GR 12 MATHEMATICS: EXAM PAPERS & MEMOS

a CAPS-constructed exam from

The Answer Series Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 study guide

Important advice for matrics – the final stretch

Exam Papers
Paper 1 .......................................................................... 1
Paper 2 .......................................................................... 3

Memos
Memo 1 .......................................................................... 7
Memo 2 .......................................................................... 11

We trust that working through these

exam papers and following our suggested
answers and comments will help you prepare
thoroughly for your final exam.

The Answer Series Maths study guides

offer a key to exam success.
 IMPORTANT ADVICE FOR MATRICS – THE FINAL STRETCH!
Take a deep breath !
Don't focus on what you haven't done in the past.
Put that behind you and start today! Give it your all – it is well worth it!
TIMETABLE
– Draw up a timetable of study days and times. As soon as you receive your
actual exam timetable, revise your schedule to ensure focussed preparation
and awareness of time.
ROUTINE
— Routine is really important. Start early in the morning, at the same
time every day, and don't work beyond 11 at night.
Arrange some 1 hour and some 2 hour sessions.
Schedule more difficult pieces of work for early in the day and
easier bits for later when you're tired.
Reward yourself with an early night now and again!
Allow some time for physical exercise – at least ½ hour a day.
Walking, jogging (or skipping when it rains) will improve your
concentration.
'NO-NO'S'
˜ Stay away from
■ your phone (maximum ½ hour)
■ the television (maximum ½ hour)
■ Facebook and any other social networks – NONE!
■ the sun – NONE!
All these break down your commitment, focus and energy.
PLANNING
™ Spend a day just planning the work for your subjects.
Take each one and write down what needs to be done for each.
Allocate specific pieces of work to each session on your timetable.
Motivation will not be a problem once you've done this, because you will see that you
need to use every minute!
COMMUNICATE
š Tell your family about your timetable. Paste it on your door, so that no one disturbs you.
Your parents won't nag you once they see you taking responsibility and doing your best.
WORK FOCUS
› Don't worry about marks. Just focus on the work and the marks will take care of
themselves. Worrying is tiring and time-wasting and gets in the way of doing your
work! Your marks will be okay if you work hard.
Copyright © The Answer
EXAM PREPARATION
While working past papers is excellent preparation for any exam – and The Answer Series
provides these – WORKING ON ONE TOPIC AT A TIME is most effective, particularly as you
build up your confidence. The Answer Series provides thorough topic treatment for all subjects.
A GREAT STUDY TIP
Don't just read through work! Study a section and then, on your own, write down all you can
remember. Knowing that you're going to do this makes you study in a logical, alert way.
You're then only left to learn the few things which you left out. This applies to all subjects.
THE EXAMS
Finally, for the exams themselves, make sure you have all you need, don't arrive too early and
allow yourself to be upset by panicking friends. Plan your time in the exam well – allowing some
time to check at the end. Whatever you do, don't allow yourself to get stuck on any difficult
issues in the exam. Move on, and rather come back to problem questions if you have time left.
If you're finding an exam difficult, just continue to do your absolute best right until the end!
YOUR APPROACH
The most important thing of all is to remain positive throughout until the entire exam
session is over. Some times will be tough, some exams WILL BE TOUGH, but in the end,
your results will reflect all the effort that you have put in.
ABOUT PREPARING FOR THE MATHS EXAM
– Try each problem on your own first – no matter how inadequately – before
consulting the solutions. It is only by encountering the difficulties which you
personally have that you will be able, firstly, to pin-point them, and then, secondly,
to rectify them (and be receptive to learning) (i.e. "Make your mistakes, see what
they are and then make sure you don't make them again!!)
— Learn to keep asking yourself "why"?
It is when you learn to REASON that you really start enjoying maths and,
quite coincidentally, start doing well at it!!
Answers are by no means the most important thing in mathematics.
When you've done a problem, don't be satisfied only to check the answer.
Check also on your layout and reasoning (logic). Systematic, to-the-point,
logical and neat presentation is very important.
˜ Despair can destroy your mathematics. Mathematics should be taken on as a continual
challenge (or not at all!). Teach your ego to suffer the "knocks" which it may receive – like
a poor test result. Instead of being negative about your mistakes (e.g. "I'll never be able to
do these sums"), learn from them and let them help you to understand.
™ Work with a friend occasionally. Discussing mathematics makes it alive and enjoyable.
We wish you the best of luck in the busy time which lies ahead and hope that
this book will be the key to your success – enjoy it!!
Anne Eadie and Gretel Lampe
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 1

Q
GR 12 MATHS - EXAM QUESTION PAPERS
1
2.3 Gina plans to start a fitness programme 4.2 Pumla took a mortgage loan of R850 000 to buy a
This exam is the 7th CAPS-constructed Exam by going for a run each Sunday. house and was required to pay equal monthly
(paper G1) in our Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 Study guide. On the first Sunday she runs 1 km instalments for 30 years. She was charged interest
and plans to increase the distance at 8% p.a., compounded monthly.
PAPER 1 by 750 m each Sunday. When Gina
4.2.1 Show that her monthly instalment was R6 237. (4)
reaches 10 km, she will continue to run
10 km each Sunday thereafter. 4.2.2 Calculate the outstanding balance on her loan
You may use an approved non-programmable and at the end of the first year. (3)
non-graphical calculator, unless otherwise stated. 2.3.1 Calculate the distance that Gina will run on
Round off your answers to ONE decimal digit where necessary. the 9th Sunday. (3) 4.2.3 Hence calculate how much of the R74 844
(This exam is IEB-based) that she paid during the first year, was taken
2.3.2 Determine on which Sunday Gina will first run
by the finance company as payment towards
10 km. (2)
SECTION A the interest it charged. (3) [13]
2.3.3 Calculate the total distance that Gina will
QUESTION 1 run over the first 24 Sundays. (4) [18]
1.1 Solve for x : SECTION B
2
1.1.1 (x + 2) = 3x(x - 2) QUESTION 3 QUESTION 5
giving your answers correct to one decimal digit. (4) 2
3.1 Given : f (x) = 6x , determine f ′(x) from first principles. (4) 12
2 5.1 2 is a special number in music.
1.1.2 x - 9x ≥ 36 (4)
x x-2 4 2
1.1.3 3 – 3 = 72 (4) 3.2 Determine f ′ (x) given f(x) = 3 x + 7 x2 - 5 x . On an idealised piano, the frequency f (n)
2x th
of the n key, in Hertz, is given by
1.2 Given : (2m - 3)(n + 5) = 0 Leave your answer with positive exponents. (3)
Solve for : f (n) = ( 12 2 )n - 49 % 440.
3 2
1.2.1 n if m = 1 (1) 3.3 Given : f (x) = x - 7x + 7x + 15 rd
5.1.1 Calculate the frequency of the 73 key. (2)
1.2.2 m if n ≠ - 5 (1) Determine the average gradient of the curve
1.2.3 m if n = - 5 (2) 5.1.2 Determine which key has a frequency of
between the points where x = -1 and x = 1. (3) [10] 3 520 Hz. (4)
1.3 Solve for x : ( x - 1 - 3 )( x - 1 + 2 ) =0 (3) [19]

EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 1

QUESTION 2
6 in a bank.
2k - 1
2.1 Evaluate : ∑ (3)
k=2 k
2.2 The number of members of a new social networking
site doubles every day. On day 1 there were
27 members and on day 2 there were 54 members.
2.2.1 Calculate the number of members there were
on day 12.
2.2.2 The site earns half a cent per member per day.
Calculate the amount of money that the site
earned in the first 12 days. Give your answer to
the nearest Rand.
QUESTION 4
4.1.1 Joe invested a sum of R50 000
We trust that working through these
The investment remained in exam papers and following our detailed
answers and comments will help you
the bank for 15 years, earning
interest at a rate of 6% p.a., prepare thoroughly for your final exam.
compounded annually. The Answer Series study guides offer a key
Calculate the amount at the end of 15 years. (2) to exam success in several major subjects.
(2) In particular, Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 offers
4.1.2 Financial gain is defined as the difference between
'spot-on' exam practice in separate topics and
the final value of an investment and the contribution.
on CAPS-constructed Maths exam papers.
Determine the financial gain of Joe's investment. (1)
(4)
1 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 1
5.2 Refer to the figure showing the graphs of f (x) = 3x - 1 6.2 Hence write down the equation of the tangent at B. (1) 8.3 Determine how far D should be from O in order that
Q x
and g(x) = 2 intersecting at A(1; 2) and B(3; 8). 6.3 Determine a simplified expression for the x-coordinate
the area of ΔOBD is as large as possible. (5)
C(2,1 ; 4,3) is a point on g, coordinates rounded to of C. (4) 8.4 Hence, calculate the area of ΔOBD when D is the
1 one decimal digit, such that the tangent to g at C is
parallel to f. 6.4 D is the midpoint of the line segment between
A and B. Show that CD is parallel to the y-axis. (2) [12]
point determined in Question 8.3. (2) [12]

y QUESTION 9
B QUESTION 7 y Refer to the figure showing the graph of f (x) = - x + 4x
2

Refer to the figure, showing followed by a number of decreasing sized parabolas.

the graph of a cubic function : f The height of each turning point as well as the difference
f
between the x-intercepts of each parabola is 3 of that of
3 2
C f (x) = ax + bx + cx + d
A 4
F E the previous parabola.
g h A(- 6; 0), B(-1; 0), C(2; 0) A B C x
O x O y
and F(0; 24) are intercepts -6 -1 2
with the axes, with D and E
E as turning points. F
D f G

-1
5.2.1 Determine the equations of y = f (x) and
-1
y = g (x). (4) O x
A B C D H
7.1 Show that a = - 2, b = -10, c = 16 and d = 24. (5)
5.2.2 Use the above graphs to determine the values
of x for each of the following : 9.1 Determine the coordinates of A and E. (6)
7.2 Determine the coordinates of D. (5)
(i) f (x) < g(x) (2)
-1 7.3 Suppose that the graph is translated in such a way 9.2 Show that the coordinates of G are ⎛⎜ 65 ; 9 ⎞⎟ . (6)
(ii) g (x) < 0 (2) ⎝ 8 4⎠
that the point D is moved to the origin. That is, the new
-1 -1
(iii) f (x) = g (x) (2) graph has equation y = f (x - p) + q, where p and q
9.3 Determine the equation of the third parabola passing
are constants.
(iv) g ′ (x) > f ′ (x) (2) [18] through B, G and C, leaving your answer in the form
2
Write down the values of p and q. (2) [12] y = a(x - p) + q. (4)
Note : Be careful to note the difference between f -1,
the inverse function, and f ′, the derivative. QUESTION 8 9.4 Suppose that decreasing parabolas are constructed
indefinitely in the same way as the first few that are
Refer to the figure showing y shown. Determine whether all the parabolas will fit
the parabola given by
EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 1

QUESTION 6 2
on OH, where OH = 15. (3) [19]
f (x) = 4 - x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.
f
y 4
Refer to the figure showing the
2
graph of f (x) = x . f
D is the point (x ; 0) and B
A and B are any two different DB is parallel to the y-axis,
points on the parabola. B with B on the graph of f. Maths is easier than you thought !
The tangents at A and B O x
D D(x; 0) The Answer Series offers excellent material
intersect at C.
A for Maths (Gr 10 - 12).
Given the x-coordinate of A is k O x
8.1 Write down the coordinates of B in terms of x. (2) Visit our website www.theanswer.co.za
and the x-coordinate of B is m.
C
6.1 Show that the equation of 8.2 Show that the area, A, of ΔOBD is given by :
3
the tangent at A can be A = 2x – x . (3)
2
written as : y = 2k x - k . (5) 8
Copyright © The Answer 2
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 2
QUESTION 10 1.2 An ogive was constructed from the given data.
10.1 If A and B are independent events, find the values of
This exam is the 7th CAPS-constructed Exam Construct a box-and-whisker plot on the scaled axis Q
x and y. All working must be shown. (paper G2) in our Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 Study guide. below the ogive, to summarise the given data. (3)

PAPER 2 y
2
A B 100

You may use an approved non-programmable and

Number of employees
x 0,1 0,3
non-graphical calculator, unless otherwise stated.
y Round off your answers to ONE decimal digit where necessary.
(This exam is IEB-based)
50
(5)
QUESTION 1
10.2 The table summarises the results of all the language The following table gives the frequency distribution of the
tests taken at a Language Centre in Cape Town
daily travelling time (in minutes) from home to work for the
during the first week of January.
employees of a certain company.
O x
Male Female Totals 10 20 30 40 50
Daily travelling time x
Pass 32 43 75 Number of employees Daily travelling time in minutes
(in minutes)
Fail 8 15 23
0 ≤ x < 10 20
Total 40 58 98
O
10 ≤ x < 20 35
10 20 30 40 50
A person is chosen at random from those who took 20 ≤ x < 30 30
their test during the first week of January. 1.3 State whether the following is TRUE or FALSE.
30 ≤ x < 40 10
10.2.1 Find the probability that the person was a 1.3.1 The distribution of these travelling times is skewed
40 ≤ x < 50 5
positively.
male who failed. (2)
1.1 Circle the correct answer for the following questions : 1.3.2 The inter-quartile range for this data is 25.
10.2.2 The person chosen is a female. Find the
1.1.1 The estimated mean time (in minutes) taken by 1.3.3 Only 35 employees take less than 20 minutes. (3) [10]
probability that she passed the test. (2) [9]
employees is :
A 14,5 B 19,5 C 16,7 D 24,5 (2) QUESTION 2
QUESTION 11
1.1.2 The estimated standard deviation for the time Mr Ryan is a retired teacher who supplements his pension by
All answers containing factorials must be calculated
(in minutes) is : mowing lawns for customers who live in his neighbourhood.
e.g. : 4 ! = 24

EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 2

A 10,57 B 14,14 C 114,75 D 10,71 (2) As part of a review of his charges for this work, he measures
2
11.1 In how many ways can the letters of the word the approximate areas (x) (in m ) of a random sample of 12
Geometry be arranged, if the letter G is at the of his customers' lawns and notes the time (y) in minutes,
beginning? (3) We trust that working through these that it takes him to mow these lawns.
exam papers and following our detailed
His results are shown in the table.
11.2 Three men (Piet, Jabu and John) and 2 women answers and comments will help you
(Sipho and Jane) are to stand in a straight line to prepare thoroughly for your final exam. Area (x)
2 360 120 845 602 1190 530 245 486 350 1 005 320 250
have their group photograph taken. (m )
The Answer Series study guides offer a key
Find the probability that Piet stands next to Time (y)
to exam success in several major subjects. 50 28 130 75 120 95 55 70 48 110 55 60
Sipho and Jabu stands next to Jane. (5) [8] (minutes)
In particular, Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 offers
'spot-on' exam practice in separate topics and 2.1 Use your calculator to determine the equation of the
TOTAL : 150
on CAPS-constructed Maths exam papers. least squares regression line. Give your answers correct
to 4 decimal digits. (4)
3 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 2
2.2 Calculate the value of r, the correlation coefficient for QUESTION 4 5.2 Simplify as far as possible :
Q
y
the data, correct to 4 decimal digits. (2) sin(180º - A)
4.1 In the diagram alongside, (4)
a circle has a diameter cos(90º + A) + sin(360º - A)
2.3 Given that Mr Ryan charges a flat call out fee of R150,
2 as well as R50 per half hour (or part thereof), estimate
the charge for mowing a customer's lawn that has an
with equation y = 2x + 3.
The tangent at point E y = 2x + 3
5.3 In the diagram alongside, y
2
T(8; k) is a point in the
area of 560 m . on the circle cuts the E first quadrant.
(For example : 100 minutes would be taken as 2 hours) (3) x-axis at F(12; 0). T(8; k)
If tan β = 1 , determine
4 β
2.4 The local high school wants Mr Ryan to mow their Determine the x
O x without using a calculator : O
rugby field which is rectangular, 100 metres long by coordinates F(12; 0)
70 metres wide. Should you use the regression equation of E. (6) 5.3.1 the value of k. (2)
found in Question 2.1 to calculate the time it would take
5.3.2 the value of sin β.
to mow this area? Leave your answer in simplified surd form. (3)
Give a reason for your answer. (2) [11] 4.2 In the diagram below, two circles are drawn.
Circle O touches circle centre B externally. 5.4 Simplify without the use of a calculator :
QUESTION 3 cos(45º - θ)
The equation of the circle centre the origin is given by – tan θ. (5) [17]
3.1 In the diagram below, ΔSAO has vertices S(12; 16), 2 2 cos 45º . cos θ
x + y = 45.
A(4; 16) and O(0; 0).
The equation of the circle centre B is given by QUESTION 6
K is the midpoint of AS and AT is perpendicular to OS 2 2
(x - 2p) + (y + p) = 20.
with T a point on OS. 6.1 The graphs of y = cos ax and y = tan bx are sketched
y for x ∈ [ 0º; 180º ] .
AT and OK meet at R.
y
y
A(4; 16) K S(12; 16) 5
1
R 4
O x
1 3

T 2
B 1 G K
2
O x
30º 60º 90º 120º 150º 180º
-1
O 1 x -2
Determine the value of p. (5) -3
EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 2

3.1.1 Determine the coordinates of K and hence -4

4.3 Prove that the radius of the circle having equation
the equation of line OK. (5) -5
x2 + y2 + 4x cos θ + 8y sin θ + 3 = 0 can never
3.1.2 Determine the gradient of OS and hence the
exceed 13 for any value of θ. (5) [16]
equation of line AT in the form y = mx + c. (4) 6.1.1 Write down the period of y = cos ax. (1)

6.1.2 Write down the value of a. (1)

3.1.3 Determine, correct to one decimal digit, QUESTION 5
the size of :
ˆ = 0,726 and 180º < Ĝ < 360º. 6.1.3 Write down the period of y = tan bx. (1)
ˆ ˆ 5.1 Given : cos G
(a) O 1 (b) O 2 (2)(3)
5.1.1 Use a calculator to determine Ĝ, correct to 6.1.4 Write down the value of b. (1)
(c) Hence, or otherwise, determine the size one decimal digit. (2)
ˆ and Kˆ .
of R (3)
(3 )
1 1
5.1.2 Hence determine the value of tan 2 G
ˆ + 100º ,
3.2 If B(- 8; 4) and D(4; - 8), determine the equation
correct to three decimal digits. (1)
of the circle having BD as a diameter. (4) [21]
Copyright © The Answer 4
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 2
6.2 The graphs of f (x) = 2 sin x, g(x) = 1,5 cos x and QUESTION 9 QUESTION 10
h(x) = 4 tan x are drawn for x ∈ [ 0º; 60º ] . In each case below, you are given a statement and a From a point A outside the circle, centre O, two tangents AD Q
y reason that are true for the incomplete diagram. and AV are drawn. AO and VD meet in M.
8 Complete the diagram, showing what was necessary so
that the statement and the reason are true.
BOD is a diameter of the circle. BV and VO are drawn.
2
7 Let Aˆ 1 + Aˆ 2 = 40º.
P
9.1 Statement :
6 ˆ = 2ACB.
AOB ˆ V
1 3
5 O B 2 1 A
Reason : 2

4
ø at centre equals
3M
3 2 % ø at the circumference. (1) 12 1
2 4
3
O
2
Q 9.2 Statement :
1
1 2
TS = SP.
D
O x O
15º 30º 45º 60º
Reason :

6.2.1 Determine the coordinates of P in simplest line from centre

surd form. (2) perpendicular to chord. (1) 10.1 Complete the following table :

6.2.2 Determine the coordinates of Q correct to Statement Reason

two decimal digits. (4) [10] 9.3 Statement : ˆ = 90º
10.1.1 ADO
ˆ = T̂.
BAD
QUESTION 7 ˆ = 90º
10.1.2 BVD
In ΔPQR below, PQ = 2 and QR = 1. Reason : (2)
S is the midpoint of PQ. R tan chord theorem. (1) [3] 10.2 Calculate, with reasons, the size of :
A
ˆ = α and RSQ
PRS ˆ = θ. α
10.2.1 Dˆ 1 ˆ
10.2.2 O (2)
1
1
10.3 Prove, with reasons, that BV is parallel to OA,
θ Q
P 1 i.e. BV || OA. (3) [11]
1 S

EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 2

7.1 Determine P̂ in terms of θ and α. (1)
QUESTION 11
7.2 Show that tan θ = 3 tan α. (6) [7]
In the diagram, which
C 2 1 J
is not drawn to scale,
1
QUESTION 8 KLJC is a trapezium with
In ΔLMN, LM = 5 units, LN = 2x units and MN = 3x units. KL || CJ.

5 - x2 CK = 24 cm, KL = 8 cm,
8.1 Prove that cos L = (4)
4x LJ = 12 cm, JC = 32 cm and
1
KJ = 16 cm. 1 2
8.2 Give the restrictions for cos L if L̂ is obtuse. (2)
K L
8.3 Is it possible for x to be equal to 6? (1)

8.4 If x = 3, calculate the area of ΔLMN, rounded Determine the ratio : Area of ΔKLJ . [5]
off to one decimal digit. (4) [11] Area of CKLJ
5 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam: Paper 2
QUESTION 12 QUESTION 13
Q In the figure below AE is a diameter of circle ANE. Two circles intersect at D and E. Chord RE of the smaller
Note : This paper doesn't include questions on
BOOKWORK, i.e. proofs of theorems
ˆ circle is a tangent to the larger circle at E. N is a point on or trig formulae.
L is a point on AN and LE bisects AEN.
2 Let Eˆ 1 = Eˆ 2 = x.
the small circle. Expect the final exam to include bookwork
(up to a maximum of 12 marks).
N
R
2 1
D QUESTION 14
L 2 1
ˆ = 90º and AC ⊥ BD.
1 2 3 In the figure BAD
1
2 E A
2 A
1

1 1 3
A 2 2
N
2 1
3
E
B D
D C

NE produced meets a line from A parallel to LE, in D. 14.1 Complete, without giving reasons, the following :
Hence LE || AD.
ΔABD ||| Δ . . . . . . . ||| Δ . . . . . . . (2)

12.1 Complete the following table : V

AB
14.2.1 = BD . . . (ΔABD ||| Δ . . . . . . .)
Statement Reason BC AB
EN and RD are produced to meet the bigger circle at A.
Eˆ 1 = D̂ RN, ED and DN are drawn.
2
â AB = . . . . . . . (2)
Eˆ 2 = Aˆ 2
V is a point on the larger circle and AV and EV are drawn. AD
14.2.2 = BD . . . (ΔABD ||| Δ . . . . . . .)
â AE = ED CD AD
13.1 Complete the following table : 2
(3) â AD = . . . . . . . (2)
Statement Reason
12.2 If NE = 12 units and the diameter of the circle is 2 2 2
ˆ = Eˆ 14.3 Now prove that AB + AD = BD . (2) [8]
N1 2 (1)
EXAM PAPERS: PAPER 2

20 units, calculate giving reasons :

12.2.1 AN (3) Eˆ 2 = Aˆ 2 TOTAL : 150
(1)
12.2.2 AL (4) [10] â Nˆ 1 = Aˆ 2

13.2 Prove Dˆ 1 = Eˆ 1 + Eˆ 2 . (2)

13.3 Prove, with reasons, that ΔEDR ||| ΔAER. (3)

13.4 If 2AV = DR . AR and ER = 3 cm, find the

length of AV. (3) [10]

Copyright © The Answer 6

 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 1

M
GR 12 MATHS – EXAM MEMOS
1
1.3 ( x - 1 - 3 )( x - 1 + 2 ) = 0 2.3
NB: Note the units : they must be the same.
PAPER 1 ² x-1 = 3 ... x - 1 ≠ -2 ä ≥ 0 by definition So, convert 750 m to 0,75 km.
CAPS-constructed, IEB-based Exam â x-1 = 9
â x = 10  1 ; 1,75 ; 2,5 ; . . . ; 10 ; 10 ; 10 ; . . .

SECTION A 2.3.1 a = 1 ; d = 0,75 ; n = 9 ; T9 ? . . . A.S.

2.1
2 • ∑ means 'the SUM of the terms'. Tn = a + (n - 1) d ² T9 = 1 + (9 - 1)(0,75)
1.1.1 (x + 2) = 3x(x - 2) 6
2 2 • = 7
x + 4x + 4 = 3 x - 6x
â ∑
k =2
means substitute k = 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 to
2 â 7 km 
â 0 = 2x - 10x - 4 obtain 5 terms (which then need to be added).
2
÷ 2) â x - 5x - 2 = 0
2.3.2 n ? ; Tn = 10 ; a = 1 ; d = 0,75
- (- 5) ± (- 5)2 - 4(1)(- 2)
â x = 6
2k - 1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 a + (n - 1) d = Tn ² 1 + (n - 1)(0,75) = 10
2(1)
∑ = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
k=2 k 2 3 4 5 6 â 0,75n - 0,75 = 9
5 ± 33
â x = 2 â 0,75n = 9,75
2 = + 4 + 8
+ 15
+ 32
2 3 4 5 6 â n = 13
j 5,4 or - 0,4  . . . correct to 1 dec. digit
= 1 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 51 â The 13th Sunday 
3 3
1.1.2 x2 - 9x - 36 ≥ 0 (x + 3)(x - 12) : = 193 (j 12,9) 
15 2.3.3 The total distance = S13 + (11 % 10) km
â (x + 3)(x - 12) ≥ 0 + - +
n 13
-3 12 Sn = [2a + (n - 1)d] ² S13 = [2(1) + (13 - 1)(0,75)]
NB : - 3 ≥ x ≥ 12 is not a valid 2.2 G.S. : 27 ; 54 ; . . . 2 2
notation. (Two 'pieces' â x ≤ -3 or x ≥ 12  = 71,5
on the number line must In 2.2.1 : we need to determine T12
â The total distance = 181,5 km 
be written separately.) In 2.2.2 : we need to determine S12
th
x x -2 NB: Distinguish between : Note: After the 13 week, the distance remained
1.1.3 3 - 3 .3 = 72
th 10 km every Sunday. So, the last 11 terms are all 10 km.
1⎞
x ⎛1 - Study and practice T12 : the 12 term & S12 : the sum of 12 terms
â 3 ⎜⎝ ⎟
9 ⎠ = 72 Exponents very thoroughly. â The sum of the distances = S13 + (11 % 10)

EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 1

x
â 3 . 8 = 72 2.2.1 a = 27 ; r = 2 ; T12 ? ; n = 12
9 12 - 1
9⎞ x Tn = a . r n - 1 ² T12 = 27.2
% ⎟ â 3 = 81
8⎠ = 55 296  Our solutions are set out in such a way as to
â x =4  promote thorough understanding and logic !
2.2.2 S12 ? ; n = 12 ; a = 27 ; r = 2
1.2.1 If m = 1, then 1.2.2 If n ≠ - 5, then n + 5 ≠ 0 We trust that this package will help you grow
a(r n - 1 ) [ 12 ]
[2(1) - 3] (n + 5) = 0 so, 2m - 3 must equal 0 Sn = ² S12 = 27 2 - 1 in confidence as you prepare for your exams.
r -1 2-1
â -1 (n + 5) = 0 â 2m = 3 The Answer Series study guides have been
= 110 565
â n+5
â m = 3 
= 0 the key to exam success for many learners.
â n = -5  2 1
cent per member, therefore :
2 Visit our website to find appropriate
1.2.3 If n = - 5, then n + 5 = 0 Amount earned = 55 282,5 cents resources for your success !
so, 2m - 3 can have any real value
= R552,825
â m∈R  . . . i.e. m can have any (real) value
www.theanswer.co.za
j R553  . . . to the nearest rand
7 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 1
3.3 f(x) = x3 - 7x2 + 7x + 15 4.2.1 PV = R850 000 ; i = 8% = 0,08 ; n = 30 % 12 = 360 ; x?
M
3.1
NB: Notation is very important. 2 layout methods 12 12
have been shown. Stick to the one or the other 3 2
â f(-1) = (-1) - 7(-1) + 7(-1) + 15
You could STO re 0,08 in A memory.
and clearly demonstrate your understanding
= 0

1
of the definition of a derivative. 12
3 2 It would be useful throughout Q 4.2.
& f(1) = 1 - 7(1) + 7(1) + 15
2
f(x) = 6x = 1 - 7 + 7 + 15
2 x ⎡⎣1 - (1 + i) -n ⎤⎦ the Present
â f(x + h) = 6(x + h) = 16
Method 1 : Using PV = . . . value formula
2 2 i
= 6(x + 2xh + h ) - 360 ⎤
NB: The average gradient does not ⎡
2
= 6x + 12xh + 6h
2
involve the derivatives ;
x ⎢1 - ⎛⎜ 1 + 0,08 ⎞⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦
2 â 850 000 =
â f(x + h) - f(x) = 12xh + 6h only f (1), f (- 1) and 0,08
f(x + h) - f(x ) x = 1 and x = - 1. 12
â = 12x + 6h
h â 850 000 = x % 136,283 494 1
y2 - y1
Use m = . 850 000
f(x + h) - f(x ) x2 - x1 â x =
f ′(x) = lim = lim (12x + 6h) 136,28...
h →0 h h →0
= 6 236,998... j R6 237 
the definition of a derivative = 12 x  Average gradient =
f (1) - f (-1)
Method 2 : Using the Future value formula
1 - (-1)
360
n 0,08 ⎞
f(x + h) - f(x ) = 16 - 0 FV = PV (1 + i)  FV = 850 000 ⎛⎜ 1 + ⎟
OR : f ′ (x) = lim . . . the definition of 2 ⎝ 12 ⎠
h→0 h a derivative j R9 295 370,209 . . . STore in A
2 2 = 8 
6(x + h) - 6x ⎡ 360 ⎤
= lim x ⎢⎛⎜ 1 + 0,08 ⎞
- 1⎥
h→0 h ⎟
x [(1 + i ) n - 1] ⎣⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦
4. & FV =  FV =
6(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) - 6x2 NB: Whereas the general instruction for the i 0,08
= lim
h→0 h paper is to round off to 1 decimal digit, this 12

6x2 + 12xh + 6h2 - 6x2

does not apply to money where we round j x . 1490,359 . . . STore in B
= lim off to 2 decimal digits, indicating cents.
h→0 h A= x.B  x = A j R6 237 
B
2
= lim 12xh + 6h 4.1.1 P = R50 000 ; n = 15 ; i = 6% = 6
= 0,06 ; A ?
h→0 h 100 4.2.2 The outstanding balance can
= lim (12x + 6h) A = P(1 + i)
n
 A = 50 000(1 + 0,06)
15 be calculated in 2 different ways :
h→0
Method 1 : Present value or
j R119 827,91 
= 12 x  Method 2 : Future value
EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 1

4.1.2 The financial gain = R119 827,91 - R50 000

3x 4 7x 2 Method 1 : Using the Present value formula
3.2 f(x) = 2
+ - 5x2 ... NB: Write the given = R69 827,91 
2x 2x 2 2x fraction as an After 1 year (12 months) :
expression of 0,08
; n = 29 % 12 = 348 remaining payments
= 3 7
- 5
PV ? ; i =
x2 + x-1 3 terms. Our solutions are set out in such a way as to 12
2 2 2
promote thorough understanding and logic ! The outstanding balance on the loan
â f ′ (x) = 3 . 2x + 0 - 5 (- x )
-2 = the 'present value' (after 1 year) of the
2 2
We trust that this package will help you grow
in confidence as you prepare for your 348 remaining payments

= 3x + 5
 ...
5 -2
. x = 5 % 12 = 52 exams. The Answer Series study guides x ⎣⎡1 - (1 + i) -n ⎦⎤
=
2 x2 2 2 x 2x have been the key to exam success for i
many learners. Visit our website to find ⎡ - 348 ⎤
⎛ 0,08 ⎞
appropriate resources for your success ! 6 237 ⎢1 - ⎜ 1 + ⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦
= j R842 899,56 
www.theanswer.co.za 0,08
12
Copyright © The Answer 8
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 1
Method 2 : Using the Future value formula 5.2.1 6.1
f - 1 (x),
M
Note the difference between the inverse of You have been given the answer. Show how to
0,08 ⎞
12
a function and f ′(x), the derivative of a function. arrive at the answer (5 marks ! ). [ The given
A 1yr = 850 000 ⎛⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠ answer is not to be used for your calculation ! ]
Equation of f : y = 3x - 1
1
= 920 549,58 . . . value of loan after 1 year
2
â Equation of f - 1 : x = 3y - 1 The point A(k ; . . .) lies on the graph y = x
⎡⎛ 12 ⎤ 2
0,08 ⎞
6 237 ⎢⎜ 1 + ⎟ - 1⎥ â - 3y = - x - 1 â yA = k
⎣⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦ total of payments made 2
â y = 1 x + 1 , i.e. f - 1 (x) = 1 x + 1  â Point A is (k; k )
& FV = ...
0,08 during the1st year ÷ (- 3) :
3 3 3 3
12 The gradient of the tangent to f for any x is 2x
= R77 650,19 x . . . the derivative
Equation of g : y = 2
Outstanding Balance = 920 549,58 – 77 650,19 y â The gradient of the tangent to f where x = k is 2k ... = m
â Equation of g - 1 : x= 2
= R842 899,39 
â y = log2 x, i.e. g - 1 (x) = log2 x  The equation of the tangent is : y = mx + c
2
â k = (2k)(k) + c
4.2.3 st y 2 2
Note : The amount she paid during the 1 year, 5.2.2 (i) x < 1 or x > 3  . . . f below g â k = 2k + c
y=x 2
R74 844 = 12 % R6 237 -1 g â -k = c
(ii) 0 < x < 1  . . . g below (0; 1) -1 2
the x-axis g Substitute m = 2k and c = - k in y = mx + c :
The initial loan - the outstanding balance O 2
(1; 0) x â y = 2kx - k 
= R850 000 - R842 899,56 'Use the graph' means 'read
= R7 100,44 . . . the amount by which the loan was reduced the solutions off the graph'. 6.2
(Only 2 marks each). 'Hence write down' (for 1 mark) means use the
st
â Amount toward the interest (in the 1 year) No complicated algebra is required. previous finding (in Q6.1). No working is required.
= the amount paid -- the reduction in the loan
= R74 844 - R7 100,44
(iii)
xB = m The process will be identical to that in 6.1
Note : f & g intersect at A(1; 2) & B(3; 8).
= R67 743,56  -1 -1
â f &g intersect at (2; 1) & (8; 3) â The equation of the tangent to f at B is :
As the years go by, the ratio of interest 2
to capital paid off decreases. y = 2mx - m 
â x = 2 or 8 
y -1
f 6.3 At C :
SECTION B Confirm by determining
1
(2; 1) (8; 3) y = 2k x - k
2
and y = 2m x - m
2
-1 -1
f (x) & g (x) 2 2
â 2k x - k = 2mx - m
3
O
5.1 Be meticulous in writing down for x = 2 & x = 8. -1 g
-1
x â 2kx - 2mx = k - m
2 2 The solution of a linear
the given expression correctly. literal equation in x
2 2
â 2x (k - m) = k - m is required in this
f (n) = ( 12 2 ) n - 49 % 440 ...
f (n) is the (iv) x > 2,1 (k + m) (k - m) question. Make x the
x =

EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 1

th ÷ 2(k - m) : â
frequency of the n key 2 (k - m) subject ! Note the
5.1.1 f (73) = ( 12 2 )73 - 49 % 440 h || f ² h ′ (x) = f ′ (x), i.e. h and f have equal gradients factorisation required.
â xC = k +m 
j 1 760 Hz  Before point C (where x < 2,1) : g ′ (x) < h ′ (x) 2

( 12 2 ) n - 49 % 440 At point C (where x = 2,1) : g ′ (x ) = h ′ (x )

5.1.2 f (n) = 3 520 ² = 3 520 6.4
After point C (where x > 2,1) : g ′ (x) > h ′ (x) and so
NB: xD = xC ² C and D lie on a vertical line,
n - 49
â ( 12
2) = 8 i.e. || y-axis.
g ′ (x ) > f ′ (x )
x â n - 49 = log 12 2 8
b =N xA + x B
xD = = k+m . . . midpoint formula
² x = logb N log 8 2 2
=
log 12
2 â xD = xC
= 36
â CD is parallel to the y-axis 
â n = 85
th
â The 85 key 
9 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 1
7.1 9.2
M
Again, as in question 6.1, you have been given the 8.2 Again (as in Q6.1 and 7.1), do not work from the given answer. Again, (like Q8.2, 7.1 and 6.2), do not work from the
answer (to ensure that you proceed correctly for the given answer. Calculate xC and yG as indicated below.
rest of the question.) You need to SHOW how to A = 1 OD.BD ... The area of Δ = 1 base % height,
2
arrive at this answer ! (5 marks). [The given values 2 OA = 4 ² AB = 3 of 4 = 3 ² BC = 3 of 3 = 9 = 2 1
1 are not to be used for your calculation in 6.1.] ⎛ 2⎞
= 1 x. ⎜ 4 - x ⎟
where the base, OD = x and 4 4 4 4
2 ⎝ 4 ⎠ 2 â xB = 7 and xC = 9 1 1
the height, BD = yB = 4 - x
... 2
The roots of the graph are : - 6 ; -1 and 2 4 4 3 4
3 4
= 2x - x units 
2
â The equation of f is : y = a(x + 6)(x + 1)(x - 2) 1 1
O A B C
8 7 + 94 16 4
Subst. F(0; 24) : â 24 = a(6)(1)(- 2) â xG = = = 8 1 = 65
= 2x - 1 x units 2 2 8 8
2 2
â 24 = - 12a
8
â a
Sim., yE = 4 ² yF = 3 of 4 = 3 ² yG = 3 of 3 = 9 = 2 1
= -2
4 4 4 4
Substitute a = - 2 : y = - 2(x + 6)(x + 1)(x - 2) 8.3
Note: A = 2x - 1 x
3
2 8
â y = - 2(x + 7x + 6)(x - 2)
1 â G ⎛⎜ 65 ; 2 1 ⎞⎟ 
â A ′ = 2 - 1 (3x )
3 2 2 2 ⎝ 8 4⎠
â y = - 2(x - 2x + 7x - 14x + 6x - 12) 8
. . . keep the coefficient,
8
3 2
â y = - 2(x + 5x - 8x - 12) = 2- 3 x2 aside, at first
3 2 8
9.3 Equation of the 3rd parabola : NB: Do not assume
â y = - 2x - 10x + 16x + 24 2 that a = - 1.
y = a(x - p) + q
â a = - 2 ; b = -10 ; c = 16 and d = 24  Maximum A occurs when A ′ = 0 2
â y = a ⎛⎜ x - 65 ⎞⎟ + 9 . . . see turning pt. G in 9.2
â 2 - 1 (3x ) = 0
2 ⎝ 8 ⎠ 4
7.2 At D (and at E) : f ′ (x ) = 0 The procedure : At point 8
2
â - 6x - 20x + 16 = 0 D, a turning point, the Substitute (7; 0) : . . . see xB in 9.2
â - 3 x = -2
2
2 derivative equals 0. Use
÷ (- 2) â 3x + 10x - 8 = 0 8 2
this fact to determine x D . â 0 = a ⎛⎜ 7 - 8 1 ⎞⎟ + 9
â (3x - 2)(x + 4) = 0 % ⎛⎜ - 8 ⎞⎟ â x = 16
2
⎝ 8⎠ 4
Then, find yD from the ⎝ 3⎠ 3
x = - 4 at D . . . x = 2 at E 1
2
â
3
equation in 7.1 : f (x) = . . .
â x = + 4
x 3 ... xD > 0 â - 9 = a ⎛⎜ -1 ⎞⎟
Not from f ′(x) ! 4 ⎝ 8⎠
yD = f(- 4) 3 3
3 2 â - 9 = a ⎛⎜ 81 ⎞⎟
= - 2(- 4) - 10(- 4) + 16(- 4) + 24 â x = +4 3 4 ⎝ 64 ⎠
3
= -72
â xD j 2,3 . . . â D(2,3; 0) % 64 ⎞⎟ â a = - 9 % 64
â Point D is (- 4; -72)  81 ⎠ 4 81
â D should be 2,3 units from O  â a = - 16
7.3 'Write down the values of p and q' (for 2 marks) as 9
instructed. Extensive manipulation is not required. (2,3) 3 2
8.4 Maximum A = 2(2,3) - 16 ⎛ 65 ⎞ 9
Use your understanding of horizontal translation. 8 â Equation: y = - ⎜x- ⎟ + 
2 9 ⎝ 8 ⎠ 4
j 3,1 units  . . . or : 16 3 units2 
EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 1

9
The translation of point D(- 4; -72) to O(0; 0) is Check your calculator expertise ! 9.4 S∞ of OA + AB + BC + CD + . . . NB: The parabolas
x: -4 → 0
= 4 + 3 + 9 + ...
. . . 4 units to the right are constructed
y : -72 → 0 2 4 'indefinitely',
. . . 72 units upwards 9.1 The equation of f : y = - x + 4x
= S∞ of a G.S. with a = 4 & r = 3
i.e. there is an
â p = 4 and q = 72  2
The x-intercepts : â 0 = - x + 4x 4 infinite number
of parabolas.
= 4 a
2
(Put y = 0) â x - 4x = 0 . . . S∞ =
8.1 1- 3 1- r â We use the
Point B lies on f ² If xB = x, then yB = f(x). â x (x - 4) = 0 4
sum to infinity, S∞.
â x = 4 at A . . . x = 0 at O = 4%4
DB || y-axis ² xB = xD = x
â A(4; 0)  = 16
2 2
B on the graph y = 4 - x ² yB = 4 - x The turning point, E : xA = 2 . . . halfway between the roots â All the parabolas won't fit on OH because OH = 15,
4 4
2
& yA = - 2 + 4(2) = - 4 + 8 = 4 which is < 16 
⎛ 2⎞
â Point B is ⎜ x ; 4 - x ⎟ 
⎝ 4 ⎠ â E(2; 4) 
Copyright © The Answer 10
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 2
10.1 If A and B are independent events :
M
2.3 The charge = the flat call out fee + R50 % the number of
P (A ∩ B) = P (A) . P (B) PAPER 2 half hours
â 0,1 = (x + 0,1)(0,1 + 0,3)
CAPS-constructed, IEB-based Exam This is what is called a STEP FUNCTION.
â 0,1 = (x + 0,1)(0,4)
÷ 0,4) â 0,25 = x + 0,1 If the area, x = 560 m2 2
â x = 0,15  then y = 28,314 3 + 0,088 4 (560) . . . the time in minutes
See Calculator Instructions on page 7 of the = 77,818 3 minutes
& y = 1 - (x + 0,1 + 0,3) . . . the complement of A∪ B Gr 12 Maths Bookwork download (or in the ÷ 30) = 2,593 94. . . half-hours
= 1 - 0,55 Gr 12 Maths 2 in 1 Study guide) to
= 0,45  j 3 half-hours
calculate the mean x, the standard deviation, σ n , the
â The charge = R150 + R50 % 3 = R150 + R150 = R300 
10.2.1 P (male/fail) = 8 = 4 j 0,08  ... 61 equation of the regression line, and the correlation coefficient.
98 49
2.4 The area, x (m2) = 100 m % 70 m = 7 000 m2
1.1.1 Estimated mean, x = 19,5
10.2.2 Given female, P (pass) = 43 j 0,74  ... 62
According to the regression equation :
58 â B 
No. of males failed The time, y (in minutes) = 28,314 3 + 0,082 4(7 000)
61
Total no. of people tested 1.1.2 Estimated standard deviation, σ n = 10,712... = 605,114 3 minutes
No. of females passed â D  ÷ 60) j 10,1 hours
62
Total no. of females tested
1.2 y But, no, one should not use the regression equation
because the value of x is too far outside the values used
100 to establish the regression line. 
11.1 G __ __ __ __ __ __
__ Extrapolation is
usually not reliable.

Number of employees
There are 8 letters in the word, but the first letter is 75
fixed. If the remaining 7 letters were all different,
4 + 12
then the number of arrangements 3.1.1 xK = = 8 . . . K midpoint AS
55 2
= 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 2 % 1 = 7 ! = 5 040 50 & y K = y A (= y S ) . . . AKS || x-axis
But, the e occurs twice y
= 16 K (8; 16)
â The number of arrangements = 7 ! = 2 520  â K (8; 16) 
2! 25

Note : • The arrangements include duplication because of Line OK : m OK = 16 = 2

8 8
e occurring in 2 spots O x
1 1 2 & y-intercept is (0; 0)
• The number of arrangements of n items = n ! ; 10 20 30 40 50
the number of arrangements of n items where r Daily travelling time (in minutes) â Equation of OK : y = 2x  O
16
x
are identical = n!

EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 2

r!
3.1.2 m OS = 16 = 4
O 12 3
11.2 The total number of ways in which 5 people could be lined 1012 1820 27
40 50
up is 5 ! = 120
30
â m AT = -3 . . . AT ⊥ OS
4
For Piet to be next to Sipho and Jabu next to Jane, it is 1.3.1 True  1.3.2 False  . . . IQR = 27 - 12 = 15
as though there are now 3 people that can be lined up in Substitute m = - 3 & A(4; 16) in
4
3 ! = 6 ways, BUT each pair could be in a different order, 1.3.3 False  . . . 55 employees take less than 20 minutes
y = mx + c OR : y - y 1 = m(x - x 1 )
â 2 ! ways for each pair.
â 16 = ⎛⎜ - 3 ⎞⎟ (4) + c â y - 16 = - 3 (x - 4)
â Conditional on the stated pairing, the number of ways the 2.1 The equation of the regression line : y = A + B x ⎝ 4⎠ 4
5 could be lined up is 3 ! 2 ! 2 ! = 24 â 19 = c 3
A = 28,14115058. . . & B = 0,08857785071. . .
each correct â y - 16 = - x+3
4
â The probability that both pairs 'happen' = 24 = 1  â The eqn. : y = 28,1412 + 0,0886 x  . . . to 4 dec. â Equation of AT :
3
120 5 digits â y = - x + 19 
y=-3 x + 19  4
4
2.2 r = 0,913502. . . j 0,9135  . . . correct to 4 dec. digits
11 Copyright © The Answer
 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 2
ˆ = m 4 4.1 Gradient of diameter = 2 tangent ⊥ diameter
M
3.1.3 (a) tan O 1 OS = . . . see 3.1.2 OR : y
3
â Gradient of tangent = - 1 ...  m tang. = - m 1
m OB =
-p
= -1
ˆ j 53,1º 
â O 2
1 . . . correct to 1 decimal digit diam. 2p 2
Equation of tangent :
ˆ = tan - 1 1
2 ˆ = m
(b) tan KOX
ˆ
OK = 2 . . . see 3.1.1
Subst. m = - 1 & F(12; 0) in
2
OR : y = m x + c
â Acute BOX
2 O
2p C
x
â KOX j 63,4º
â 0 = ⎛⎜ - 1 ⎞⎟ (12) + c
. . . correct to 1 decimal digit = 26,57º
y - y1 = m (x - x 1)
ˆ -O
ˆ = KOX ˆ j 10,3º  ⎝ 2⎠
B(2p; - p)
â O correct to 1 dec. digit In ΔOBC : OC = cos 26,57º
â y - 0 = - 1 (x - 12)
2 1 â 0 = -6 + c OB
2 â c = 6, etc.
ˆ s
(c) Rˆ 1 = 90º - O . . . ø of ΔROT or ext. ø of ΔRTO , 2p
â y = -1 â
2
x+6 5 5
= 0,894. . .
j 79,7º  . . . correct to 1 decimal digit 2
s E is the point of â p j 5 
ˆ
& Kˆ 1 = 180º - KOX . . . co-interior ø ; AS || x-axis , At E : y = - 1 x + 6 and y = 2x + 3 . . . intersection of
2
j 116,6º  , Basic geometry the 2 lines. 4.3 To convert to standard form, complete the square . . .
â - 1 x + 6 = 2x + 3
2 x2 + 4x cos θ +
2
y + 8y sin θ = -3
4 + (- 8) ⎞
The centre of the ? is ⎛⎜ - 8 + 4 ; ⎟, % 2) â - x + 12 = 4x + 6 2 2
add ⎛⎜ 1 the coefficient of x ⎞⎟ and ⎛⎜ 1 the coefficient of y ⎞⎟ :
3.2 midpt of diam. BD
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
â - 5x = - 6 ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
â Centre : (- 2; - 2) . . . Note : The centre is not (0; 0) 6 â x2 + 4 x cos θ + (2 cos θ)2 + y2 + 8 y sin θ + (4 sin θ)2
â x =
5
& BD2 = (4 + 8)2 + (- 8 - 4)2 . . . distance formula = - 3 + 4 cos2 θ + 16 sin2 θ
= 144 + 144 Subst. x = 6 in y = 2x + 3 or, in y = -1x+6
= 144 % 2 NB : r = 6 2 5 2 The coefficient of x in 4 x cos θ is 4 cos θ ;
the coefficient of y in 8 y sin θ is 8 sin θ.
â BD = 12 2 units ² r 2 = (6 2 )
2 â y = 2 ⎛⎜ 6 ⎞⎟ + 3 â y = - 1 ⎛⎜ 6 ⎞⎟ + 6
⎝5⎠ 2⎝ 5 ⎠ 2 2 2
2 â r = - 3 + 4(1 - sin θ) + 16 sin θ
â The radius = 6 2 units = 6 . ( 2)
2
â y = 22 +3 â y = 3
- +6 2 2
5 5 = - 3 + 4 - 4 sin θ + 16 sin θ
2
= ( 6 2 ) = 36 % 2 = 72
2 = 36.2
â r ... = 1 + 12 sin2 θ
= 72 â y = 52 â y = 52 i.e. sin θ only
5 5 has values
Note :
â Eqn. of ? : (x + 2)2 + (y + 2)2 = 72  from - 1 to 1
For any value of θ : -1 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1
â E ⎛⎜ 1 1 ; 5 2 ⎞⎟  ... or : ⎛⎜ 7 ; 27 ⎞⎟  2
⎝ 5 5⎠ ⎝5 5 ⎠ and 0 ≤ sin θ ≤ 1 2
Note : • The knowledge of basic Euclidian geometry 2 i.e. sin θ
% 12) â 0 ≤ 12 sin θ ≤ 12
is essential in Analytical geometry. only has
4.2 2
ˆ
• The notation Kˆ 1 is to be used rather than SKO. Note : The length OB = the sum of the radii of the 2 ?'s + 1) â 1 ≤ 12 sin θ + 1 ≤ 13 values from
(because they touch externally).
2
0 to 1
â the maximum value of 12 sin θ + 1 is 13
EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 2

2
4. The radius of ?O = 45 = 9%5 = 9 5 = 3 5 i.e. the maximum value of r is 13
y
Note : & The radius of ?B = 20 = 4%5 = 4 5 = 2 5 â the maximum value of r is 13 units 
Do not assume that 2
E is the midpoint of the â OB = 5 5 units Surds must be Note : Similarly, the minimum value of r would be 1
axis-intercepts of line EF. simplified; otherwise, â the minimum value or r would be 1
E Pt. B, the centre of ?B is (2p; - p) they cannot be added.
It was not given.

O x 2 y X
OB = (2p) + (- p) = ( 5 5 )
2 2 2
F(12; 0) 5.1 cos Ĝ = + 0,726 ; 180º < Ĝ < 360º
2p X X X
y = 2x + 3 2
â 4p + p = 25 . 5
2 O x
th X
Note : 2 -p â Ĝ in the 4 quadrant
2 2 â 5p = 125 X XX
(2p) = 4 p 2
â p = 25
2
(- p) = + p
2 B(2p; - p) 5.1.1 â Ĝ = 360º - 43,4º . . . cos -1 0,726 = 43,44...
â p =5  ... p>0
= 316,6º 

Copyright © The Answer 12

 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 2
5.1.2 tan ⎛⎜ 2 G
ˆ + 100º ⎞ = tan 311,066... j -1,148  6.2.2 At Q : f (x) = g(x), i.e. 2 sin
x = 1,5 cos x Area of ΔLMN = 1 (5)(2x) sin L
M
⎟ 8.4
⎝3 ⎠ sin x 2
÷ 2 cos x) â tan x = 0,75 . . . cos x = tan x
5 - 32
+ sin A Now, if x = 3, cos L = = -4 = - 1
5.2 = sin A = - 1  â x = 36,869. . .º 4(3) 4(3) 3
(- sin A) + (- sin A) - 2 sin A 2

y
& y = f (36,869...º) = 2 sin 36,869...º = 1,2 â L̂ = 180º - 70,53º = 109,47º 2
5.3.1 tan β = k . . . tan β = by definition [or y = g(36,869...º) = 1,5 cos 36,869...º = 1,2
8 x â Area of ΔLMN = 1 (5)(6) sin 109,47º . . . if x = 3
k 2
â = 1 â Q(36,87º; 1,20)  . . . correct to two decimal digits
8 4 = 14,1 square units 
% 8) â k = 2  s
7.1 P̂ = θ - α  . . . ext. ø of Δ = sum. of int. opp. ø C
2 2 2 9.1 9.2
5.3.2 OT = 8 + 2
2 7.2
â OT = 68 d s
Note : In non-rightø Δ , we have the choice of 2 tools : O
O
â OT = 68 = 4 % 17 = 4 17 = 2 17 sine rule or cosine rule. Let's try sine rule . . .

2 1 A S
â sin β =  1 17 17 R
= or : % =  In ΔRSQ : P or T T or P
2 17 17 17 17 17 ˆ =θ ...
SRQ base øs of isos. ΔQRS α θ B
1
cos 45º cos θ + sin 45º sin θ
- sin θ D or B T
9.3
5.4 Expr. = Did you notice that P θ
⎛ 1 ⎞ . cos θ cos θ 1
Q
1 S
⎜
⎝ 2⎠
⎟ ΔQRS was isosceles? OR :
B or D
⎛ 1 ⎞ cos θ + ⎛ 1 ⎞ sin θ sin(θ - α ) sin(θ + α )
⎜
2⎠
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ In ΔRPQ : =
= 2 .⎝ ⎝ 2⎠ - sin θ 1 2
cos θ cos θ T D or B
% 2) â 2(sin θ cos α - cos θ sin α) = sin θ cos α + cos θ sin α A A
= cos θ + sin θ - sin θ â 2 sin θ cos α - 2 cos θ sin α = sin θ cos α - cos θ sin α
cos θ cos θ B or D
â sin θ cos α = 3 cos θ sin α
= cos θ + sin θ - sin θ
cos θ sin θ . cos α 3 cos θ . sin α V
÷ cos θ . cos α) â = 10.
= cos θ cos θ . cos α cos θ . cos α 1
3
1 A
cos θ B 2
â tan θ = 3 tan α  40º 2
= 1 
3M
12 1
2 2 2 4
6.1.1 120º  . . . 1 full wave from 0º to 120º 8.1 (3x) = 5 + (2x) - 2(5)(2x) cos L 3 2
O
2 2
â 9x = 25 + 4x - 20 x . cos L 1 2
6.1.2 The fraction of the 'normal' period (for y = cos x)
2 L
â 20 x . cos L = 25 - 5x
= 120º = 1 D

EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 2

360º 3 5(5 - x )2 2x
â cos L = 5
â a=3  . . . 3 waves over 360º 20 x N 10.1.1 tangent ⊥ diameter 
2
6.1.3 60º  . . . 1 full curve from 0º to 60º â cos L = 5 - x  M 3x 10.1.2 ø in semi-? 
4x
10.2.1 AV = AD ... tangents from a common point
6.1.4 The fraction of the 'normal' period (for y = tan x) s
8.2 cos L < 0 if L̂ is obtuse â Vˆ 3 = Dˆ 2 . . . base ø of isosceles ΔAVD
= 60º = 1 but the minimum value of cos L = -1
180º 3 s
In ΔAVD : Vˆ 3 + Dˆ 2 = 140º . . . ø of Δ ; Aˆ1 + Aˆ 2 = 40º
â b=3  â -1 ≤ cos L < 0 
â Vˆ 3 = Dˆ 2 = 70º
6.2.1 At P : x = 60º 8.3 If x = 6, cos L = 5 - 36
= - 31 (< -1) â Dˆ 1 = 90º - 70º ˆ = 90º in 10.1.1
. . . ADO
⎛ ⎞ 24 24
& y = h (60º) = 4 tan 60º = 4 ⎜ 3 ⎟ = 4 3 2 3 = 20º 
⎝ 1 ⎠ â No, not possible  . . . see 8.2
60º s
â P ( 60º; 4 3 )  1 Tip : Fill the ø in on the sketch as you go.

13 Copyright © The Answer

 Gr 12 Maths CAPS-constructed Exam Memos: Paper 2
10.2.2 ˆ = 2D
O ˆ . . . ø at centre = 2 % ø at circumference 12.1 Reasons : N 13.2 ˆ = Eˆ + Aˆ
D . . . exterior ø of Δ
M
1 1 1 1 2
= 40º  corresponding øs ;
L 12 But Aˆ 2 = Eˆ 2 . . . see 13.1
LE || AD  2
s 1 x1
OR : Vˆ 2 = Dˆ 1 . . . radii OV = OD ; base ø of Δ 16
E â Dˆ 1 = Eˆ 1 + Eˆ 2 
2 ˆ = Vˆ + D
â O 1 2
ˆ
1 . . . exterior ø of Δ VOD alternate øs ; 1
20
diameter
x2

s
13.3 In Δ EDR and AER
A 2 x
= 40º  . . . Vˆ2 = Dˆ 1 = 20º above LE || AD 
(1) (Rˆ 1 + ˆ ) is common
R 2

10.3 ˆ = D̂ (= x) ; x (2) Eˆ 2 = Aˆ 2 . . . see 13.1

We often need to think 'quadrilaterals' ! A 2 D
sides opposite equal øs in Δ  â ΔEDR ||| ΔAER  . . . øøø
In quadrilateral AVOD :
You must prove
DR
AV = AD . . . proved in 10.2.1 that it is a kite. 12.2.1 N̂ = 90º . . . ø in semi-? 13.4 = ER . . . prop. sides Note : Choose the
& OV = OD . . . equal radii ER AR sides mentioned
2 2 2 2
â Quad. AVOD is a kite . . . 2 prs of adjacent sides equal â AN = AE - NE . . . Theorem of Pythagoras â DR . AR = ER in the question.
2 2 = 9
ˆ = 90º . . . the diagonals of a kite intersect at right ø s = 20 - 12
â M OR: Use the Pythag 'triple' :
1
= 256 â 2AV = 9 . . . 2AV = DR . AR, given
ˆ + M
â BVD ˆ ˆ = 90º in 10.1.2
. . . BVD
3 : 4 : 5 = 12 : 16 : 20
1 = 180º â AN = 16 units 
â AN = 16 units â AV = 4 1 units 
i.e. co-interior øs are supplementary 2

AL
â BV || OA  12.2.2 In ΔNAD : = DE . . . LE || AD ; proportion thm.
AN DN 14.1 ΔABD ||| ΔCBA  ||| ΔCAD  A
Note : You cannot assume anything in geometry. But DE = AE (= 20 units) . . . proved in 12.1 θ
In Question 10.3 above, you cannot assume that : 14.2.1 ΔABD ||| ΔCBA  ;
90º - θ
• AVOD is a kite . . . it must be proved ! â AL = 20 . . . DN = DE + NE = 20 + 12 2
AB = BC . BD 
16 32
• OM ⊥ VD . . . not given! θ 90º - θ
B D
â AL = 20 % 16 14.2.2 ΔABD ||| ΔCAD  ; C
â You cannot apply theorem in 9.2 here. 32 2
AD = CD . BD 
= 10 units 
2 2
11. 14.3 Hence : AB + AD = BC . BD + CD . BD
NB : Do not assume that JL ⊥ KL ! 13.
It was not given. R = BD(BC + CD)
2
1 = BD . BD
D
Jˆ 1 = Kˆ 1 (= θ, say) C
32
J 2
1
3 = BD 
2
θ1 2
tangent

1
, 2 A
The area of ΔKLJ = 1 (8)(16) sin θ 16 1 • You have just proved the Theorem of Pythagoras,
EXAM MEMOS: PAPER 2

12
2 1 3
using similar Δs !
24 2
= 64 sin θ 2 1 N
1 • This example also illustrates that :
, 1θ E 3
& The area of ΔCJK = 1 (32)(16) sin θ
2
8 The perpendicular from the right ø to the
2 K L
hypotenuse produces 3 similar Δs.
= 256 sin θ

â The area of CKLJ = ΔKLJ + ΔCJK , Area

= 64 sin θ + 256 sin θ formula

V
= 320 sin θ
13.1 Reasons :
64 sin θ
â Area of ΔKLJ = øs in the same segment, subtended by chord RD in the
Area of CKLJ 320 sin θ
small circle 
= 1 
5 tan (RE) chord (ED) theorem 
Copyright © The Answer 14