19:17:05 From Fatima 250 : 552 total

19:17:13 From Nimra 250 : 245 rajhya sABHA

19:17:46 From Fatima 250 : Maximum strength of the House is 552 members - 530
members to represent the States, 20 members to represent the Union Territories, and
2 members to be nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian Community. At
present, the strength of the House is 545.
19:20:16 From Gohar Hanif Khattak 253 : sir UK type k ministrial
responsibility to india m nh na means no confidence in one ministr
equals no cnfdnc in cabinet
19:20:27 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : INDIAN CONSTITUTION:• 395 articles, bulkiest
constitution.• India’s a federation meaning, constitution is written, rigid and
distribution of powers with supreme court as the ultimate authority.• India’s
constitution is also yet flexible and some things can be amended via casual means.
• India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a
total of 36 entities.• Parliamentary system, PM is the chief executive; cabinet is
chosen from amongst the parliamentary members and is answerable to it.•
Secular state was envisaged by the framers of the constitution as secular
state. (IS INDIA A SECULAR STATE AT ALL?) • Sovereign democratic republic.•
Fundamental rights and directive principles e.g. equality before law and
freedom speech etc., “rights stated in constitution which are justifiable if
violated”, directive principles are basically guidelines to the state and cannot be
essentially challenged in court if violated.
19:20:53 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : PARLIAMENT:• Bicameral parliament, the
Indian parliament comprises of the president and the two houses - Rajya Sabha
(council of states) like senate in Pakistan and Lok Sabha (house of the people)
popularly elected.• 245 members with 12 nominated by president in Rajya Sabha,
every bill except money bill can be determined/ passed.• Maximum strength of the
House is 552 members - 530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent
the Union Territories, and 2 members to be nominated by the President from the
Anglo-Indian Community. At present, the strength of the House is 545.• CHOSEN FROM
Lok Sabha Is answerable to it as well and has the executive powers, id Lok Sabha
expresses vote of no confidence then the government is bound to leave.• Lok
Sabha has full control over public purse and it passes the bills

19:27:10 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : PARLIAMENT:• Bicameral parliament, the

Indian parliament comprises of the president and the two houses - Rajya Sabha
(council of states) like senate in Pakistan and Lok Sabha (house of the people)
popularly elected.• 245 members with 12 nominated by president in Rajya Sabha,
every bill except money bill can be determined/ passed.• Maximum strength of the
House is 552 members - 530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent
the Union Territories, and 2 members to be nominated by the President from the
Anglo-Indian Community. At present, the strength of the House is 545.• CHOSEN FROM
Lok Sabha Is answerable to it as well and has the executive powers, id Lok Sabha
expresses vote of no confidence then the government is bound to leave.• Lok
Sabha has full control over public-purse, and it passes the bills.• Unitary from
of government is easy to amend because of non-autonomous states/ provinces, issues
occur in states with autonomous local governments or autonomous provinces because
amendment ca

20:08:26 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : • Dicey: federalism is a political

contrivance intended to reconcile national unity with maintenance of state’s rights
20:10:30 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : what settles disputes among center and states
and states themselves?

20:28:22 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : ministers wala kia point ha? can someome tell
20:28:55 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : INDIAN FEDRATION:Federation, 18th amendment and
constitution of Pakistan:• According to Dicey: “Federalism is a political
contrivance intended to reconcile national unity with maintenance of state’s
rights”.• India’s a federation meaning, constitution is written, rigid and
distribution of powers with supreme court as the ultimate authority.• Sovereign
democratic republic.• Supreme court (an institution) settles disputes among
center and states and states themselves. Independent judiciary (a system)•
(Currency, Foreign affairs, defense) Union list, state list (education, law
and order, water distribution), concurrent list (state and system both can
interfere), residuary powers (not mentioned in the constitution) and they are with
the center.• Meaning India is fulfilling all the pre-requisites of a
federation.WHY IS IT CALLED UNITARY FORM?• “The constitution of India is
federal in structure with a pronounced unitary bias”. Dr Banerjee.• Emergency
powers of president e.g. war and internal disturbance,
20:29:04 From Hamza Ijaz-250 : WHY IS IT CALLED UNITARY FORM?• “The
constitution of India is federal in structure with a pronounced unitary bias”. Dr
Banerjee.• Emergency powers of president e.g. war and internal disturbance, India
become purely unitary form of government.• Rajya Sabha can send a state
subject to center with 2/3rd vote majority.• Single citizenship unlike USA,
central government of India represents India at international level. • All
India police service, people from center are working in provinces, federal service
work in provinces but answerable to center.