Tutorial Mathematics

Exercise 1:
Solve the given functions.

a) 𝑥! − 𝑥" = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0,5𝑥! − 𝑥" = −5

b) 3𝑥! + 𝑥" = 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 9𝑥! − 3𝑥" = −30
c) 𝑥! − 2𝑥" = −10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥! − 4𝑥" = −40

Exercise 2:
A furniture manufacturer uses three different machines to make three different types
of chairs.

Type of Chair Time required by machines (in hours)

Chair 1 2 6 4
Chair 2 1 1 2
Chair 3 4 10 6

42
𝑏 = 15
68

a) The production costs are indicated by the vector b. How high are the hourly
cost-price rates from the machines?
Put up a system of linear equations and solve this.

b) Due to maintenance work the machine runtimes are limited as follows for the
following 4 weeks: machine 1: 80 hours, machine 2: 180 hours, machine 3:
140hours. Please indicate how many chairs from which type can be produced
by full utilization of the machines.

Exercise 3:

8 2
4 9 11 5 16 2 4 13
𝐴 = 𝐵 = 6 20 𝐶 = 𝐷 =
7 12 3 4 3 9 −5 2
7 12

a) Indicate the order for the given matrices A, B, C and D.

b) If possible, form the sum and difference of the given matrices.
c) Perform the possible matrix multiplication.

Exercise 4:
Make all possible products of the given matrices.

4 1
4 7 3 1 6 5 8 6
𝐴 = 𝐵 = 𝐶 = 6 9 𝐷 =
2 5 8 2 9 4 3 1
7 2
Exercise 5:
A company produces the goods 𝑃! and 𝑃" . The sales figures for the first quarter as
well as the sales prices are given in the table below:

𝑃! 𝑃"
Sales figures January 5 3
February 9 7
March 4 11
Sale prices 50 90

Individual parts
R S T
!
Consumption 𝑃 4 2 1
for 𝑃" 0 5 3
Cost for 5 2 4
individual
parts

The individual parts R, S and T are required to produce the goods 𝑃! and 𝑃" . The
consumption of these individual parts is shown in the second table.
During production, assembly costs of €7 per piece for 𝑃! and €8 per piece for 𝑃"
arise.
Convert the given data into suitable matrices and vectors and determine with them
for the first quarter

a) The monthly revenue

b) The quantity of individual parts needed each month
c) The monthly costs of the items and the assembly
d) The total monthly costs
e) The monthly profit

Exercise 6:
In a production process, initially three intermediate products are made from two raw
materials and there are then further processed into two end products. The material
consumption in both production steps can be taken from the following tables.

𝑍! 𝑍" 𝑍#
𝑅! 1 2 1
𝑅" 3 4 6

𝐸! 𝐸"
𝑍! 2 5
𝑍" 1 3
𝑍# 0 1

a) Determine the raw material consumption of the two raw materials per unit of
the end product.
 b) If the cost of raw material 1 is €10 per unit and raw material 2 is €15 per unit,
what are the raw material costs per unit of end product?
c) 80 units of end product 1 and 120 units of end product 2 are to be produced.
How many units of the intermediate products are required for this?

Exercise 7:
The company Fix and Foxi produce two different products on three machines. The
available machine capacities are limited, the production coefficients are given in the
following table:

Specified in minutes
Time required per piece capacity
𝑃! 𝑃"
𝑀! 6 4 600
𝑀" 3 9 540
𝑀# 4 6 480
Revenue 10 12

Determine the maximum revenue program.

Exercise 8:
An entrepreneur Karl Schlau has launched two new wellness products, consisting of
fruit and milk. The product, Light & Fruity, generates a contribution margin of €2 per
kg and can be sold with a maximum of 500kg per week. The product Fruit Paradise
achieves a contribution margin of €3 per kg. Here the sales restriction is 400kg per
week. 1kg of milk and 1kg of fruit must be used to make 1kg of Light & Fruity. The
production of Paradise Fruit uses 2kg of milk and 1kg of fruit per kg end product.
1000kg of milk and 700kg of fruit pulp are available for weekly production. Karl
Schlau now wants to align his production in such a way that the contribution margin is
maximized.

a) Create a formal mathematical model for Karl Schlau.

b) Graph the optimization problem and determine the solution.

Exercise 9:
A company purchases the raw material for the manufacture of its product at a price of
€1.50 per kg. 2 kg of the raw material are used per unit of the product. Other variable
costs per unit of the product:
• Finished wages €1.50
• variable production overheads € 0.90
• variable sales overheads € 0.60
The company has the following fixed costs per month.
• Manufacturing overheads €15,000
• Selling overheads €7,000
• Other overhead costs €2,500
The product is sold for €15 per unit. Determine the company's break-even point and
plot revenue, cost, and profit functions.
Exercise 10:
A car rental company rents a car over the weekend at the following rates:

Tariff A: Basic rent €100 plus kilometer fee:

• for the first 100 km: €1 per km
• for every km over 100 km up to 200 km: €0.80 per km
• for every km over 200 km up to 400 km: €0.60 per km
• for every km over 400 km: €0, 50 per km

Tariff B: Basic rent €150 plus kilometer fee:

• for the first 200 km: €0.70 per km
• for every km over 200 km to 500 km: €0.50 per km
• for every km over 500 km: €0.40 per km

Please state the total cost functions for both tariffs as a function of the distance
traveled x and sketch the functions in a coordinate system. Decide which tariff is to
be selected for which likely mileage.

Exercise 11:
A company offers goods at a basic price of €100 per unit of quantity. For orders of
1,500 unit of measure or more, a discount of 15 percent is granted, and for an order
of 2,500 unit of measure or more, a discount of 35% on the basic price is granted for
the entire delivery quantity.

a) Represent the order value W as a function of the scope of delivery x (in Unit of
measure) as a function.
b) Assess the function W(x) with regard to the properties monotony, symmetry,
continuity and reversibility.

Exercise 12:
For each of the following functions the derivative should be formed.

a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 $
!
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = %

"
!
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 = 𝑥 !

d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 # + 𝑒 %

e) 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 " + 4𝑥 − 9

f) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 & × (3𝑥 − 2)

'% !
g) 𝑓(𝑥) = "%(&

h) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 " + 5𝑥 − 8) '

 i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 42 × √𝑥

j) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 ' + 4) × (𝑥 # + 15)

!)% # *+% $
k) 𝑓(𝑥) = #%

!
l) 𝑓(𝑥) = +% ! (!!%($

$%*&
m) 𝑓(𝑥) = (#%(!) "

Exercise 13:
Determine the first to fourth derivatives for the following function:

f(x) = 2x3 +7x2 +9x − 2

Exercise 14:

Given is the total cost function

C(x) = x3 − 24x2 + 600x.

a) Find the first and second derivatives of C(x).

b) Find the average cost function and the marginal cost function.
c) Determine extreme points for the three functions and sketch the course of
functions.

Exercise 15:

You have the following price-sales function:

!
𝑝(𝑥) = − # 𝑥 + 5

a) Determine the turnover function R(x).

b) Calculate the point elasticities of p(x) and R(x) in relation to the set x for 𝑥! = 6
and 𝑥" = 9

Exercise 16:
Find the partial derivatives of the following functions

a) f(x,y) = 12x4 − 10x2y3 + 15y6

b) f(x,y) = 4x5 + 7xy + 8y4
c) f(x,y) = (8x+15y)(12x−7y)
Exercise 17:
Determine the critical points for the following function and state whether the function
has extreme points. If necessary, please characterize the type of extremes.

4𝑥 # − 60𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑦 " + 297

Exercise 18:
For two complementary goods, there is a total demand of 60 units. This demand
should be met at minimal cost. The cost function is:

C(𝑥! , 𝑦! ) = 5𝑥!" − 2𝑥! × 𝑥" + 8𝑥""

a) Use the Lagrange method to find critical points for an extreme point Find.
b) How can you check, without great formal effort, whether the point found is a
local extreme point?