Cosy COE analyze construct — distribute master_—_—rival assist debt intend reflect —_ witness LWORDS IN CONTEXT _ Use the sentences to guess what each key word means. Choose the meaning that is closest to that of the key word in bold. 1. analyze + If we want to build better cars, we need to analyze the information we get Peenlatz! from drivers verb + When Greg makes a serious decision, he usually analyzes it, thinking carefully and logically rather than using his emotions. Analyze means... @) to think about b, to look at c. to react to something carefully 2. assist * If you need help finding a book in a library, a librarian can assist you. ane © Have you ever assisted an elderly person across the street? Assist means . a. to help b. to walk ©. toread 3. construct) It took four and a half years to construct the Golden Gate Bridge. fen © ‘The Pyramids of Egypt were constructed thousands of years ago. Construct means... a. to find b. to imagine ¢. to build something large 4. debt + AT buys lots of expensive clothes with his credit cards, but he never pays his fet! credit card bills. As a result, he owes the bank a lot of money; he isin debt. one * A company that has a lot of debt may have problems borrowing more ‘money from the bank. Debt means 4. money you gave _b, moneyyouowe _c. money you saved someone someone 8. distribute) + Our organization distributes food and clothing to people in need. ei ola * After the terrible storm hit the coast of Florida, water and food were distributed to the people who lost their houses Distribute means ... a. to give out b. to talk about c. tosell 6. intend | + Michael intends to become a doctor, so he is taking a lot of science classes. inten + If you intend to buy a sports car, how much money do you need to save? Intend means... Chapter 1 a, tohave no interest in b. to plan c. to forget7. master * Jose is a master at cooking; he works in one of the best restaurants in ‘mest2r/ San Francisco, -noun + Ellen is a master of language; she speaks Chinese, German, Russian, Spanish, and English. Master means... a. someone who b. someone who has _¢. someone who is very isnt very good at average skills at skillful at something something, something 8. reflect * The lake is like a mirror! Look at the way it reflects the mountains. fevtiekl « The little girl thought it was very funny to see her own face reflected in the window. Reflect means... a. to play », to look at c. to show an image 9. rival + In the Olympics, figure skaters became rivals fighting for the gold medal. Croan | * The last time you wanted to win a game, who was your rival? Did this person stop you from winning? Rival means... a, a friend b. a person you ©. anathlete compete with 10, witness | + Mrs, O'Leary was a witness to the bank robbery, so she told the police what, rwit'nis! | the robber looked like. noun * Awitness at the scene of the accident called for help. Wimess means... a. someone who saw b. anunimportant —_c, a police officer something person WORDS AND DEFINITIONS ‘Match each key word with its definition. 1, __construct _ to build something large 2, ___ to have something in your mind as a plan or purpose 3. ____ someone who saw something, especially an accident or a crime 4, __________ to help someone do something 5. money that you owe to someone 6, —______ someone who is very skillful at something 7, _________a person, group, or organization that you compete with 8, ____to give something to each person in a large group 9, ____to think about something carefully in order to understand it 10, ___to show an image as in a mirror Chapter! [EiILCOMPREHENSION CHECK Choose the best answer. 1, Which of the following items CANNOT reflect? a. a mirror @Datree c. awindow d. a shiny piece of metal If you're playing soccer, your rival a. wants you to lose. b. does not want to stop you. c. wants to help you win. 4 is your friend. 3, Peter could go into debt if he a. is very careful with money. b, wears inexpensive clothing. c. buys a summer house in Hawaii with his credit card. 4, eats a simple dinner every night. 4, Which of the following things did the French construct? a. the first space shuttle b. amountain . the Taj Mahal 4. the Eiffel Tower 5. In her marine biology class, when Gina analyzes information about whales, she a. chats with her friends about what was on TV last night. b, looks carefully at the information and seriously thinks about it. . draws funny pictures of fish in her notebook. 4d. sends a text message with her cell phone. Chapter 1 6. If you want to become a master at tennis, what should you do? a. Take lessons from an excellent coach and practice every day. b, Use an old tennis racket that doesn’t work well, c. Eat fast food. d. Wear uncomfortable sneakers. 7. What would Bo say if he intended to learn French? a, “Ineed to buy a book about learning Japanese.” b, “Tonight I'm going to listen to Czech music.” c. “Lwant to study French verbs this afternoon.” 4. ‘I'm too lazy to learn another language.” 8, Who assists a pilot in flying a plane? a. the passengers b, the flight attendants c. his wife d. the co-pilot 9, What might a witness to a violent street fight do a. read about the fight in the newspaper b, start the fight ¢. go to the hospital d. call for help 10. Which of the following items would a teacher never distribute during a test? a, the answers to the test b. the test papers c. pencils 4. pensLWORD FAMILIES Now that you have studied the ten key words and their basic defi that belong to the same family as some of the key words. A word family includes words that look alike but have different functions (noun, verb, adjective, or adverb). Their meanings are related but different. ons, you are ready to learn words ‘A. Look at each model phrase and decide whether the word in bold is used as a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. jOUN. Tei TT 1. analyze * to think analytically mY + an analytical mind Th + an excellent analysis eZ a 2, assist * toassist people + inneed of assistance 3. intend * to intend to leave * with the intention of leaving 4, master + a master at mathematics + can master this game 5, rival * a dangerous rival * could rival it 6. witness + awitness to the accident + witness a tornado —2_ 1, Please let us know if youneed any a. assistance. —— 2. Alberto thinks analytically, so he can, figure out math problems easi No one can rival Diana's beauty. Ifyou want to master the English language, you need to study every day. Sara's father wanted to know what, Dan’ intentions were; he asked, “Do you plan to marry my daughter or only to date her?” Taylor witnessed the bank robbery, so he described the robber to the police. Let's read the professor's analysis of the situation. B. Match each of the following sentences with the definition of the word in bold. using methods that help you examine things carefully to learn something so well that you know it completely ¢. to be as good or important as someone or something else d. to see something happen, especially an accident or a crime help or support a careful examination of something in order to understand it better something that you plan to do Chapter! [Ep| LSAME WORD, DIFFERENT MEANING ‘Most words have more than one meaning, Study the additional meanings of master, construct, and witness. Then read each sentence and decide which meaning is used. a. master n. someone who is very skilled at something b.mastern. a document from which other copies are made c.constructy. to build something large d.construct v. to form something by joining words or ideas together lly an accident or crime {witness n. someone who watches another person sign an official e.witnessn, someone who sees something, espec document and then signs it also 1 After I had made my copies, I returned the master to the receptionist. 2. When my grandmother signed her will, she asked me to be a witness. 3. The Great Wall of China was constructed thousands of years ago. 4, Fiona is a master at sailing. 5. Good writers use clear paragraphs to construct their essays. 6. The police took notes as the witnesses described the thief. ILWORDS IN SENTENCES _— Complete each sentence with one of the words from the box. analysis construct distributed master rivals assistance debt intends reflected witness 1. When Allison borrowed a lot of money to pay for her trip to India, she went into ___debt 2. The police officers told the family, “If you ______________ anything unusual in your neighborhood, please call us.” 3. Ifyou ______ algebra, you could become a math teacher 4. Graduate students often give professors ___ by grading papers or teaching some classes. 5. Coca Cola’s success ______________ Pepsi's. 6. In the Boston Marathon, water is ______ to runners throughout the race. 7. Which group will ______ the most interesting business plan? 8, Jackie ______ to become a movie star, so he is moving to Hollywood. 9. The scientists’ _______ ofa McDonald's hamburger shows how much fat, salt, and I sugar it has. 10. The mirror ______ Karen's smile. Chapter 1LWORDS IN COLLOCATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS Following are common collocations (word partners) and expressions with some of the key words. Read the definitions and then complete the conversations with the correct form of the collocations and expressions. 1. assist ‘+ assist sb in (doing sth) to help someone do something 2, debt * bein debt to owe money * fall into debt to start owing money 3. master * beamaster at (sth) to be very skillful at something 4. rival « sibling rivalry competition between brothers and sisters 5. reflect * reflect on (sth) to think about something 1. Jue: Wow, look at Yumiko! She's won another championship. Man: That's no surprise. She has a black belt. Yumiko fs'a master at arate, She's certainly stronger than I am! 2. Kavuee: Did you see the new car that our neighbors have, Grandma? It must have cost a fortune! They must be rich. Grawowa: Don't believe it, honey. I heard they lost their jobs a year ago, They pay for everything with their credit cards, so they owe a lot of money. They Kane: I wish I could buy a car like that. Granowa: Don't even think about it, I don’t want to see you into too. 3. Repowre: Could you —__________ your future for a moment? PouiTICiAN: Sure. Reromter, Ifyou become president, what will you do to improve our country? Poumican: Well... , Tintend to construct more hospitals, distribute breakfast to poor students, and give unemployed people job assistance. 4. Momes: My children fight all the time! My at everything in our house. Teac Don't worry. It’s normal for brothers and sisters to compete. That's just son and my daughter both want to be the best Moree: Do my kids fight at school, too? Texcre No. In fact, your son always takes care of his little sister! 5. Orncer 1: Why/is the dog here? Orcer2: This dog is a master at detecting smells and can _____us finding the jewel thief Chapter!LWORDS IN A READING Read this article about personal finance. Complete it with words and expressions from the boxes. distributes fall into debt intend master rivaling PERSONAL FINANCE FOR TEENAGERS When parents and teenagers talk about money, it$ frequently about how much Mom and Dad are willing to give them. Many parents ____Intgnd __to teach their children the skills necessary to personal finance, but they rarely explain how to write checks, handle credit cards, z or save for the future, As a result, many young people spend more money than they should and : In fact, personal finance is rarely talked about at home, only sexand drugs as the least discussed subject between teens and their parents, according to the InC Institute of America, a national nonprofit organization that information about personal finance education. analyze assist construct reflect witness Parents can ______ their children by talking about personal finance before their 3 children go touniversity. The first step in learning to manage moyey is communication between people who exchange thoughts and a financial plan, That's why they all it personal finance. Examples from real life can help young people prepare for their financial future. A teenager who wants a car needs to how much care and money a car requires. In addition to the cost ofthe vehicle, there insurance, maintenance and fuel—the total of which may shock young drivers. As parents, it's important to set a good example. If kids - = Mom and Dad running up credit card debi, it’ likely that they will _______ their parents’ behavior and also overuse credit cards as adults. Remember, however, that it's never too late for even grown-ups to Jearn how to manage their finances—and teach their kids how they did it. (Adapted from “Money: A Subject Teenagers Should Learn at Home.” Courier—Post online, August 28, 2005.) EB chaptersLWORDS IN DISCUSSION Apply the key words to your own life. Read and discuss each question in small groups. Try to use the key words. EXAMPLE ‘The amount of debt which I think is okay to have: $ O— Ai Why don’t you think it's okay to have debt? B: Because | don't want to owe money to anyone. At | disagree. Sometimes you need to have debt, like when you borrow money to pay for college. Something I want to be constructed in my home town: A subject I want to master: Apperson whom I have assisted: —__ Aplace that I intend to visit in my lifetime: If T become very successful, the person who will be my rival: The amount of debt I don't want to have in the future: $ Where I go when I want to reflect on an important decision: Something that is often distributed to people in the mail: A person whose personality I would like to analyze: ‘The most powerful storm that I have witnessed: LWORDS IN WRITING Choose 1 two topics and write a short paragraph on each. Try to use the key words. What kind of person do you intend to be in ten years? How long has this been your intention? Explain. EXAMPLE {n ten years, | Intend to be a businesswoman who has a great job and a wonderful family. | used to think Iwas going to be a doctor and travel around the world, but my intentions changed about year ago. 2. Do you think that it is better to be good at many things or a master at one thing? Explain. 3. If you witnessed a poor person asking for money on the street, would you assist him? Do you think it would be better to give him financial assistance (money) or help in another way? Explain. Do you believe that parents need to pay for their children’s college education, or do you think thai young people should borrow money and go into debt to pay for it? Explain. Do you have an analytical mind, or do you follow your emotions when you make an important decision? Give an example from your past to explain your answer. Chapter! [EI