumination levels, measured at the working plane or 1 m above the floor level
in a horizontal plane, are shown in the table below. For more details, reference shall be
made to above Shell DEP.
REQUIRED ILLUMINATION LEVELS
Emean
Location Notes
(Lux)
CONTROL ROOMS
General, including front of panel 300/500 1, 7
Rear of panels 150
Auxiliary rooms 150/300 2
Outside, near entrances 150
PLANT AREAS
pumps,
Operating areas requiring compressors,
150 3
regular operator intervention generators, drivers,
valves, manifolds,
loading arms,
Indicating etc.
instruments,
Local control and monitoring
gauges and control 75
points
devices
Level gauges (see-through) to be lit from behind by
single tube fluorescent luminaries
walkways, platforms,
Access ways: stairways, ladders, 25
module roofs
(offshore)

Emean
Location Notes
(Lux)
Plant and jetty approaches and road intersections 5

Non-operational areas with limited attendance. tank
farms without equipment requiring regular operator 0.5
intervention.
top loading, walkways
150
and top of tankers
Loading gantries: bottom loading
(coupling 150
handling area)
Road tanker parking area 25
NON-PLANT AREAS
Switch rooms, including relay and auxiliary rooms 200
Indoor general 250 3
local on workbenches
400 4
Workshops and garages and machine tools
outdoor storage and
50
handling areas
indoor between
150
storage racks
bulk storage 50
Warehouses and stores
outdoor storage
5
areas
Laboratories and analyser

400
rooms

Emean
Location Notes
(Lux)
lit by twin 40 W
fluorescent or single
70 W HP sodium
Street lighting and fence
(SON) luminaires on 5, 6
lighting
standard 8 m poles
at, typically, 50 m
spacing
NON-INDUSTRIAL AREAS
Canteens (dining areas) 100
Car parks 1
Catering areas (food preparation and serving) 300
Communications rooms 400
Computer rooms 400 7

Conference rooms 400
Corridors and stairways 100
Drawing offices 400 7
First aid rooms 400
Libraries and reading rooms 400
Lifts 100
Offices 400
Plant rooms 150
Print rooms 250
Reception areas 150 -400
Recreation rooms and lounges 300
Store rooms 150
Toilets and locker rooms 100

NOTES:
1. 300 lux applies at night and 500 lux during the daytime. Control of the illumination
level down to 100 lux should be possible either by switching off rows/groups of
luminaires, or by use of electronic dimmers, or both.
2. 150 lux applies for normal access and 300 lux for maintenance activities. The
illumination level should be controlled by switching each lamp in a twin fitting from
separately controlled circuits or by switching alternative fittings.
3. Where overhead travelling cranes are installed, floodlights should be fitted under
the crane beam to provide an illumination level of 400 lux for better illumination
during maintenance.
4. In areas where very fine work is carried out, local lighting with higher illumination
levels may be required, e.g. 750 – 1000 lux on an instrument workshop bench.
5. Higher illumination levels apply where security fence lighting is required, e.g. for
use with video camera surveillance. These shall be specified to be compatible with
the video system utilised.
6. At the security barrier and checkpoint in front of site entrance gatehouses, higher
illumination levels may be required.
7. In rooms where VDUs are permanently installed, the lighting shall be designed to
avoid reflections and glare from the screens.


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DOCUMENT TITLE: OFFICE ERGONOMICS

DOCUMENT NO.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

ISSUE DATE: November 2018

LATEST REVISION DATE: November 2018

Document Custodian: HSE, Security & Fire Group

Next Revision due: November 2021

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

0 Initial Draft for Internal

Distribution of Controlled Copies

Copy No. To be issued to

Master Copy Manager HSE S&F

1 Team Leader HSE Systems

Document Change Log Table

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

The appendices provide checklists for evaluation of ergonomic hazards in offices.

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

This program applies to:

2.1 KPC HSSEMS Standards

• Occupational Health Management Technical Annexure – Occupational

2.2 Other References

3.1 Top Management

3.2 Manager HSE S&F

3.3 Team Leader HSE Systems

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Process Review: - Comprehensive audit of the status and effectiveness of program

Quantitative job-factor analysis: - An assessment that measures specific aspects of

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Risk Factors: - Characteristics of work that can cause or aggravate a work-related

Risk Assessment: - An objective, repeatable process to systematically identify and

Temporary Workers: - People working at KIPIC under contract or as contractors, not on

Work conditioning / hardening: - A practice that allows employees new to a job or

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs): - Disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons,

Work-related: - An injury / illness is considered work related when an event or exposure

Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WMSD): - Musculoskeletal disorders to which

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

Repetitive-Motion Disorders: - A family of musculoskeletal or neurological illnesses or

5.1 Management of Ergonomics Hazards

5.2 Employee Training Program

• Proper use of equipment, tools, and machine controls

5.3 Identification of Ergonomics Stressors and Risks.

5.4 Development of Ergonomic Hazard Control Strategies

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

5.5 Implementation and Evaluation of Hazard Control Strategies

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

5.7. New Project Review – Ergonomic Assessments

5.8. Medical Management of MSD.

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

5.9 Reporting of Incidents at Workplace

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

2. Work Station and Procedures

2.2. Hands and Wrists

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

2.4. Document Holder

2.5. Chair Adjustment

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

3. Work Station Lighting

3.1. General Lighting

Title: Office Ergonomics Rev.0 Ref No.: KIPIC/HSESF/SYSOH/18/1603

3.2. Task Lighting

4. Video Display Terminals

4.1. Screen Distance