Approximate Anaby sis Approximate Analysis is a bechnipus fr obtaining fuss ancl momen in & whocture, oseag Simple cateutahens such that the fortes and moments an Yeaoon: aceuvate. The methok 18 barecl on Suitable orumfphins vegardeny the thy wag. fron ave ckintributek im a Shuckore oma the wage ve defor ms. + Zhe ppammony vse IS fo check th. ckebartet engunerring omolysis anck oboign carried outs + Tt Con alos be vad to Quublly chuck acleguocy va a shnefore ov Strechvek member Te is not meant te subshtete cbtoihih anobysis and obsign Abpeveri make Anokysis of Beoms & frames. Tn determinate beams amck pom es are onely pol byt 2 maki aroumphins about bocatron 4 pf “contra flexure” (Pr of Zero bendingy mom ents) arsumphins about oteshibution of forces among mem bers. we we }—__+_4 [pera Sete Simply Suppoded Benen Fixed Enck Beam (No Inflection Points) 2Inflechon Pes, ° makervoximete Anoky sis yoKimote Ws a Li A 8 we i o ae ot eh Continuous Beam Zn the conhnvos beam ae ae be our the Center shan woutek iS. The focohon the rnflechon pie fon pre ont & woul oleponct upon Hen boundlary cmolifins ot pts BkC+ we Know thot? Locohon 7 inoflechion PE pr simply 4 « for Reed enk beam sofparted beom = ool “ 2 O2NE inflection pk in The tt be that th be A veaconabe. > Esthrmateh Location combnvowt beam ahour 020 Somewhve between O 7 OL ovoumphion out be thot HL =%2b= Gee Lo ows 2 ote w How Laflechon As Mome “2 Reodton® pr @= asus "7 2 L = 0.289wl Moment © A =-9.299w2 x0.2N B a 0.289WL 0.299.wl- 2 =~ (0.06098 + 0.0222) we =-0:0832 wl® ewe? Moment 2 & = 0.289we x o578t a 03%5) : omit OSTEO) + 0.04ITwl Cate es Z oral_Abbronimate Analysis _ P i : oe ose 0.256 — a Fy. (a) 1 waa Q O-727L 4 (6) o a , Kes Faael* Garey (2et4,)e (2%) () (eet (25 =) t BE) geen ee (>) Fixed Enol Beam ODL oan Ouse for ucdceaeae Se Proper Cambrlevey Beam — Locahnon of Inflechon Pls in Beamsroxi mote sts 4 Enornfote. Problem Analyze the beam shou saelow by Approx imade Praly sis, 10 Kits akin te Be a Splitting the problem ito 2 Caseo we haw. ft 124 Ls Qe otter Oo sctans! @ PAS Zee aso rises!) a o2eL oust bot fc saad feafe 2744 asst 74" ist Bs" u OSL = 2.6 ae 93 19 4-07 =2.0K 85K Joe 5.93 SHEAR FORCE Mes - 407 -2 4-875 t. 4.83, SEN DING MOMENT itz 18-3 5.2 48 Lae 148 1okfe NogXy proxi mote. Analy viv Exempeee Colom Inflection PE Come O = O2SCFO27F6 _ 9,262 (k Cope ok 4) 2 Page 3 me 026 Inflenm Ft Coe 2 = O2SEtOL = o2s & a Re ouf & aw OfSo Com Stinfoly sopprrted bean : 27nye é Taflecho peat = (02828 a deste Reockrons © tnflechion PP in Cor QD vege ecb ely re fox BS saa ep (36424) cae fox 24 2 gor (3s +24) Re Con ® tg i = a = 47ikt Ma CoseO = 598K BE = LISA RIE Moment ondw a5 Priest Oe % 204 = 14. 28K fe 2 61K Moment 2 FE _ — 407K nS Con O Moment & PEC "_Abprexivmaate Aaty S10 _ Example Problem Ca ® Sheor @ 2nolInflechon pk = exec! _ as kik Hae bi aes keps 4 Ra@=? Taking mowents of yen FE @ — —~ asx (74+ 19) pawns x (2d ets) — REXTH = 0 2 ee = MeN = skt Th 4 i eit Peele es lias Reacthm & Five Inflewon ft =a = 2xto —RB-Re = po Sas 277K + wa : 2 Fk Ma = ZK = 148 Ki 260. % 74Apprenionote Anoly sis Example Proplem Fl4ag = PL _ oxo 2-128 K-r 8 6 Fempe = wht 2 axle 2 (66TH 7 1 12 Kaas DL. £ e otra k u 15 | 0175. XONE: = OISK Kee = r =k 1S = et. Distyibuhim FactoS pea = —K&_ = 057! K+ 075K pee = vse = 01429 K+ oT ste Ove = = loAbpyroximate Analysts Example Problem tok 2uie SHEAR FORCE aaa €i9.e3:) BENDING MomnewT COMPARISON GF APPROXIMATE £EKACT SOLurionsApproximate Anoty sis_ 9g Portal Frames Povtok Fromes ave quite efficient in tronsm Hing and withstameleng Laterah Forte « The Fipuce Shown brlow shouw the benolny moment and tre iffectesk shape of the poteh frame. Pornts Porta Frome Bend ing Moment Qoflected Shope Case of Very Stiff Givder © Lf the girder (5 Uery Shit oo Com foaweck fo the Columns the bending of the girder t8 ib ee ant the bendeng mom enk ot the bp of the colemn opp roximately ta. Same a0 thot! at thr bas of Her columns. © The inflechion pry in phir Care ave at the miol-heght of th columns < Inflechin Pl -- % Case of Very Sh Ef Girder~ Tnflechon Pls & mictheightla Abpreximote Analysis Por tak Hames Frames imote Anotysts 10 Flexi hte Gir her © En com : ; : ; gle beng pute plenih&e & 7 with Ha eolumn, the pr 4 iaflechion ‘bie Pee th. bp qd ™ ca/umnt. Inflechon Pls VY vip Deflected Shape aa Bending Mtement very, She Girder — Ta lechion Plt_neow ty cofomns Case Assum|ehons por Portod Frames Anoly 51s _% L. Inflechom Plz ow at the. mihbe ight of the columy 2. The sheav in each column tf equet te half cad the pated. ag the fofol ofpl ek Ssheavv0 xi Made SIS u Building Frames Sebjectek fo Verbeek Forces only otk on pooh Dipctran As Bouileung Kame subjected to Verticak Loads only docahion of Tnflechon Pie & ote from Columns The frome it Stobcally indebaminate: nombew of membs = 6 = nombw of indlependink = w= 3x4 al2 Generadink yeachons nombw q Jornts Then, degree of Frckebor mina cy = N= Fo4H-37 ane /2 = BKIGHIZ- BxIt 54 - 36 18 non; Abeproximate Anokysis_ 12 Building Frames Svejected _te Werbicak Forces Only _ Assur prions 1. Inflection pre ocr ak 0 oleatamce. OE Prem the eofumns 2. There ae me anick fr“ oleritefed in tha git dens. The fink eroump trom ylelle 12 actolibrenak equahons eo thee ove 12 hingto/ inftetwon be «The Steonek. arovmptirn yells & adolihenak eguahomns TotaX Number aotolébronah equohons yielotek clus. to sip lef ig araumphiny = 18 SS Net inoleterminen o7 = (8-18 =? > Herne we Se tak the araumpbons mock make thr buslovigg frome tahcolly oleterminote_ Abbrerimate fnakysis ii oe Subjected to _t Loads The Lnterat books such ac wind foo onck Carthquake Boodiny Com be tromsfved fo the floor fesch points in o frome moh of 2 molhistoey Ouitdling. Fallawing G00 rmethede may be used. for Ofprovimmose omobyris of Lakewallyy oaoteck fromes? 1. The Portot Method — Npplicobe fr fromes with Heigl < 1.0 Width 2. Cantilever Method — Applicat. for with Heght > 40 Wirth, Behautour of Lovo -Wise Buskolungs The buitouniga -for which heyght to weeltt, voto is Bow ton 1.0 are mort svitabe Pi maby pio by th. ‘Pavtak Method't Unoin hater ak Loocting- th. behauiovr of och buttaings is Simillay to Shearing behauiow of & solih block. a0 Shown In figure below HA 7 77: Low Rise Building ~ H eho Fore Sheav he 7 : Za pom se—Abbroximate Analysis 8 ow—Rise Burlolin Cam be Oppora xi mate ty anaky yesh dow Rise buitelinga bg the “Portad Methet” Basie amumphons rvequed tn the. Potteh Method are: 1) cLaterak Sheav in each Stover 4S duobibukedh in each pane » This means thot _ do the exterior columnar, 2) There is pone a tnflechon at the Center 4 each Giro 3) There rr & ppoinh 4 inflection of the Comte earh vigil, Connected gone: TAG _arnumypbion pirmeds a. not Off of the column bone ave 4 Medium Helght “Kise Button and high-rise. Gusteenge in ben olerg 0 shown Behausovr Onck Hryh The. meoleum -hel: a Cantilever ts simillay &o bebovo. Tha ania forae/shesies 7” Cofumns cam be estimotek uting elaohc benoling theory. Stresein = On A 74 Compression coe Fore tnll = AG ho Eshmahim of Column ax fal Lov (an ns Combilevev benoli SL high case Fea?Meolium-vise amd high-rise bucldlen "% Subjected fo Latevek oactings com beat be Off rox! mates analy zek using the Cambiteuew Atethael” Basic. Orr wmptrons of Comb lense Mathocl ares The builoluny behaute Like a free stometing. conhleuw. The anit fro in colemnt com be oletermmd wing eloohic, bemolung theory The caoumphin vegavclima focabion of énflechion ple ia girdle ame columns ante. the. fame Go fn the Cao of the “Prtad Method” In cantileuw method th column anal fortes are delermrnsol and then otter moments and forts ave estimalisl:Abbroximote. Anakysis is Abproximote Anotysis _Exompte Problem — Porto Method. Anolyy the Batorallig fooduh frame shown blow by afapprond mak« aneby sis. f-__—_3@ m= 18m ______ H= F444 = 9M Hegg ht = width = We = 1am Heptt ~ wo = 2 2 BK 10 > low-rise Bley “ te Portal Method applicable Width “Analy si6 = Storey @ _ Hechon pte MAH OP sefonng 1st Stovey at~ h SOKN A. v e@ : — G Sheay © Ex fewer Column =? SH-2o => Vr+avt2v+Vve= 6° > 6vVa60 a> V = lek_Abpreximete Anekysis “% Enemnpt. — Ported Mettod 2nok_Stever— Forme MAU ur gona 9, une 50 = SOKN > hua am fen a Takeng mommtt® A mM bete (0x2 = 3 VA > Wa = 222 667KNt 3 Va = 6.07 => VA = = 607k _Frome UBVA THv=0 Eiiceon 50-20 = FV Kvg = 20kN Moment ® 8 — ms 6.7 KB +. 20X2 — BXVVE =O > We = 22 = 667 t 3 Sveo = Vne = = 0 vcewod event LV am 6 3m _W Fee <— Suao Fres30 vee ; : 2m ces => we = 90-20 2 10KN : = 6.67 2 Moment ® © 4— 20 |voe 20 = 667x%3 +20x2 — 3VWe =O 3 Wwe = 22 = 667 t a =v <0 = O = Voc =Algproxi mote Anaky sis 177 and Stover frome OP lo w D Veo = 6.674 — beer Pp i oto Bencling Moment anol Storey Tvep <6.67 ° cor ft G67 4 gat 4 ee lo ie Ha lst Stover psoloke 18h Storey 90 shown below: ae e | e 667 aol | i lo \ . 20 oy 2B, iQ y-z0 @ . a SH =0 GV = GOF!20 V = 30Abbroximate Anotysts ISt Stevey Frame EX SHao Fre = 120 +10 -30 Mom ent ® & ~~ A (0X2 FBOx2S = 3VKE 2 Vee = 95 3 = (00 IKN = me7t Ev so => Vafes Frame XN YR ZH =0 foo x — ENF = 1004+20-60 = boKw } ans? Moments @ F -_ = 31. 67X 3 +60K2S +2OXD -Vye£X3 s0 PVF = 9S 3167 Sveo > Ver =0 Frame Yo?S oe Teo — {31.67 Feo = 6o+20-Go = 20 Mom ent © & ao 2-Vv =BUETXS + 60X25 +20x2 — V2GX3=0 V2g = 252 = BGT KN 3 BNC? 4 667 = 28334 3m wf ne 2m 120 x _ Ee 8m ae S— 30 Ive =36.33 F xe =/00 — tree = 3467 2 Fag =20 Tvece aner S60 JoAlgovoximate Analysis 1$-Stovey eed: 10 } Frome 24PT —yP 20 H Vrs 31674667 = 98.34 fauer Tso tren = 38.34 ERAME BENDING MOMENT APPROXIMATE BENDING MomENT_20 SAP2000_ _ sv2a909 22:07:43 | x co ta | BENOING MOMENTS FROM SAF 2000 Moment Thevha. Giroler 5 15 3 Thies thot y Glumns, | ‘SAP2000 v11.0.0- File:portal- Moment 3-3 Diagram (live) - KN, m, G UnitsApproximate Anekysis. 21 Exam; foblem - Cantilever Method heen own elo ne the busleling frame — Combileuew Methe of Aiproximods Anoty s/s find eA, N2SA )hSA amd A vespechvely. Areoo 4 Columns or' Wm 2 tg 3 hoseeeeete tox ! — isk Is & ee — w v 20 — 8 13 is 16 3m Sain, Building Height = H = (2m a Width =Ws= &™ Hey eae Abeer fee hs 7 M0 => Bldg mag be Width ue é Prolyged by Qom br Tessne A CG of the frome: Methok, Taking moments ® Cof lira 1-5 -9-13 A+ h2SA 405A +A)R = W2TA KDHE VSARSHARB eee H2SAX2 4 SAXS 4+ AXB A => % ha SSAA GENS Pecceracre Oa eee @ ANDSALUTATA) TSAAbperexi mate Analy cis 22 nampte Problem Cantileuw NMethock. Enero. _ sad? Moment Cluxan® Sytem 2 7 4 A379) + L258 XL79) | Ste xG.21) 4 Ax (42I) = 38-2894 on- Mn Feoj = Me. area ¢ a Te Lsolobine Grd Storey i 10kn —| 2m lA Ansa 26 0.99 ze 40s [29 ge 2 N79) Wt gm 498 hr | 09s 22d ——Retermining onial Forces Me 10X2 = 20 kN-m 20 x 3.79KA = L9BKN + Fize = L1.3%KA = aoe 38.2890 aust F297 = LENTIKNASA = 20 KN79XN2SA = LITKNE Zz 38.2890 F328 = = 20 x H2xKsa = a9sknt 38.2808 Bs} F429 = 20 x42iKA = 2.2 Wnt 58.289 Check. Tain moments ® ptt? = Vizex2 = 198X! re | . = 0.99KN => Wy, 26 Fe 2wximate Analy s Problem — Can bile um Method Taxing moments ® Kinge 8 = o_ aA : 99K 2 — 9B XS — WIKIS + V2,22K 2 =O 23 > V2,27 = 6.705 2 Faking. moment ® hinge 19 2.2 XbS — V429KZ = 0 W429 = 3:3 =—_. = = 16S Also, ‘ ™ e —™ a <_ oe (0.99 + 8.85 + V3,28) x2 9B KES — WIRES + O9SKUES =O 2V320 = 803 a Vz,26 = S382 = 4S RN 2 Check Vi2e + V2,27 + ¥3/28 + W429 = 10 0.99 + BBs + 4AOls + 6s = 10 16 00 ~ IOKN OkAbpreximote Anokysir 24 Exam pee Problem Consicley porhion d the uct dung aboye Plame. 30 -31- 32-33 10KN \ Toa 18 3 9 4 le A 33 ta90 bag teh a Mament @ 30-21-22-23 = 10x6+ 15x? = 90 KN -1 F530 = 22 x3,.79K = = Bat 38.2694 ary Fea) = 92. x W79Kl2sa = = 626% 38-2898 Fyg2 = 9 XN2KISA = = 421t 3B 289A (qt Fea, = 92 x 4uxa = eal 38.2094 Chee Taking momenta abast pr 20 ite Lege 26 y—>0.99 Frome 26-5-~ 30-20 2m HBO KL eGR +099 KZ V5,30xX2 =0 = SKN Im 20, 5,20 —_— aie ree Is = 247 KN om \vs:20 V5,g0 = 4:95 z 30 be — V5, 2.475 Fs,3028.9)oxi Mabe sit 25 Cambleas Methoc 98 ('”, 26 Vg sba—Vo31 = 8.38 8.91 Is.26 Taking moments @ 21 (1:98-9.91) xa + (167-5526) KES + (0.99% 20415 + 235)x2 42UG 40 Veg, = f676 = = 8.38ky {* t” (eg le o 33s 41S Les apt yk tee t+ 2m s 8 2m sob. all jo.03 eld 2415, 8.38 V1,32.7 t Ve,33 feczr = 94 226 Taking mem ents @ 22 (198 =B8I)KGS + (INT SOK AS + G27- 095) + (20475 8.384 0099 + 8.34 4.01S)X 2 + 2XV732 0 = 0 aoe => Vy32 = 2005 = 10:03kY z Taking, monremt: @ 22 from Right vids (2.2-99)x 5 + N6SK2 + 2833 =O eas a een te He z = 4-day. 2,47 +838 +1003 + 412 = 2S KN OK Check =.voxémete Anobya 26 Aaenfple Problem ~ Cambilevew Method In simpllay manne next we Igolate Pov tion ¢ the Frome heturen Plones 3O- 3-32- 33 Gmd 34 - 3S = 36-37, amt Solar for unknown fora, vig. equilibvium eguahoms fov breuiky th foreo ove mot cobeetateh anh finak farue ove sShoum below? Rees AT HINGES] TAL STRUT OREv6 ximate 5. Ex amy pe. Problem — Canbrleusy Leth ok. BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM - APPROX. ANALYSIS 2728 1123/09 22:43:58 SAP2000 _ 24 22 NOING MOMENTS FROM SAP 2000 Mornemt 04 Trev hin. of Grraers is | 3 tim of Ce