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Procedia Economics and Finance 15 (2014) 830 – 835

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2212-5671 © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Emerging Markets Queries in Finance and Business local organization
doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00531-0
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