RCL RELATIVE USE EG a PRONOUN WHO | Subject or Object The woman -She lives next doer- is a doctor pronoun for persons The woman who lives next door is a doctor ROL WHICH | Subject or Object + Do you see the cat which lying on the wall? pronoun for animals or Ra things ‘This building is destrayed last year,they destroyed this building | This is the building which was destroyed last year : ] | iia = RCL WHOSE | Possession for Awidower is man a widower wife isdead people ,animals, and things A widower isa man whose wife is dead wl — ae RG: = == WHOM | Object pronoun for __| She was invited by friend ,she meta friend the party people, | especially in’non- | She was invited bya friend whom she met at the party defining relative clause RCL WHEN | Means:in onwhich | Mondayisthedaywhen\studyEnglishlanguare Refers to time | RCL | expression WHERE |Means:in atwhich | This is the town wherel ve grown up TH Refers to place | RCL WHY _| Means :for which Refers ta reason THAT _| Pronoun for things The boy that sits by me |s my brother i janimnals and persons Ra Jessica works for a company that makes furniture RCL Where is the cheese ? It was on the fridge Nii, ln gla Tol teatro ee Ra fe Ya) Ve Tw cig open weae le. dakab tka rec! * 1S ed = : eee nk | > a a | ‘ pe: ; Lh . IS, = | > by Na ral ie = 7 — “SO f a ret aly tol A lo tp 1@ eg =Salat Encgy eye Every aay , The Suy tiedcates au Cudumolls amout of : Calle! Solar eueeey | kt vacliates more Augy in one decond ose wold fas Used Since bime began, This buengy Cenees fra wile fae Sa itedy Sti. the sour of all eutepy Meant te ae peel ae WRe west Stas | the Sum isa G9 bale made ag mostly of 4 . Hydrogen and ieee gases The Sin mea lees CHErSY VLE ae GeTeS Iu. & process Woy iibaeds iNicleass een or, (4 ™ Tae BENS the Sunt s Core Combine le form Weliem aud Gurale euepy ia aprocess Calllod Nuclear Futon Jo that Fourr(og) Hydreben at bes nechei he nuclei Cue become ‘ge Helium alow Bat ow Delan, Valo Kas Dean Vaan Hee Four ryclrogen alos tat psec.) Eb takes te Sun's tersy jyusk a bttbe Ce) eget minutia ‘ fte travel the B83 miliars miles Eakth | mt eutigy | { sah | Uavels ata speec! of Abb ,ooc mile / Scared the Apted of Legh & the Facliant embeoy bak +4e Sun Quel’ enby q gmuale park of cliant ene bills pace ower (each Hur Coir ,) eperey. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. ect may oe energy not only because of its motion but also because of its position or shape. Fo le when a watch spring is wound it is storing energy. When this energy is released, it will do the: of moving the hands of the watch. This form of energy dig called potential energy. Potential energy is energy . Water in a dam is another example of potential energy. a There are many types of kinetic | and potential energy, including chemical thermal mechanical, electrical, id nuclear energy. Chemical energy is potential energy that is stored in gasoline, food, and oil. Just as the Watch spring needs to be released to do the work of moving the hands, the energy stored in food molecules "needs to be released by enzymes or substances in the body, and the energy stored in gasoline must be leased by the spark | plug to do its work oR propelling thes the car forward/ Thermal energy may be defined as is heated, the molecules move faster which causes that Kinetic energy of molecules. When a : ae ce to feel hot. Mechanicals energy is energy related to the movement of objects. Electric energy 1s ‘that is produced by electric charges. a10: Tike your we hat Te looks: AL Tye met h@e a few Te, ‘but don't ka her z 1.2 Complete these sentences using well » the following words: behaved: dressed informed kept «known = paid «written 1 The children were very good, They were _wellcbehaved. 2 Tim surprised you haven't heard of her. She is quite . 3 Our neighbours" garden is neat and tidy. It is very 4 T enjoyed the book you lent me. It's a geeat story and it very 5 Tania knows a lot about many chings. She is very 6 Mark’s clothes are always smart. He is always 7 Jae has’a lot of responsibility in her job, bur she isn’t very - 1.3 Are the und 1 Vim tired because I've been working hard. 2 Icried hacd to remember her name, but | couldn’. 3 This coac 1s practically unused, I've hardly worn it. 4 Judy is a goad tennis player. She hits the ball hardly. 5 Don't walk so fase! I can’t keep up:with you. = 6 Thad plenty of time, so | was walking slow. ed words right or wrong? Correct them where necessary, so 4 Complete the sentences. Use hardly + the fallowing verbs (in the correct form) change hear know recognise say sleep_-—_speak hardly know each other. . you. . last night. 1 Scott and Tracy have only met once before. They 2 You're speaking very quietly. I can 3 I'm very tired this morning, | : 4 We were so shocked when we heard the news, we cou § Kate was very quiet this evening. She 6. You look the same now as you looked 15 y 7 mer Dave a few days ago, I hadn’t seen him for a long tine and he looks very di ercnnee a word ago. You've I eee him: 5 Complete these sentences with hardly + any/anybody/anything/anywhere/ever, Hardls a 4 feeds “anueriing covets Pll have to go shopping. There's 1 2 Ie was a very warm day and there WAS nwo evands 3 ‘Do you know-much about computers?” ‘No, . 4 The hotel was almost empty. There was. staying there. 5 I listen to the radio quite often, bur! watch television. 6 Our new boss is nor very popular. . likes her 7 It was very crowded in the room. There was ee OAT: 8 We used to be good friends, but we see each other OW, 9 It was nice driving this morning. : : reaffic. 0 to do and ae ee wo Thate this town. There's ...|. Heeklers are people, Hecklersshout out comments. + Hecklers are people [(whoshout out comments.) 2. Speaker's corner isa place. People meet in the speakers” corner: ® Speakers’ corner is a place [wherepeople meet.] Activity 1: 1) Tom works for a company. # makes furniture. * Tom works for a company that makes furniture 2) The book is about a girl. Ske runs away from-heme-——_ © The bock is about a girl who runs away from home 3) What happened to the pictures? Fheywere on the wall. e What happened to the pictures which were on the wall? 4) A mystery is something, H can’t be explained, « A mystery is something that can’t be explained. 3) The police have caught the men. Phey stole my car. © The police have caught the men who stole my car. 6) A cemetery is a place. People are buried Hreeemetery. * A cemetery is a place where people are buried,ein oa abject: @ an stretched obeve the I motche: Gettenes springs = pybber greved fieed Every day, The San Made ates talled SMlar enaciy, dk ractiates mow ancy 1 wold Rak ied Since Cie bepaue. This Bargy an fee San ithe pI s te satire of all euectiy EEE Whe most Stat the Sum isa 69 babe mack c Uydregen. ancl aeaas gases The Stem mea ee energy tes nets le a process Called nucleate Fenn Ge Hyd rece. ttous ie the unt s Core Combine fo frm Helium aud gunate eotegy (4 | au eacuacles amare one Led Corees frou @ L Bid aprodeas Colle d Nuclear Pustod fo that Four? (ayy Hydrotec ot bens free he dele! Pe, becwee “dee Helou Afom , Pub Flelowu, Alone Kas thse wewse Hear He Foal? inp obec Be abons tat # 1) tt takes the Sun's durmey jusk a bttbe ever C9) est tu nules & tinlel the 33 mieaws Pules %& Eakkh | Aalay eungy beloes Viawels at 4 Spec! of AS6,000 Mile / Seid The Apeed of Legh (Le pare @f He Cackcauk onrgy Hak Ae Seve ae enby Q sua en, GeAehe hia Cescotloly ee ean" y i Leer cb ler mine’ one suntactic caleat Pp charac enlish arial Jr is apples lower a Thm to nether caleagr ba SHC Ms. conge the ype. ilo Prd) (low = Shwe t oan -— The: ost commen [Pelins le fern noe Yin accoclemic Enys Re , dis- > Overs UT) mis » ovk: y) CP} = ie, ms off» Wfy Gs!) SFA “into Va => 16 fixe (medem 2 modernise.) (Archae => Archai dye) Wo Vee Fy (gery gory ) Vous 2 fess) © f sub / dis [ex [hyper fin {inter / mal , mis mone, MO lovF y fe 1 sur: ek, under 5 wee! {Sp-> hen Ts 1 ey nes y ism 9» meals anf hip art 1 ern. Gy) intone , aotoboyaphy » bilnaulim » Co-Povnctes demensfra lion , inclusion ) developeren isto dlenk , Sehtee ; pefosal , Preperence » briberes veankness RG al j — ofl jale nova, = (E)=> (slow =< $ love ness ) sys SW 29 GN2) =D Deliver > Deliverance. => vente = wis,Hardly Hardly = very little, almost not. Study these examples: O Sarah wasn’t very friendly at the party. She hardly spoke to me. (= she spoke to me very little, almost not at all) 0 We've only met once or twice. We hardly know each other. Hard and hardly are different. Compare: O He tried hard to find a job, but he had no luck. (= he tried a lot, with a lot of effort) © I’m not surprised he didn’t find a job. He hardly tried to find one. (= he tried very little) You can use hardly + any/anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere: © A: How much money have we got? B: Hardly any. (= very little, almost none) These two cameras are very similar, There’s hardly any difference between them. O The exam results were very bad. Hardly anybody in There's hardly anything in the fridge. our class passed. (= very few students passed) Note that you can say: 0 She said hardly anything. or She hardly said anything. 0 We’ve got hardly any money. or We've hardly got any money. I can hardly do something = it’s very difficult for me, almost impossible: © Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (= it is almost impossible to read it) 0 My leg was hurting me. I could hardly walk. Hardly ever = almost never: © I’m nearly always at home in the evenings. I hardly ever go ‘out. Hardly also means ‘certainly not’. For example: 5 It’s hardly surprising that you're tired. You haven’t slept for three days. e: (= it’s certainly not surprising) | = 5 The situation is serious, but it’s hardly a crisis. (= it’s certainly not a crisis)