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HEALTH
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
PREGNANCY-RELATED CONCERN
and PRE-NATAL CARE

Locally Developed Self-Learning Material

HEALTH – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Pregnancy- related concern and Pre-natal care
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cherie N. Nedruda

Content Editor: Saturnino D. Dumlao
Reviewer: Jose C. Tala

Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS
Education Program Supervisor, MAPEH
District Supervisor, IV-C
School Principal
Department Head, MAPEH
Department Head, MAPEH
: Leilani Samson Cunanan, CESO V
: Maylene M. Minimo, EdD, CESE
: Ariel C. Lansang
: Jose C. Tala, EdD
: Saturnino D. Dumlao
: Jesusima P. Facal
: Esperedion F. Ordonio,EdD
: Olivia G. Cannu, EdD
: Mayco J. Mendoza

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SDO of Olongapo City

Office Address: Gordon Avenue, Asinan, Olongapo City
Contact Nos: 222-2568 / 603-0570
E-mail Address: olongapocity@deped.gov.ph

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 What I Need to Know

This module is designed for you to learn and understand the pregnancy related
concerns, prenatal care, and importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, essential
newborn protocol, and advantages of breastfeeding to have a harmonious relationship in a
family.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Discusses various maternal health concerns (pre-during-post pregnancy). H8FH-IIc-d-

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2. Explains the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy.
H8FH-IIe-f-31

What I Know
Pre-Assessment
Multiple choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it in your activity
notebook.
1. The reproductive process wherein the male gamete and female gamete unite to
form a new single cell.
A. Fertilization B. Ovulation C. Implantation D. Gestation
___2. The fertilized egg develops into a baby in the _______.
A. Ovaries B. Fallopian tube C. Uterus D. Stomach
___3. The developing human is called ______.
A. Fetus B. Zygote C. Baby D. Embryo
___4. The developing human is fed in the woman’s womb through.
A. Mammary gland B. Placenta C. Uterus D. Bladder
___5. The place of pregnancy that starts from week 13 to 27.
A. First trimester B. Second Trimester
C. Third Trimester D. Second and third trimester
___6. The phase of pregnancy that lasts from week to birth
A. First trimester C. Third Trimester
B. Second Trimester D. Second and third trimester
___7. The process of birth wherein the doctor removes the baby from the womb.
A. Ceasarian section C. Surgical operation
B. Normal delivery D. Painless Delivery
___8. The behavioural development of a healthy baby wherein he/she learns to
vocalize and controls movement of the head.
A. 0-1 month B. 4-5 months C. 6-7 months D. 2-3 months
___9. The best and ideal form of infant feeding is through _______.
A. Breastfeeding B. Bottle feeding C. Mix feeding D. All of the above
----10. Lactation is the period of milk production initiated by what hormone in the
mammary gland?
A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. Prolactin D. None of the above

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 Lesson
Pregnancy-related concerns
1 and Pre-natal Care

What’s In

Choosing a lifetime partner involves some processes; like crushes, courtship, dating
and engagement are practiced and exercised. Dating leads to the development of intimacy
between couples. Dating is helpful in developing healthy relationship. Dating provides a
quality time to know the person better.
The union of man and woman is given dignity by the sacrament of matrimony.
Marriage is a promise, a covenant to keep partnership for life not only for the sake of staying
together but more for the growth and good of each other and for responsible rearing of
children.
Couples should be strongly united and focused not only to each other but also practice
responsible parenthood. In this kind of reproduction, the reproductive cells of man and woman
join together to make a new human cell. And so, pregnancy occur and a normal pregnancy
generally lasts until 9 months or 38 to 40 weeks.

What’s New

A New Beginning
After marriage, a couple’s desire is to build a family. Humans are reproduced through
sexual reproduction. In this kind of reproduction, the reproductive cells of man and woman join
together to make a new human cell. This process is called fertilization.

Fertilization is a reproductive process wherein half of the genes of the father and mother
combine to form a single cell; the new cell then divides and forms more cells. This ball of cells
enters the uterus and attaches itself to the uterine wall. The attachment of the developing cells
to the uterus is called implantation.

Pregnancy is the time when a

new cell is formed during fertilization,
grows and develops into a baby in the
woman’s uterus. From the time that the
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ovum and the sperm cell unite until the end of the eight week, the developing human is called
embryo. From the 8th week until birth, the developing human is called the fetus. A normal
pregnancy generally lasts until 9 months or 38 to 40 weeks.

What is It

Normal physical changes and symptoms throughout pregnancy

Although they can range from mild to severe, the following conditions are common during pregnancy:
Fatigue Morning sickness
Sleep problems Heartburn
Breast changes Varicose veins
Hair changes Leg cramps
Back pain and sciatica Pelvic ache and hip pain
Hemorrhoids and constipation Nosebleeds and bleeding gums
Stretch marks, itchiness, and other skin changes Hand pain, numbness, or weakness (carpal
tunnel syndrome)
 Changes in vaginal discharge. A thin, milky-white discharge (leukorrhea) is
normal throughout pregnancy. Also, the tissue lining of the vagina becomes
thicker and less sensitive during pregnancy.
Phases of pregnancy
The first trimester of pregnancy lasts from week 1 through week 12. Your first sign of pregnancy may
be a missed menstrual period.
The second trimester of pregnancy (from week 13 to week 27) is the time when most women start to
look pregnant and may begin to wear maternity clothes. By 16 weeks, the top of your uterus, called the
fundus, will be about halfway between your pubic bone and your navel. By 27 weeks, the fundus will be
about 2 in. (5 cm) or more above your navel.
You may find that the second trimester is the easiest part of pregnancy.
For some women, the breast tenderness, morning sickness, and fatigue of the first trimester ease up or
disappear during the second trimester, while the physical discomforts of late pregnancy have yet to start.
Pressure on your bladder may be less as the uterus grows up out of the pelvis. The third
trimester lasts from week 28 to the birth. Many women have some discomfort during this time as their
belly gets bigger. Sleep problems are common during this period.

Complications of Pregnancy
Special Condition Prevention and Management
Nausea / Improper body weight Small frequent feedings instead of three large meals
and high carbohydrates, low fat foods such as crackers
and jelly and liquids should be taken between meals
Toxemia
Morning Sickness proper nutrition
Anemia iron and folic acid prescribed by the physician
Diabetes folic acid prescribed by the doctor
Constipation
fluid intake, proper nutrition and exercise

BIRTH

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 The passage of a baby from its mother’s uterus to the outside
of her body is called birth. During birth, the uterus contracts many
times and pushes the baby through the vagina and outside the
mother’s body.
Labor is the process that lasts from the time contractions
starts until the delivery of the child and the placenta. Labor lasts a
different amount of time for every woman and every pregnancy.

How to take care of a pregnant woman:

Pregnant woman should be taken care of properly by doing the
following:
- Accompany a pregnant woman in a daily exercise for motivation.
- Give fruits, vegetables, and lots of water.
- Listening to music gives a pregnant woman as well as the baby in her womb relaxation.
- Let her sleep on her left side.
- Go together with a pregnant woman during check-ups.

Mother’s role during and after pregnancy:

 Avoid vices such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
 Avoid stressful activities.
 See to it that she gets the necessary pre-natal and post-natal check-up.
 Do exercises like walking, yoga, etc.
 Eat nutritious food.
Father’s role during and after the pregnancy of the wife:
 See to it that the mother gets the necessary pre-natal and post-natal check-up.
 He must take care of the mother and the baby.
 He should see to it that the necessary immunizations as scheduled are strictly
followed.
 He should provide healthy diet meals for the mother and the child.

Importance of Maternal Nutrition

Maternal nutritional status affects the offspring’s health development significantly during early
embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and
even throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal
nutrition expands into the time period before conception:
Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-
long health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can
be caused by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women
during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well-being of the next
generation.

What I Have Learned

Activity: Mother's Care
Direction: Give your understanding regarding pregnancy concerns and pre-natal care.
Give at least four (4) and write it inside the Dialogue Map.

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 PREGNANCY CONCERNS:
1. PRE-NATAL CARE
2. 1.
3. 2.
4. 3.
4.

What I can do

Activity: What is on my plate

Direction: Give the foods necessary to a pregnant woman. Give at least three (3)
foods. Write it inside the

GO GLOW GROW
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3 3. 3.

Lesson

2 NEWBORN

What’s In
Fertilization is a reproductive process wherein half of the genes of the father and mother
combine to form a single cell; the new cell then divides and forms more cells. This ball of cells enters
the uterus and attaches itself to the uterine wall. The attachment of the developing cells to the uterus is
called implantation.
Over the 9-month period, the woman’s uterus stretches to hold a full-sized newborn baby. This
stretching makes her abdomen get larger. A pregnant woman also experiences swelling of legs,
difficulty in sleeping, restlessness, and irritability as the fetus gets larger. Many woman, feel clumsy or
uncomfortable too because of the changes that taking place.
A new baby at home is exciting, but it can be scary, too. Newborns have many needs, like
frequent feedings and diaper changes. Babies can have health issues that are different from older
children and adults.

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 What I Need to Know
 
A new baby at home is exciting, but it can be scary, too. Newborns have many needs, like
frequent feedings and diaper changes. Babies can have health issues that are different from older
children and adults.

A baby from birth to 28 days of age is called a Newborn.

Babies are such delightful and mysterious creatures. One day your baby is lying on his or her back and a
few minutes later baby is two feet away on his or her tummy. The first activities we do with our babies
are hold them, touch them, look into their eyes and talk to them like we have known them forever. Your
love and attention helps your baby adjust to his or her new environment. Each stage of development is
crucial and the role parents and caretakers play is so important.

Birth to 3 months. Babies that are held a lot, talked and sang to, and just well nurtured and
loved tend to have higher IQs. There are studies that indicate that babies who get plenty to eat and have
a good amount of body fat have higher IQs as well. By the time your baby is 3 months old you can tell
when your baby is hungry, tired or in pain by his or her cry. Crying is the main form of vocal
communication.

Cooing and making other noises is also a way to communicate, respond to your baby's first
communication. You can coo back or say "hi." Your baby will start playing this game with you if you
encourage him or her by repeating the game.

What’s New

Essential Newborn Care Protocol aimed to significantly reduce infant deaths in the country.
Protocol can pave the way to the reduction of neonatal deaths. Essential Newborn Care is a
comprehensive strategy to improve the health of the newborn through interventions before conception,
during pregnancy, soon after birth and in the post- natal period.
This protocol will focus on the first few hours of life of the newborn with the manual guiding
the health workers and medical practitioners in providing evidence-based essential newborn care.
The guidelines are categorized into the time bound and non-time bound plus unnecessary procedures.
Time bound procedures should be routinely performed first which are:
1. immediate drying
2. skin to skin contact
3. clamping of the cord after 1-3 minutes
4. non-separation of the newborn from the mother
5. breastfeeding initiation.
Non-time bound interventions include:
1. immunizations
2. eye care
3. Vitamin K administration
4. Weighing
5. Washing
6. Routine suctioning
7. Routine separation of newborn for observation
8. Administration of prelacteals like glucose water or formula.

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Here is a table of immunizations a baby should have:

Kind of Immunization Age of Immunization

BCG (Anti-TB) 0-1 month old

7 years old

1 ½ months
OPV (Anti-Polio Vaccine)
2 ½ months
32 months
1 ½ months
DPT (Anti-diphtheria, pertussis
2 ½ months
and tetanus)
32 months

1 ½ months
Hepa B vaccine
2 ½ months
32 months
MMR (measles, mumps, 9 months to 1 year
rubella)

Activity 1: Cup of Love

Direction: Fill in the cup of love for the immunization needed by the babies. Give at
least five (5).

IMMUNIZATION
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
.

Activity 2: Name Me!

Direction: Identify the category of essential newborn care protocol. Write TB for time-
bound and NTB for non-time-bound. Write the answer on the space provided before the
number.
----------- 1. immediate drying
---------- 2. skin to skin contact
---------- 3. immunization
---------- 4. vitamin K administration
---------- 5. breastfeeding initiation
---------- 6. routine suctioning
---------- 7. weighing
---------- 8. non-separation of the newborn from the mother
---------- 9. breastfeeding initiation
---------- 10. administration of pre-lacteals like glucose water or formula

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 What Is It
New born babies should undergo a newborn screening as reflected in REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9288: AN
ACT PROMULGATING A COMPREHENSIVE POLICY AND A NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR
ENSURING NEWBORN SCREENING

Newborn means a child from the time of complete delivery to 30 days old.
Newborn screening Newborn Screening (NBS) is a simple procedure to find out if the baby has a
congenital metabolic disorder that may lead to mental retardation or even death if
left untreated.

Importance of newborn screening

Most babies with metabolic disorders look "normal" at birth. By doing NBS, metabolic
disorders may be detected even before clinical signs and symptoms are present. And as a result of this,
treatment can be given early to prevent consequences of untreated conditions.

When is screening done?

Newborn screening is ideally done on the 48th - 72nd hour of life. However, it may also be
done after 24 hours from birth.

How is newborn screening done?

A few drops of blood are taken from the baby's heel, blotted on a special absorbent filter card
and then sent to Newborn Screening Center (NSC).

Who will collect the sample for newborn screening

The blood sample for NBS may be collected by any of the following: physician, nurse, medical
technologist, or trained midwife.

Where is newborn screening available?

Newborn screening is available in Hospitals, Lying-ins, Rural Health Unit, Health Centers, and
some private clincs. If babies are delivered at home, babies may be brought to the nearest institution
offering newborn screening.

When are newborn screening results available?

Results can be claimed from the health facility where NBS was availed. Normal NBS results
are available by 7 - 14 working days from the time samples are received at the NSC.
Positive NBS results are relayed to the parents immediately by the health facility.
Please ensure that the address and phone number provided to the health facility are correct.
A NEGATIVE SCREEN MEANS THAT THE NBS RESULT IS NORMAL. A positive screen
means that the newborn must be brought back to his/her health practitioner for further testing.

What should be done when a baby is tested a positive NBS result?

Babies with positive results must be referred at once to a specialist for confirmatory testing and
further management. Should there be no specialist in the area, the NBS secretariat office will assist its
attending physician.

What are the disorders tested for newborn screening?

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The disorders tested for newborn screening are:
(1) Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH)
(2) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
(3) Galactosemia (GAL)
(4) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
(5) Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD Def.)

The behavioral development of a healthy baby:

0-1 month suckles and smiles
2-3 months vocalizes and controls head
4-5 months controls hand and rolls over
6-7 months sits briefly and crawls
8-9 months grasps and pulls up
10 – 11 months walks with support and stands alone

What’s More

Activity: Window
Direction: Fill in every window that talks about the Republic Act 9288. An Act Promulgating a
Comprehensive Policy and a National System for Ensuring Newborn Screening.

Window 1 Window 2 Window 3

Importance of newborn How is newborn screening Who will collect the sample
screening done for newborn screening

What I Have Learned

Activity: Needs of the baby

Direction: If you have your own baby in the future, what are your child's needs to be provided.
List at least ten (10)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

10
8.
9.
10.

What I Can Do

Activity: My Future Baby

Direction: Cut a picture of a baby and paste it on the box. Write down some features
you wanted to have for your future baby. (example: sharp nose, big eyes, dark skin, etc..)
Explain your output.

Assessment
Post Test
A. Multiple Choice.
Direction: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following beverage does a pregnant woman cannot take?
A. Chocolate drinks
B. Fruit juices
C. Milk products
D. Rice wine
2. Lactating mothers should eat the following foods:
A. Big serving of cereals
B. Big serving of green leafy and yellow vegetables
C. Big serving of red meat
D. Processed foods
3. What is the right age Filipinos to enter into marriage, as set by the Family Code of the Philippines?
A. 15 B. 11 C. 21 D.13
4. The phase of pregnancy that lasts from week to birth
A. First trimester C. Third Trimester
B. Second Trimester D. Second and third trimester
5. Which of the following should be avoided during pregnancy?
A. Drinking milk C. Eating variety of fruits and vegetables
B. Smoking cigarettes D. Eating sweets and junk foods

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6. An Act Promulgating a Comprehensive Policy and a National System for Ensuring
Newborn Screening.
A. R.A. 9288 C. R.A. 8829
B. R.A. 2889 D. R.A. 9828
7. Which of the following is NOT a complication of pregnancy?
A. Anemia C. Asthma
B. Morning sickness D. Constipation
8. It is where the fertilized egg develops into a baby.
A. Ovaries C. Uterus
B. Fallopian tube D. Stomach
9. Lactation is the period of milk production initiated by what hormone in the mammary gland?
A. Progesterone C. Prolactin
B. B. Estrogen D. None of the above
10. When is newborn screening done?
A. 1 week after B. 2 days after C. 2wks D. 5 days
B. Modified True or False
Direction: Write T if the given information is true; Write F if it is not and underlined the word or
phrase that makes it false.
1. Fertilization is a reproductive process wherein half of the genes of the father and mother
combine to form single cell.
2. An unplanned and unwanted pregnancy can ease emotional anguish.
3. During pregnancy, a woman’s body undergoes many changes.
4. Almost everything that goes into the mothers body enters to the bloodstream and goes to the
placenta of the baby.
5. In first trimester, the mother feels pelvic ache and hip pain.
6. Labor is the process that lasts from the time contractions start until the delivery of the child
and the placenta.
7. To take care a pregnant woman is to give her a disappointment.
8. Republic act. No.9288 is an act promulgating a comprehensive policy and a national system
for ensuring newborn screening.
9. Congenital Hypothyroidism is a disorder tested for newborn screening.
10. The baby will take his / her BCG (anti-TB) immunization at age of 1 1/2
months, 2 ½ months, 32 months.

Additional Activity

Direction: If you were given the chance to become a politician and create a bill
on breastfeeding, what particular programs would you like to implement and
support? List them according to preference.

Programs Listed Based on Reasons for Choosing the Programs

Preference
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

Answer Key

Lesson 1 Pregnancy-related concerns Activity – Name Me

and Pre-natal Care 1. TB 12
What I know (Pre-Test) 2. TB
1. D 6.C 3. NTB
2. C 7.A 4. NTB
 Post Test / Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
1. D 6.A
What I Can Do 2. B 7.C
Activity – My Future 3. C 8.C Baby
- It depend upon 4. C 9.C the answer of the learners'
5. B 10.B
B. Modified True or False
1. T
2. F- can ease
3. T
4. T
5. F – pelvic ache and hip
pain
6. T
7. F – disappointment
8. T
9. T
10. F – age of 1 ½ months, 2 ½
months, 32 months

References

 Basic Nutrition for Filipinos by Virginia S. Claudio, PR.D, RND, et. al., Meriam
School and Office Supplies Corp. 864-870 H. Reyes Sr. Ave., Sampaloc, Manila, 1982. 
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 Teaching Guide on the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (P.E. and Health
Education II)
 MAPEH III by Vilma Perez, et.al.,St. Bernadette Publication, Quezon City
 Most Essential Learning Competencies
 Learner’s Material in Health 8

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