Enq. Rana a e q CHAPTER - I- Poly Phase circuits : Sas. cytes) 5) 21s om a Generation Of Alternating Voltages Altemating voltage may be generated by rotating a coil in a magnetic field as shown in Fig -1-(a), or by rotating a magnetic field within a stationary coil as shown in Fig-1- (b). Figure 10-260. asic OC generator. Fig-1- (a) Fig -1- (b) ke Scanned with CamScannerFig-1- (c) Sah gal) Cah giall rds 1s oe The value of the voltage generated depends, in each me / 1-Upon the number of turns in the coil 2-Strength of the field. 3-The speed at which the coil or magnetic field rotates. . ‘A’ single-phase ‘altemator has an armature(astator) with single phase > winding in which a single alternating voltage wave is produced. In a two-phase alternator, the armature windings aredisplaced (90) electrical degrees apart. ‘ two-Prose ‘Three — Phase systems are the most common, although, A 3- phase alternator has three independent armature windings which are (120) electrical degrees apart. Hence the voltages induced in the three windings are (120°) apart in time phase three-phase Scanned with CamScanner3-phase 3! 3s'53@ Ss Advantages Of 3- Phase system ‘Asem I-the power generation in 3-phase is better than the power generation in single phase. 2-Power transmission in 3-phase network is better than the power transmission in single phase and more economical. 3-Starting motor in 3-phase is easy and better than the single-phase motor. Interconnection of three phase circuits: * TiS esas) 3-phawe caster. 1. Star or wye(y) connection. 2. Mesh or delta (A) connection. Star or (y) connection: In this type of connection we joined the finishing ends together at point N as shown in fig(2).the point is known as neutral pointIN-IBHR+IY Fig (2) Scanned with CamScannerVoltage and current in (y) connection: The voltage induced in each winding is called phase voltage V,xand the current is called phase current Ip). The voltage between any two phases is called line voltage Vj. From the vector diagram in Fig(3) ER=EB=EY=E.M.F. The current which flows in each line is called line current Ij. Vay:the line voltage between R and Y. Vypithe line voltage between Yand B. Vag:the line voltage between B and R. Rn Ry b) Fig-3- Scanned with CamScannerThe line voltage and phase voltage in star connect From the vector diagram: Vry=l Ep-Ey=Ep=Epitase. Vry=2EpiiasicosO Re obs Ss 0=30" 3 peo Vay=2Epuase c0s30° 3 Vay=2Eruasee Vev=V3 Epnase _, LM V3Ven where V;=line voltage 0 Veu=Phase voltage Fig-4- Scanned with CamScannerThe line current and phase current In this type of connection we can see that: Line 1 =IR Line 2 =IY Line 3 =IB So IR=1Y=IB=Ipy, where I,=line current i-phase current Power: The total power in (y) connection is the sum of the three phase power. Total power=3*Vpu*IpixCOSO = 374 IL*Cos® = V5 0 V8 de «cose v3 po | lp p = V3*VL* IL * CosO eto coe ’ . Example 1 cops alte tt Three impedances each having a resistance of{20) and an inductive reactance of (159) are connected in star across a a (400)volt three phase power supply calculate: 1.The line current. z-|CR+ (x 2. The power factor. 3. The total power in Kw. Scanned with CamScannerSoluti Lz= 202415? Vann en23l Vv. =1Ph_201 9 94 S =9,24 amp =. loon as ph, 2P.F =Cos 0 a =2=0.8 Lag. 3.P= V3.V._h.Cos ©. =V3.V,.h.Cos ©. =V3x9.24x400%0,8 =5120 W =5.12KW Example 2 4 A star connected three phase load consist of three* similar impedance when the load is connected to three phase 500 V Supply, the line current is 28.85 Amp.power factor is 0.8 (lag) calculate : 1 The total power taken by the load. 2.The resistance of each phase of the load. 1. P= ¥B.V;,1,,Cos ©. =V3%500%28.85%0.8 =90 KW. 2.h=lp vph_soo/vs Zn LP S00LS 1 ope HOR. Scanned with CamScannerRph CosQ=eery Zph =CosOxZ,, =0.8%10 =80, Example 3 Given a balanced three phase star (Y)connected system for which line voltage is(230 V) and impedance of each phase is (6+j8)Q find the line current and the power consumed by each phase and the power factor. Solution: — 7 z ZyVE+8? =100. oe ee ie é % Vip e=133 v. age 213.3 Amp=I, = Reh _ 6 _, PF=CosO= 15706 Power/phase=V n.[pn.Cos@ =133x13.3%0.6 =1061,3W=1.061KW. Scanned with CamScanner