Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Producir en Colombia Guia 2019
Producir en Colombia Guia 2019
FILM
INDUSTRY –
DOORS
WIDE OPEN.
STORIES WITHIN
EVERYONE’S REACH.
.
22
e
ill
M
PRODUCTION GUIDE
2019
PRESIDENT’S OFFICE OF THE PROIMÁGENES COLOMBIA Mauricio Reina Echeverri
REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA Delegate of the President of the Republic of
Claudia Triana de Vargas Colombia
Iván Duque Márquez Director
President of the Republic of Colombia Jaime Abello Banfi
Yolanda Aponte Melo Delegate of the President of the Republic of
Felipe Buitrago Administrative and Finance Director Colombia
Counselor for Economic and Strategic Affairs
to the President of Colombia Andrea Afanador Llach Alina Hleap Borrero
FDC Programs Director Producer’s Representative – CNACC
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
INDUSTRY AND TOURISM Juliana Ortiz García Julián David Correa Restrepo
Planning and Projects Director Film Office Director
José Manuel Restrepo Abodano
Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism Daniel José Téllez PRODUCTION GUIDE EDITORIAL
Communications Adviser COMMITTEE
Juan Pablo Franky Marín
Vice Minister of Tourism PROIMÁGENES COLOMBIA - Lilia Manolova
PROMOTION AND FILM Investigation and Editorial Coordination
Ligia Stella Rodriguez Hernández COMMISSION
General Secretary Texts
Silvia Echeverri Botero Alberto Quiroga
Karol Fajardo Director Jennifer Lucía González
Director Sector of Analysis and Promotion
Lilia Manolova Texts
MINISTRY OF CULTURE Gonzalo Castellanos Valenzuela
Promotion Executive Juan Carlos Tavera Castillo
Carmen Inés Vásquez Camacho Tatiana Ucrós Acevedo
Minister of Culture Legal and Technical texts
Promotion and Film Commission Coordinator Daniel José Téllez
David Melo Catalina Ramos Velásquez
Diego Iriarte Merchán Diego Iriarte
Vice Minister of Culture Promotion and Film Commission Coordinator
Copy - editor
Claudia Isabel Victoria Niño Izquierdo Andrea Vergara
General Secretary Film Commission and Promotion Assistant Lip Ltda.
Concept and Design
Julian David Correa Restrepo Catalina Ramos Velásquez
Film Office Director Lingua Viva Traductores
Information Adviser Translation
PROCOLOMBIA
COLOMBIAN FILM PROMOTION Grupo 2D Limitada
Flavia Santoro Trujillo COMMITTEE – CPFC Printing
President
José Manuel Restrepo Abodano
Juliana Villegas Restrepo Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism –
Exports Vice President
Carmen Inés Vásquez Camacho Printed in Colombia
Julián Guerrero Minister of Culture 2019
Tourism Vice President
Flavia Santoro Trujillo
Juan Sebastián Bargans Procolombia President
PM Industry 4.0
CONTENT
Hello! How?
A Compact for our Cinema. 5 Visas 45
Permits authorizations 46
Wow! Customs 46
Law 1556 cash rebate 40% - 20% 7 Hiring personnel 47
Value added tax (IVA) rebate 7 Taxes 48
Insurance 48
Why? Help!
Audiovisual industry in colombia 9 Film commision services 51
Infrastructure for audiovisual production 10 Staff 51
Contact 51
Here! Photography 52
Testimonials 13
Films shot in colombia with the 40-20%
rebate incentive 14
Where?
General information 18
Colombia´s general infrastructure 21
Regions
Bogota: the capital city 24
Caribbean region 27
Central andean region 29
Southern andean region 31
Eastern region 33
Amazon region 35
Special locations 37
National parks of colombia 40
Land of mega-diversity 42
Still photography “The Belko Experiment”
4
A COMPACT
FOR OUR
CINEMA
By Felipe Buitrago, Counselor for Economic and Strategic
Affairs to the President of Colombia
In the years gone by from that anthological film At the same time, the democratization of the That is why the 2019 Production Guide is so
The Arrival of a Train by the Lumière brothers means for producing and distributing audio- important. In presenting knowledge tools and
to The Embrace of the Serpent and Birds of visual content has driven, for the first time in bringing you closer to our institutional supply
Passage by Ciro Guerra, world cinema has history, a mass appropriation of communica- to make more and better cinema, we provide
gone through several boom and bust cycles. tion tools on the part of populations that before international producers with tools for them to
Today, when traditional economic sectors are the advent of digital technologies were largely work with us on building equality through le-
strained by the rigors of the Fourth Industri- excluded from the market, the relevant cultural gality and entrepreneurship. In facilitating for-
al Revolution and the deepest technological circuits, and effective recognition from society. malization, we close spaces that allow legal
disruptions in decades, cultural output—mu- Beyond the importance of celebrating the new insecurity and corruption. By offering better
sic, television, radio, design, literature, and of stories and visions that enrich culture at large technical assistance, we encourage the devel-
course, cinema—is no exception. thanks to this democratization, it is important to opment of new projects and experimentation
recognize that, as a result of the inexperience with new technologies and formats. By ex-
To many, digital technologies represent a of many of the new players, content with little tending effective social protection, we support
threat to the artistic purity of auteur cinema. To artistic value floods networks, frequently lead- inclusive and sustainable life plans. These are
others, they open doors to explore new fron- ing us to believe that culture is condemned to the bases of the compact that we desire for
tiers of communication and construction of disappear in an avalanche of ease and medi- our cinema, together. Government, creators,
identities. Both are right to some extent. ocrity. But this is temporary. producers, artists, investors, the public, the
academy—everyone. With this commitment
Nothing stands still, and although change is in- In the same way that The Arrival of a Train and these tools we invite international produc-
evitable, rarely if ever have we been subjected astonished some and aroused fear in others, ers to work in our country, hand in hand with
to such rapid change as that brought on by new digital technologies have come to stay, our young talents to imagine, rescue, and tell
mass access to the internet. From P2P net- turning into valuable tools of cultural construc- the stories that will make Colombia a better
works to augmented and virtual reality, from tion. We can already witness the improvement country for all.
platforms and social networks to USBs, the of those who began experimenting a few years
ways of imagining, producing, distributing, and ago with new formats and have refined their
appropriating audiovisual content have been narratives and production quality. To the ex-
stood on their heads. Naturally, this makes it tent that more and more people discover and
difficult for established actors and channels at develop their talents, the diversity, quality, and
the highest level to adapt, creating generalized cultural richness available on networks will im-
anxiety and in some cases damaging the cul- prove, and so will culture beyond them. 5
tural fabric in which they operate.
Still photography “The Kill Chain”
6
LAW 1556 CASH REBATE • Film services for non-national projects shall be VALUE ADDED TAX (IVA)
40% - 20% contracted through one or several Colombian REBATE
film services companies (previously registered
Colombia offers a cash rebate or cash reim- at the Film Office of the Ministry of Culture). According to the Colombian Tax Law, regarding
bursement for films partially or totally produced • The funds for use in services shall be admin- the value added tax (VAT), services provided in
in Colombia (long feature films, TV movies with istered by a trust established in Colombia, the country and exclusively exported to compa-
a broadcast of up to 2 episodes, documentaries through an administration trust or standalone nies or persons with no business or activity in
and animation). 40% for “film services” (services trust. Colombia are deemed to be exempt goods and
related to audio-visual pre production, produc- • Lastly, in order for the reimbursement to be services with the right to a bimonthly refund.
tion or post-production including artistic and disbursed, there must be approval by an audit-
technical services) and 20% for “film logistics ing company established in Colombia, which The law stipulates that services are exported in
services” (those that are provided for hotel, ca- shall also be engaged by the producer. The the case of services related to the production
tering, and transportation) of the amount spent expert opinion, certificate or report issued by of film works, television programs, audiovisual
in the country. the auditing company shall be sent directly to products of any kind, and to software develop-
the administering entity. ment. Such services are protected by copyright,
The cash rebate applies to services provided by are to be broadcasted out of Colombia by the
Colombian entities or persons that are domiciled Easy application recipient abroad and can be accessed from
or residing in the country. It will be paid with Colombia through any technological means.
• Request to the Colombia Film Promotion
resources of the Colombia Film Fund (FFC for (Article 189 of Law 1819 of 2016).
Committee - CFPC through the submission
its Spanish acronym), a financing instrument or
of the project to Proimágenes Colombia, in
account created in 2012 with funds from the The above applies to services complying with
charge of operating the incentive.
General National Budget. the local regulations in place in that matter.
• Proof of the existence and legal representa-
tion of the production company.
Basic requirements • Description of the project, total budget and
financing information.
• The project in question shall entail expendi-
• Detailed budget of the project showing expen-
tures in film services or film logistics services
ditures that will be paid in Colombia for film
of approximately USD 466,000. (TRM average
services and film logistics services.
3.200 COP)
• A reliability insurance of near USD 10500
• The project shall be submitted by its produc-
which shall be returned to the producer once
er, a legal person; that is to say, a company or
the contract ends and the project fully com-
entity with legal authority to operate.
plies with the requirements mentioned above.
• The project will be evaluated by the Colom-
bia Film Promotion Committee (CPFC for its
Spanish acronym) according to the purpose
Project Approval
of Law 1556: To develop Colombia’s film Submitted projects meeting above requirements
industry, as well as promote tourism and the will be evaluated by the CPFC committee to de-
country’s image. termine whether they comply with the purposes
• The project shall entail total or partial filming of Law No. 1556. Considering the limited funds
in Colombia. As for animated work, this item of the Colombia Film Fund -FFC, a decision is
refers to carrying out production work in the debated as to which of the submissions will be
country. granted the rebate and to what amount.
• The producer shall sign a contract stipulating
the obligations, conditions, and requirements
for the reimbursement to be given and the
amount thereof.
7
Still photography “Mille 22”
8
AUDIOVISUAL Advertising
INDUSTRY
The advertising industry in Colombia continues to gain strength. The developed marketplace
of creative agencies and the wide range of services they offer, including digital services and
channels, audiovisual productions and transmedia content, have allowed them to add interna-
IN COLOMBIA tional clients to their portfolios.
Thanks to Colombian talent, Colombian locations, and the achievements of the indus- try,
large advertising agencies such as BBDO, McCann Erickson, Leo Burnett, J. Walter Thomp-
son and others, have maintained and grown their presence in the country for years. Many of
Television these are ranked as the most effective agencies in the world, earning awards for campaigns
and commercials.
Colombia is at its finest moment when it
comes to audiovisual production. The Co- Films
lombian television industry produces and dis-
tributes programs, series, and telenovelas— The Colombian film industry has shown a sustained growth for the past years in terms of
soap operas—throughout the world with box office with ticket sales. During 2018, 91 new screens were opened across the country
great success. Colombian television also reaching 64 million of tickets sold. On average, there are 40 yearly Colombian film releas-
creates partnerships and co-productions es since 2015.
with international channels that promote the
Latin American audiovisual market. The excellent evolution of Colombian cinema positions us among the five countries in Latin
America with most feature film releases a year, in addition to series, documentaries, short
Colombian television is watched across the films, video clips and tv commercials.
globe. From original productions, to world-
wide adaptions, Colombian productions are, 2018 was a year of a wide presence of Colombian films at international festivals. The warm
without a doubt, international successes. reception by international critics has allowed Colombian productions not only to participate
Best known original productions such as in the official selection of important festivals around the world, but also to be awarded in
Betty la Fea has been purchased in more various categories in these festivals.
than 20 countries and was translated to
more than 15 languages. Other hits include,
Café con aroma de mujer, Pedro el esca- The Colombia-Denmark-Mexico co-production Birds of Passage (Pájaros de Verano) was
moso and Escobar el patrón del mal, just the most award-winning Colombian film last year. The awards include:
to mention a few. More recent productions
include Narcos, Wild District and La reina • Cairo International Film Festival 2018, Best Screenplay, International Competition.
del Sur, currently streaming on Netflix.
• Chicago International Film Festival 2018, Silver Plaque, Best Art Direction, and Best.
Cinematography.
Several international companies are currently
producing in Colombia. For instance, the • Havana Film Festival 2018, Coral Best Film.
Canadian network NBC produced some ep- • Lima Latin American Film Festival 2018, Jury Prize, Best Director.
isodes for their series “Covert Affairs” in Co- • London Film Festival 2018, Best Film - Honourable Mention.
lombia. So did the United States company,
Gaumont International Television, with the • Motovun Film Festival 2018, FIPRESCI Prize, Best film.
first, second and third seasons of Narcos for • Premios Fénix (Fenix Film Awards) 2018, Best Film, Best Music.
Netflix. Caracol Televisión, a Colombian net-
work produced an original series for Netflix Other Colombian Films that received awards at international festivals include:
“Siempre Bruja” which is now streaming on
the platform. Santiago Caicedo and Powerpaola’s Tropical Virus (Virus Tropical) which received the
audience award at SXSW Global section in 2018, and premiered at Animation Film Festival
In 2019, for the first time, an entirely Colom- in Los Angeles. The film was also part of the Annecy International Film Festival and Berlin
bian series, will premiere on Netflix. International Film Festival Selection.
Produced and directed by renowned
filmmaker Ciro Guerra. (Birds of Passage; Victor Gaviria’s The Animal’s Wife (La mujer del animal) received a nod at the twenty-third
Embrace of the Serpent) Mostra de Cinema Llatinoamericà de Catalunya, one of the most important cultural spaces
in the city. The film took the Movistar Award for Best Feature Film, the Caixa Social Work 9
Award for Best Director, the Casa América
Cataluña Award for Best Director, the Spain INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR AUDIOVISIUAL
Foreign Radio Award, and the Audience
Award. It also received two distinctions at
the Málaga Film Festival, the Biznaga de
Plata for Best Director and the Biznaga de
Plata for Best Editing. PRODUCTION
Countries around the world selected Co-
lombia as their guest country in film events.
Valencia, Spain, held its first Colombian Film
Showcase where it screened fiction feature Human Resources
films and documentaries made between 2009
and 2015. The thirty-ninth Clermont-Fer- Colombia has an excellent pool of human talent in the audiovisual sector. Highly trained
rand International Short Film Festival held a and upstanding technicians and professionals with several year experience in national
Focus on Colombia, with over 40 Colombian productions and international co-productions, are available for work in high standard sets
productions and a retrospective of short films and productions.
produced between 2007 and 2016. The
twenty-ninth edition of Cinélatino—Rencontres Colombian crew teams have been recognized around the world for their commitment, their
de Toulouse held a special section called resourcefulness and their hard work. To ensure the proper development of projects and
Caliwood: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, the wellbeing of crews, Colombia has several associations and guilds across the fields of
which screened Colombian feature films audiovisual practice.
produced between 1971 and 2016. The
country was also present at the Colombian Talent
Film Week in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The show-
case was inaugurated with Ciro Guerra’s Colombian talent in different areas of the audiovisual industry is recognized around the world.
The Embrace of the Serpent (El abrazo de la Actress Juanita Acosta has conquered the European market with important appearances in
serpiente). It also screened Cazando Luciér- films such as 7 Años, Perfect Strangers, and Anna. With leading and co-leading roles in series
nagas by Roberto Flores Prieto, La Sirga by such as Modern Family and Men in Trees, Sofía Vergara has become one of the best-paid
William Vega, and Land and Shade (La tierra Latin American actresses in Hollywood. Martina Garcia is known for her work in Homeland,
y la sombra) by César Acevedo. Biutiful, and Operation E. and Paola Turbay has appeared in international productions such
as Californication, The Secret Life of the American Teenager, The Mentalist, and True Blood.
Other Colombian actresses—such as Angie Cepeda, Sara Corrales, Catherine Siachoque,
and Margarita Muñoz—have also performed around the world, mainly in the Mexican television
industry. Among Colombia’s most widely recognized international actors are Manolo Cardo-
na, who played a role in the series Covert Affairs; Juan Pablo Shuck, known for Narcos, The
Ministry of Time, and La que se avecina; and Juan Pablo Raba, a familiar face we’ve seen in
Agents of Shield, The 33, Narcos, and Wild District, among others.
Colombians have made notable contributions in other fields as well. Artists, writers,
directors, and producers have also performed outstandingly in large national and interna-
tional productions.
Special Effects
Colombia has several companies with extensive experience in audiovisual production dedi-
cated exclusively to special physical effects.
These production houses are responsible for producing all of the most commonly requested
special effects, such as bullet impacts on bodies, suspensions, fire, and rain. They also have
experience in designing unconventional effects to meet more specific production needs.
In addition, armorers with proven experience in television, films, and commercials are able to
10 provide technical, theoretical, and practical knowledge in the handling and use of weapons
for audiovisual productions.
Stunts The most frequently used software in Colombian post-production houses are:
Motion graphics design workflows: After Effects, Cinema 4D Animation: 3D Max, Maya, Zb-
Colombia has stunt double companies that Brush, After Effects Digital composition, CGI, FX, and VFX: Nuk X, Smoke, Maya, 3D Max,
have built up extensive experience in pro- ZBrush Color correction and finishes: DaVinci, Scratch and there is an increasing interest in
ducing high-risk and action scenes for the color treatment software Baselight.
national industry in compliance with interna-
tional security protocols. The industry is currently preparing to handle HDR technology, especially in post-production.
This will allow filmmakers and producers to access tools and workflows to obtain maximal
Sound Stages benefit from material captured with this technology.
12
TESTIMONIALS
It’s by far the best possible alternative. I’ve been all over South America looking for Colombia has some amazing locations
where to shoot certain parts of the movie. I scouted them all, but Colombia was the and an amazing crew. What it means
clear winner for many reasons. to me to be here is that it will forever
James Gray - Director - Lost City of Z. remind me of this time of my life, and
- it’s been incredibly special.
Daniel Radcliffe - Actor - Jungle
The first time I came here fifteen years ago it was quite different. The country now -
seems more open, more cosmopolitan. There seems to be a greater chance of
peace. In a way, there’s been a lot of progress. The rebate is good for the foreign
producers who come, but of course it is
I think there are very good crews here. The landscape is beautiful, incredibly very good for the indigenous community
diverse. I’ve shot in the jungles of the Amazon. I’ve shot in the desserts of La as well, because you’re going to create
Guajira. I’ve shot in Bogota. You can find the most fantastic locations. The other crews, you’re going to create talent and
thing I would say is that in terms of the cost of shooting here, it’s much cheaper give jobs.
than shooting in the UK or in America, and this is a place that is full of passion and Nicholas Tabarrok - Producer -
enthusiasm for filmmaking. The Padre.
Peter Webber - Director - Pickpockets. -
-
Colombia is an ideal country in
It’s the first time I come to Colombia to make a film. I discovered the whole country which to film a movie for a variety of
because I did a long scout in Colombia. The locations we chose for the film were reasons. Its myriad diverse locations,
Cartagena, Riohacha, Girardot, and Bogota. We spent about six weeks shooting, breathtaking geography, urban centers
and I discovered the whole Colombian team, all the people who worked with us and countryside villages, fantastic crew
every day. I had a good experience in this country that I did not know, far from and craftspeople, coupled with very
France. This exchange that I had with Colombians was great. reasonable labor costs and a generous
subsidy program, put Colombia at the
Rachid Bouchareb - Director - Belleville Cop. top of my list as a production location.
- Having just finished shooting Jungle
there, we couldn’t be happier with the
I want to say a quick thank you to the country of Colombia, the city of Bogota, to all experience and are actively looking for
the military, the police, the people. It’s been an amazing experience. Thank you for new opportunities to return.
letting us shoot Mile 22 in Colombia!
Mike Gabrawy - Producer - Jungle -
Mark Wahlberg - Actor - Mile 22.
13
Interview with Screen Daily.
FILMS SHOT IN COLOMBIA
WITH THE 40-20%
REBATE INCENTIVE
Director: Fernando León de Aranoa Director: Gonzalo Gutierrez ‘G.G.’ PALM TREES IN THE SNOW
Production Company: Sinema S.A-Argentina
Production company: B2Y EOOD, Escobar
Production Service Company in Colombia: Director: Fernando González Molina
Production Service Company in Colombia:
Patagonia Films Production company: Nostromo Pictures
Dynamo Filming locations: Bahía Solano, Bogota y
Filming locations: Bogota, Medellín, Girardot, Production Service Company in Colombia:
Mosquera - Colombia
Villavicencio - Colombia. Cast: Christopher Von Uckermann, María Dynamo
Cast: Javier Bardem, Penélope Cruz. Gabriela de Faría Filming locations: La Jagua de Ibirico and
Production Year: 2016 Production Year: 2019 road along La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar de-
Country: Spain, Bulgari Country: Argentina partment; Tayrona Park, Los Ángeles beach,
and the area from Santa Marta to Cienaga,
HANDLE WITH CARE THE LOST CITY OF “Z” Magdalena department; Bahia Solano -
Colombia
Director: Arild Andresen Director: James Gray Cast: Adriana Ugarte, Mario Casas, Alain
Production company: Motlys A.S Production company: Cross Creek Pictures Hernández, Berta Vásquez.
Production Service Company in Colombia: Production Service Company in Colombia: Production Year: 2014
Dia Fragma Ltda. Cinempresa Country: Spain
Filming locations: Bogota - Colombia. Filming locations: Santa Marta, Tayrona Park, Don
Cast: Kristoffer Joner, Kristoffer Bech, Mar- Diego River, Ciénaga - Colombia and Belfast HENLEY “THE BOY”
lon Moreno, Patricia Castañeda Cast: Charlie Hunnam, Sienna Miller, Robert
Production Year: 2016 Pattinson Director: Craig Macneill
Country: Norway, Deanmark, Holland Production Year: 2015 Production Company: Spectre Vision
Country: United States Production Service Company in Colombia:
ABDUCTED Contento Films and Dynamo
THE BELKO EXPERIMENT Filming locations: Santa Fe de Antioquia -
Director: Conor Allyn Colombia
Production Company: Caracol Televisión Director: Greg McLean Cast: David Morse, Jared Breeze, David
Production Service Company in Colombia: Production company: Metro Goldwyn Mayer Valencia, Mike Vogel, Rainn Wilson, Zuleikha
Production Service Company in Colombia: Robinson, Bill Sage, Aiden Lovekamp, Ama-
Caracol Televisión S.A, Marvista Entertain- Itaca Films
ment Snap TV lia Santa Maria.
Locations: Bogota, Siberia, and Madrid -
Filming locations: Bogota - Colombia Production Year: 2014
Colombia
Cast: Kathleen Rose Perkins, Kamar de los Country: United States
Cast: Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rooker, David
Reyes, Marcela Mar Dastmalchian
Production Year: 2015 Production Year: 2015 15
Country: Colombia, Argentina, United States Country: United States
ZAMBO DENDÉ THE 33 GEMINI MAN
Director: Ricardo Gabrielli Director: Patricia Riggen Director: Ang Lee
Production company: 7GLab Colombia Production Company: Phoenix Pictures Production Company: Gemini Pictures, LLC
Branch Office Production Service Company in Colombia: Production Service Company in Colombia:
Production Service Company in Colombia: Dynamo Dynamo
Fox Telecolombia Filming locations: Zipaquirá, Nemocón - Filming locations: Cartagena - Colombia
Filming locations: Bogota - Colombia Colombia Cast: Will Smith, Clive Owen, Mary Eliza-
Cast: Mario Zaror. Cast: Antonio Banderas, Juliette Binoche beth Winstead, Benedict Wong
Production Year: 2014 Production Year: 2013 Production Year: 2017
Country: Colombia Country: United States, Chile Country: United States
17
GENERAL
INFORMATION
San C a rib b e a n
André s Se a
COLOMBIA’S GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
B a rra nq uilla
Panamá
Ca r t a g e na
Ve n e z u e l a
M e d e llín
Paci fi c
O cean B og ot a GENERAL INFORMATION
Ca li Official Name Republic of Colombia
Toront o París
6 hr s . 1 0 : 3 0 h rs .
Nue va York
5 :3 0 hr s . Madrid
L o s Ánge le s 1 0 h rs .
7:3 0 hrs .
M ia m i
3 hr s .
Ci uda d de Mé x ico
4:3 0 hrs.
B og ot a
Sao Paulo
5 : 4 5 h rs .
S a nt ia g o
5 hr s . B ue nos A i r e s
6 :1 0 hr s .
COMPARISON
State of
California Colombia France
USA
20
COLOMBIA´S
GENERAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Air transportation
Hundreds of daily flights join Colombia’s major cities to world capitals and large urban centers
throughout the world. International airlines including American Airlines, Delta Airlines, KLM,
Turkish Airlines, Air Canada, Air Europa, Iberia, Lufthansa, and Air France operate direct flights
to Europe and the United States from Bogota and major Colombian cities. Colombian airlines
with high standards and years of experience also provide flights to intermediate cities. The
international airport in Bogota—El Dorado—has been ranked as the best in South America by
Skytrax (a firm dedicated to quality in air transportation), for several years in a row.
Land transportation
The entire country is connected through a system of roads, with the exception of very remote
regions of the Amazon, Chocó (Pacific region), and the eastern plains. Various companies
offer land passenger transportation to almost every corner of the country through buses and
minibuses. In major cities, passenger services operate from centralized bus terminals. Taxis
are available everywhere in urban centers, providing mobility to cities, suburbs, and sur-
roundings. There is no train service except for the transfer of cargo along specific corridors.
Banking
The Colombian peso is the only legal currency for all monetary transactions in the country.
Major cities have exchange houses where international currency may be bought and sold.
Rates offered at these exchanges are based on market trends, and may be higher or lower
than the official exchange rate.
Banks and ATMs are available in every Colombian city and in smaller municipalities as well.
Banks are generally open from 8 am to 4 pm. Certain offices in major cities are open until
5 or 7 pm. All international credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, etc.) are ac-
cepted in Colombia. However, the option to pay by credit card is not always available outside
of cities. In smaller towns, it may be necessary to pay for services in cash.
Restaurants
Throughout the country, and especially in the main cities of Bogota, Cartagena, Cali, and
Medellín, excellent restaurants offer a wide range of national and international cuisine.
Anthony Bourdain, the traveling chef from the Travel & Living Channel, used to say about
Colombia: “A visit to Colombia is one of those surprising experiences that can change the
course of your life. Food in Colombia is surprising and full of sensational flavor.”
In recent years, the gastronomic offer of towns and small cities has improved as well. Tra-
ditional cooking is mixed with international cuisine in charming open-air restaurants and old
country houses that are full with nature, color, and natural light.
Telecommunications
In many regions, cities, and towns, the country offers complete telecommunication services,
including corporate secured networks via satellite, as well as internet services for every even-
tuality, mobile networks, radiophones, and landlines for local, national, and international calls.
The reach and variety of radio broadcasters in Colombia is very wide and quite unique.
There is also a broad network of television broadcasters with news, education and enter-
tainment channels: three private channels, two public channels, one mixed private-public Electricity
channel, various regional ones, local channels in major cities, university channels, and
on-demand television. The national energy grid distributes elec-
tricity to most of the country twenty-four
Phones and Cell phones hours a day, seven days a week. Voltage is
110-220V/60Hz, the same as in the United
Several companies offer mobile phone services and internet data with national and interna- States. For travelers from Europe, a univer-
tional coverage: Claro, Movistar, Tigo, and ETB. Avantel’s service (radiophone and mobile sal current adaptor is necessary and can be
phone) is also available. acquired widely in stores.
Internet Health
Several companies offer a variety of internet subscription services (cable, wireless internet, The hospital network provides general
etc.). Certain cities, such as Bucaramanga, provide free wifi. In many smaller towns, internet health and emergency services to millions
is available in cybercafes. Communication and telecommunication services are available of people through the country. Major cities
22 everywhere in the country, except in certain remote areas. Broadband and wireless internet have world-class clinics and hospitals, and
services are available in major cities. do offer full care for international patients.
23
BOGOTA: • Bogota is a city of stark contrasts, including
traditional colonial neighborhoods like La
Candelaria, where you can feel what the city
NATION’S
English-style neighborhoods; and rural areas
with large houses and beautiful gardens.
CAPITAL
• There are several wetlands in Bogota
that are home to a wide variety of bird
species. The city is also surrounded by
ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers like the
Magdalena River, the most important river
in Colombia.
• Bogota, the capital of Colombia, has a • Just a few hours away from the city by car,
population of over seven million inhabitants there are several cities and towns with
and is located at 2,625 meters (8,610 both chilly and temperate climates, each
feet) above sea level. with its own unique charm.
• Including urban, suburban, and rural ar-
eas, the city stretches over 1,775 square BOGOTA IS AUDIOVISUAL
kilometers (685 square miles). • Bogota is the city with the highest number
• The city has a chilly weather, which varies of professionals and technicians available
somewhat during certain months: in De- for audiovisual work. The city has more
cember, January and March temperatures than 30 higher education programs train-
are higher, near 20ºC while in April and ing these experts every year. It has a wide
October temperatures drops near 18ºC. range of equipment and infrastructure and
• Bogota is the center of the country’s polit- the largest network of public institutions
ical, economic, administrative, industrial, and private companies dedicated to the
artistic, sporting, tourism, and cultural life. creation of moving images.
24
25
• The nation’s capital is a hub for the most tion, and video games) reported estimated Bogota Film Commission
important promotional, training, exhibition, net profits of approximately US$400 million, The Bogota City Government, through the
and marketing events for audiovisual con- 38% more than in 2013. “Instituto Distrital de las Artes – Idartes”
tent in Colombia. is in charge of promoting the artistic and
• In recent years, major international proj- BOGOTA SUPPORTS THE IN- cultural activities of the city. The Film Com-
ects have been filmed in the city and sur- DUSTRY mission (CFB) has as goals advising and
rounding areas, such us Mille 22 (Mille22, The Bogota City Government promotes encouraging film and television shoots in
LLC / Dynamo), Belleville Cop (Tessalt programs and projects for the audiovisual in- the city; strengthening Bogota’s audiovisual
productions / Ítaca), Elizabeth Harvest dustry. These programs and projects include: industries (television, film, advertising, etc.);
(Automatik LLC / Ítaca), Loving Pablo promoting the city as a location for domestic
(Escobar Films SL / Dynamo), Narcos Cluster of Creative Industries and and international film and television shoots;
(Netflix-Gaumont International Television Contents and regulating the use of public spaces for
/Dynamo), The 33 (Phoenix Pictures / This initiative, led by the Bogota Chamber of commercial film shoots by the implemen-
Dy-namo), Blunt Force Trauma (Blunt Commerce (CCB) along with other stakehold- tation of the Unified Permit for Audiovisual
Force Trauma, LLC / 64A Films), and The ers in the city, seeks to transform the city into Filming (PUFA). CFB offers on its website
Belko Experiment (MGM / Ithaca Films). Latin America’s foremost center for creative a directo- ry of logistic and audiovisual ser-
• digital content, through the competi- tive vices, and of locations, which are a guideline
development of the publicity, media, film, video of audiovisu- al production in the city avail-
BOGOTA: COLOMBIA’S DRIV- able for creative and cultural industries.
game, and digital animation industries.
ING FORCE FOR CREATIVE
CONTENT Bogota Audiovisual Market (BAM) Invest in Bogota
In terms of business activity, Bogota is Organized by the CCB and Proimágenes Through free, personalized advisory ser-
home to nearly 92% of Colombia’s creative Colombia, the Bogota Audiovisual Market vices, this joint initiative of the CCB and the
services, 90% of audiovisual production has become the leading audiovisual market Bogota city government promotes Bogota as
companies, 73% of digital content compa- in Colombia and has gradually been recog- the ideal setting for foreign companies in the
nies, and 55% of video game companies. nized as an essential international event for audiovisual industry to do business.
In 2014, companies involved in audiovisual discovering, exhibiting, and marketing new
industries (advertising, film, television, anima- audiovisual productions.
BOGOTA IS
AUDIOVISUAL,
BOGOTA IS MOVEMENT,
BOGOTA IS YOUR CITY.
See the Bogota production guide at:
www.filmingbogota.gov.co
Invest in Bogota:
http://es.investinbogota.org/
26
CARIBBEAN
REGION
The Caribbean region is in the north of Co- • The Colombian Caribbean has unique
lombia, running from the Gulf of Morrosquillo contrasting landscapes, from lovely beach-
to Riohacha in the Department of La Guajira. es and towns to modern cities, green
It includes the archipelago of San Andrés mountains, and the Sierra Nevada.
and Providence. • The Colombian Caribbean has three large
coral reefs and one of the greatest coral for-
THE REGION INCLUDES mations in the Caribbean near Providencia.
CITIES SUCH AS:
• The region has several archipelagos with
wondrous islands and crystalline waters.
Barranquilla is officially considered a portuar-
Notable are the Rosario Islands near Cart-
ian district primarily due to its location on the
agena and the San Andrés and Providen-
banks of the Magdalena River, the country’s
cia archipelago.
principal fluvial artery.
• Most of the Caribbean region can be
Cartagena is a Touristic and Cultural District accessed by land. Roads are appropriate
in Colombia. Its historical center was listed for private vehicles and bus transportation.
as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Barranquilla, Santa Marta, and Cartagena
are approximately 15 hours by car from
Santa Marta is a Historical District, the old- Bogota. The journey crosses the northern
est city in Colombia and the second-oldest part of the country which contains varied
in South America. landscapes. Stops can be made in small
and medium cities.
27
• Reaching a height of 18.900 feet above
the Caribbean coast, the massif of the
Sierra Nevada is the tallest coastal moun-
tain range in the world. At the foot of the
mountains is the Tayrona National Park.
• Crystalline rivers and brooks descend from
the peaks, bathing rifts and valleys of aston-
ishing natural beauty. The sierra is inhabited
by various indigenous communities.
• The Isla de Salamanca Road borders the
Caribbean coast. Its mangroves pro-
vide habitats to an incredible variety of
migrating marine birds and its lagoons and
swamps are home to an great diversity of
plants and animals.
• Cartagena and Barranquilla are interna-
tional ports. Cartagena welcomes interna-
tional cruise ships operated by companies
such as Royal Caribbean International,
Aida Cruises, and Avia Caribbean. The
city is also patronized by a growing fleet of
private yatchs from around the world.
28
CENTRAL
ANDEAN
REGION
• As suggested by its name, this region is in
the heart of the country, bordering the
Caribbean region to the north, the
Orinoquía to the east, the Pacific region
to the west, and Ecuador and the Amazon
region to the south.
• Colombia’s three cordilleras—western,
central, and eastern ranges—give the
region its imposing landscapes of fertile
mountains, valleys, canyons, plateaus, and
rivers.
• The central Andean region is made up of
three coffee-producing departments—Cal-
das, Risaralda, and Quindío—along with
the southern part of the Department of
Antioquia which extends from the Central
Ranges to the skirts of the Eastern Rang-
es of the Andes.
• The mountains of this region ascend to
over 16.400 feet above sea level, forming
two important snowy peaks: Nevado del
Ruiz and Nevado del Tolima. The region
also contains expansive temperate plains
with average temperatures between 18
and 22ºC and broad valleys along the im-
posing Magdalena and Cauca rivers that
cut across the country from north to south.
• The region’s temperate zone is one of the • The region contains majestic mountains,
most beautiful in the country. It enjoys an ranges, crests, rivers, streams, waterfalls,
exuberant biodiversity and a great number lakes, snowy peaks, and Andean moors
of flowers, bamboo foundations, trees, of great beauty—cold, temperate, and
and palms. It also grows the smoothest warm landscapes. The Colombian Andean
coffee in the world. region is anything but plain!
• The coffee towns are the greatest touristic • Throughout the region are small produc-
attraction. Their traditional squares, the tion and post-production houses that can
blend of the brightly-colored traditional provide qualified personnel.
architecture of homes and churches with
the green landscapes that never lack for a MAJOR CITIES
pleasant bar serving a good cup of coffee
have become the region’s calling card. Medellín, Armenia, Manizales, Pereira.
29
30
CENTRAL
tions. Extensive livestock farming is also a
major activity in Valle del Cauca. Through-
out the department are great haciendas
LOCATIONS
mends another region, Chocó, the cities of
Popayán and Mompox, and Las Lajas national
monument with a special charm and beauty
worth considering, although far from the beat-
en track and more difficult to access.
Tayrona
COLOMBIA’S
Isla de
Salamanca
NATIONAL
Cienaga Grande de
Sta. Marta Sierra Nevada de
Santa Marta
Corales del Rosario
Los Colorados
PARKS
El mono
Hernández
Las
Orquídeas
Serranía de
los Yariguies
Cocuy
Guanentá Alto y
Río Fonce
Pisba
Selva Florencia
Iguaque
Tamatá
Los Nevados
Chingaza
Las Hermosas
Farallones de
Cali
Nevado del
Huila
Amacayacu
40
41
LAND OF MEGA-
DIVERSITY
Colombia is one of five mega diverse countries in the world because of its enormous natural
wealth and many and varied ecosystems incorporating snowy peaks, humid tropical jungles,
paramos (Andean moors), expansive valleys, two oceans, deserts, countless rivers, lakes
and lagoons, and thousands of plant and animal species of astounding beauty.
All of Colombia’s regions exemplify the incredible ecological, environmental, racial, architec-
tural and cultural variety that characterizes the country and, for the most part, cities, villages,
agricultural zones, countryside and forests are easily visited. Each of these regions features
cold, cool and hot climates and in only 2-3 hours you can travel from high mountains over
3,000 meters (9,800 feet) above sea level to warm weather regions at sea level, except in
the Amazon region where the entire territory is one huge tropical jungle.
• The Andes split into three ranges in Colombia and in less than two hours one can travel
through cold weather on snowy peaks towering more than 5,000 meters (16,000 feet)
above sea level, to hot temperatures at sea level.
• Colombia is one of the world´s richest countries in water with five major hydrographic
basins flowing into the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Oceans as well as the Amazon,
Orinoco or Catatumbo Rivers.
• Caribbean and Pacific coastlines total over 3,000 kilometers (1,350 miles).
• The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is the only coastal peak in the world rising more than
5,000 meters (16,000 feet) above sea level.
• Colombia is the richest nation in the world in bird, reptile and arachnid species and
boasts the greatest diversity of orchids.
42 • Colombia is famous around the world for its coffee, flowers, gorgeous emeralds and
talented people.
43
Still photography “Palm Trees in the Snow”
44
VISAS
Foreigners require a visa to enter and remain
in Colombia. However, temporary visitors
from some countries whose purpose of
travel is leisure require only a passport and
return ticket. If a foreigner intends to stay
in Colombia for a period of more than 180
days, they may require permission from Mi-
gración Colombia, an agency of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs.
Visitor visas
Type V visas for visitors are granted to
foreigners who enter the country without the
intention to establish themselves. Law No.
1556 indicates that foreigners who are part of
a film crew in Colombia may receive the Type
V visa as a courtesy.
46
It is also important to a production that the
HIRING PERSONNEL contract state the amount of compensation
paid for each product and whether said com-
There are several forms of contracts in pensation is definitive or if part of it is subject
Colombia that can be used to hire artists, to commercial exploitation of the work. This
technicians, authors, and any logistical ser- is entirely up to the parties, since there is no
vices required in production projects. These mandatory royalty system in Colombia.
are a few of the most common:
Contracts with screenwriters of the work to
Civil/Commercial Contract be filmed, actors, sound producers, or com-
posers of music to be used in the film can be
These are independent contracts not recognized and notarized. This is useful, and
seeking to establish any labor relationship in certain cases mandatory (in accordance
between the contractor (producer) and with national copyright legislation contained
the contractee. For this reason the con- in Law 23 of 1982). It is inexpensive (about
tract must not refer to any of the common 3 US dollars per contract) and can be done
elements found in labor contracts, such as very quickly.
subordination and dependence, although
the necessary mechanisms of coordination It is also important for productions that the
Film may be temporarily imported, if printed between the parties must be stated. contract state that any personnel hired are
and developed as established in Tax Memo This type of contract is free and is signed to assume their own responsibilities visa- vis
3706, with no duties, taxes or customs once an agreement is reached regarding the Colombian health care, pension and pro-
tariffs. Film enjoys all the incentives of the the amount and form of payment and other fessional risk systems, regardless of whether
“short-term temporary import” regulations obligations. A written document is recom- the production company contracts additional
for a period of 6 months, renewable one mended but is not usually obligatory. accident or life insurance coverage.
time only. In this way, films, including foreign The parties are free to set the domicile for
films, to be screened at festivals or tempo- legal purposes: Colombia or the producer’s Temporary Employment
rary events can be imported, as can those country of origin. Agency (ETT)
coming into the country which will be re-ex-
ported to their country of origin. This type of contract can be used to hire The use of temporary employment agencies is
persons considered authors of the work a common practice for hiring cast, crew, and
Customs officials classify as “special deliv- (screenwriters, directors, animation design- artistic personnel for the audiovisual sector.
ery” all professional materials and equip- ers or composers of original music) when
it is necessary to define the rights each of Temporary Employment Agencies (ETT, as
ment for film production, blank film, and film
these authors grants to the film producer. per the acronym in Spanish) are compa-
printed with image and sound. Although
These may include rights to publicly present nies whose activity consists of temporarily
other “special delivery” cases are subject to
the work in different formats, territories, ad- placing workers hired by the ETT with a user
a deposit guarantee, this is not the case for
aptations, reproductions, etc. The contract company. Only employment agencies which
film authorized by the Ministry of Culture.
also establishes which rights, when appli- have been properly authorized under the
cable, are reserved; although assignment of terms provided by law may hire workers in
Import and export procedures must be car-
rights is presumed in Colombia, all kinds of order to temporarily assign them to another
ried out by a customs agent (there are some
agreements to the contrary are accepted. company.
100 authorized agencies), except when
goods are valued at less than US$1,000. This type of contract is also used to contract
The National Tax and Customs Office (DIAN) artistic services (actors, directors of photog- Labor Contracts
raphy, art directors, set designers, editors, These contracts cover all forms of labor
is responsible for authorizing airports and
etc.) and technical services provided by governed by Colombia’s Substantive Labor
ports for imports and exports.
individuals or legal entities, as well as a wide Code. This model is usually not used for film
www.locationcolombia.com/guia-de-pro-
duccion/procedimientos-y-permisos/adua- range of logistical services (transportation, productions, since film requires work for
nas/?lang=en locations, rooms not in hotels). shorter periods than other fields.
47
TAXES
Below are some of the aspects of Colombi-
an tax legislation designed to help produc-
ers to better plan their work and correctly
calculate budgets and expenses.
The following information is only a guide and
we recommend you consult with profession-
als before starting any audiovisual produc-
tion in Colombia, since application of taxes
and duties will depend on each production’s
unique characteristics.
48
Still photography “American Made”
49
Still photography “Abduction of Jocelyn Shaker”
50
FILM COMMISSION STAFF
SERVICES
Silvia Echeverri
Director Film Commission and Promotion
• Walk through and inform producers about silviaecheverri@proimagenescolombia.com
the cash rebate 40% - 20%.
• Inform producers and directors interest- Lilia Manolova
ed in Colombia of the best possibilities Promotion Executive
and alternatives for their projects in liliamanolova@proimagenescolombia.com
terms of logistics, locations, accommo-
dations, Colombian talent, authoriza-
tions, contacts, etc. CONTACT
• Advise producers and directors about
Colombian legislation regarding taxes,
www.locationcolombia.com
financing, hiring, customs, permits, visas,
info@locationcolombia.com
coproduction, etc.
• Supply contact with the various business- Phone:
es, producers, institutions and national (+57 1) 287 0103
and regional authorities related to their
productions in order to make their work Mobile Phone:
quicker and more effective. (+57) 320 345 6635
• Facilitate the expedition of National film (+57) 318 358 8449
office permit for filming on national territory
and the courtesy visas for cast and crew. Address:
• Set-up packages of photographs of loca- Calle 35 No. 5 - 89 (Barrio La Merced)
tions upon request. Bogota, D.C. – Colombia
• Organize pre-scouts and support recce
process in Colombia.
• Connect filmmakers and producers with
local film commissions.
• Ensure that producers, directors, cast and
crew have the best experience shooting in
our country.
51
PHOTOGRAPHY
• Cover: Still photography “Mile 22”
• Page 4: Still photography “The Belko Experiment”
• Page 6: Still photography “The Kill Chain”
• Page 8: Still photography “Mille 22”
• Page 12: Still photography “ExPatriot”
• Page 17: Still photography “Orbiter 9”
• Page 20: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Campesinos de la • Page 34: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
región paseando sus caballos en el Valle de Cocora Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Festival de luces
–Anthony Malishev – Salento, Quindío. – Guillermo Londoño – Villa de Leyva – Boyacá.
• Page 23: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Descanso de las 5:30 – José Felipe Abreo Cubillos –
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Atardecer Santa Nevado del Cocuy – Boyacá.
Marta – Juan Ignacio Vives Lacouture – Santa Marta • Page 34: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism,
– Magdalena. Viceministry of Tourism. – Villa de Leyva aérea –Andrés
• Page 24: Courtesy by Bogota Film Commission. Felipe Enciso Rocha – Villa de Leyva – Boyacá.
Túneles de calle 24 con 34. Amanecer en Tota – Gustavo Adolfo Niño Rojas –
Laguna de Tota – Boyacá. El tren de la laguna –Helbert
• Page 25: Courtesy by Bogota Film Commission Ricardo Bonilla Vega – Laguna de Tota – Boyacá.
Claustro Uninacional – Calle 26 – centro. Panorámica.
• Page 35: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
• Page 26: Courtesy by Bogota Film Commision Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Cría De Mico
Sebastián Cárdenas, Parque Simón Bolívar. Churuco – Amazonas
• Page 27: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and • Page 36: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Mateo Medina – La Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Llegada de los
Guajira. Los Colores de la historia Cartagena – Orus loros al Parque Santander – Amazonas. Reserva
Andrés Rebellón Rodriguéz – Ciudad Amurallada – Victoria Regia – Amazonas.
Cartagena – Bolívar.
• Page 37: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
• Page 28: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. Playas de Guachalito
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Dirección en el – Chocó.
mar –
Magda Natalia Sarmiento – Islote a 2 horas de • Page 38: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
Cartagena – Bolívar. El baile – Salua – Amastha Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. Panorámica De
Thalge – Ranchería Wayúu – La Guajira. Trampolín a Popayán – Cauca. Iglesia De Santa Bárbara, Mompox
un acuario natural - Sofía Catalina Henao Aguirre – – Bolivar.
Tintipán, Bolívar. • Page 39: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
• Page 29: Guía turística del Risaralda – Pereira, Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Santuario de
Risaralda. Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Nuestra
Tourism, Señora de Las Lajas – Nariño.
Viceministry of Tourism. – Ecología y tradición – • Page 41: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
Doney de Jesús Cardona Lopez – Vía principal al Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Donde nacen las
Municipio de Córdoba – Quindío. Iglesia Filandia nubes – Hugo Armando Rus Gutierrez – PNN. El
Quindío – Mauricio Arango Mendoza – Filandia – Cocuy – Boyacá.
Quindío.
• Page 42: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
• Page 30: Guía turística del Risaralda – Casa de la Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Iguana en centro
Cultura de Marsella – Marsella, Risaralda. Laguna del cultural – Guaviare. Chigüiros – Meta. Bogotá Film
Otún – Risaralda. Commission, Tucán en refugio de Vida Silvestre –
• Page 31: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Arauca.
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Desierto de la • Page 43: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and
tatacoa – Sector el Cuzco – Villavieja – Huila. Cóndor Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Detalle De Flora –
de los Andes – Eduin Yecid Pardo Sánchez – Páramo Caquetá. Venado de los Llanos en La Finca Maracay
de Puracé – La piedra del cóndor – Cauca. – Casanare.
• Page 32: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and • Page 44: Still photography “Palm Trees in the Snow”
Tourism, Viceministry of Tourism. – Ciudad de salsa
– Daniel Escobar Gaitan – Cali – Valle del Cauca. • Page 49: Still photography “American Made”
Volcán Nevado del Tolima – Tolima. Tatacoa nights – • Page 50: Still photography “Abduction of Jocelyn Shaker”
52 Simón Quintana Sanabria – Desierto de la Tatacoa
– Huila. • Back cover: Still photography “The Kill Chain”
K
ill
in
g
Ch
ain
.