Linear Predictive Coding

By
Dr.R.Hemalatha, ASP/ECE
 Objectives

Vocoder

Linear Predictive Coding

 Linear Predictive Vocoding

• Parameterize the speech signal according to a physical

model.
• Voice coding  vocoder
 Model for Speech Synthesis
• Speech produced by forcing air through vocal cords,
larynx, pharynx, mouth and nose
Excitation Vocal tract
filter Speech
Source

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Voice vs. Unvoiced Speech

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 Linear Predictive Vocoder

• It provides an artificial sounding reproduction of the original

speech signal.
• It has poor reproduction quality
Application:
• Secured military communication with 4 kb/s (very low bit
rate)
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 Channel Vocoder - analysis
• At transmitter speech is divided into segments. 10-30 ms of
speech production process  stationary.
• Each segment analyzed to determine excitation signal and
parameters of vocal tract filter.
• Each segment of input speech analyzed by a bank of (band
pass) analysis filters.
• Input speech is analyzed to get the following parameters:
• Prediction error filter coefficients
• Voiced /a/, /e/, /o/ or unvoiced /s/, /f/ parameter
• Pitch period (period of fundamental harmonic)
• Energy at output of each filter is estimated 50 times a second
and transmitted to receiver.
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 Channel Vocoder - analysis
• Digital representation of these parameters are transmitted to
the destination.
• Receiver decodes the data and synthesizes the speech signal
from the parameters.

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Model for Speech Production

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 Channel vocoder - synthesis

• Vocal tract filter implemented by bank of (band pass)

synthesis filters.
• For voiced segments, periodic pulse generator is input
• For unvoiced segments, pseudo-noise source is input
• Period determined by pitch estimate.
• Scaled by output of energy estimate.
• First approach to speech compression.

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 Summary

• Linear predictive vocoder and its associated

methodology for speech generation are discussed.
• Analysis and synthesis part of the vocoder is also
analysed.

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