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    22 views94 pages

    Savage Smith Chapters On Magic From Scie

    Uploaded by

    ABDOULAYE BA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 94
    THE NASSER D. KHALILI COLLECTION OF ISLAMIC ART VOLUME xIlI Part One General Editor Julian Raby The Nour Foundation : vation with in association witl Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press Published in the United Kingdom by The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press “The Nour Foundation is part of The Khalili Family Trust “The Nour Foundation [Nour House, 6 Hill Steet, London wrx 7ru, England Azimuth Editions 533 Ladbroke Grove, London wrs sax, England Eulted by Julian Raby and Alison Elfeny Design by Anikst Associates (Osford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford ox: 60 Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bombay Caleurta Cape Town Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City [Nairobi Paris Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toroato snd associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford isa trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford Univesity Press Ine, New York Copyright © The Nour Foundation 1997 All eights reserved. No par of cis publication may be reproduced, stored in 2 retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Nour Foundation. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or eviticism or review, ss permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, for in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with ‘the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enguires concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to The Nour Foundation, atthe address above British Library Cataloguing in Publication Dats ‘Madaison, Francis ‘Science, tols & magi. ~ (The Nasser D. Khalili Clleetion of Islamic Art; v.12) 1. Ar, Islamic 1. Title rz, Savage-Smith, Emilie rr1, Nour Foundation wv, Nasser D. Khali Collection of Islamic Art v. Body and spirit v. Mundane worlds 704.2971 fam 0-19-7276 5 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data (data applied for) ISBN 0-19-727610-5 Photography by Christopher Phillips ‘Typeset by Azimuth Editions Printed on acid-free paper by PJ Reproductions, London PART ONE s 2 8 89 n 106 ny 124 ba 148 160 168 186 206 ng 22 aa 260 266 ap a7 ar 282 Contents FOREWORD INTRODUCTION BODY AND SPIRIT The depiction of human anatomy in the Islamic world cat.1-4 Medicine in medieval Islam cat.s—11 A medical, pharmaceutical or perfumery utensil _cat.12 Glass alchemical equipment cat.13-19 Magic and Islam cat.20-23 Magic-medicinal bowls cat.24-38 “Magic-medicinal bowls in China cat39-42 Talismanic charts cat.43—48 Talismanic shirts cat.49-50 Talismanie mirrors and plaques _cat.51-57 Amulets and related talismanic objects eat.s8-104 Divination cat.r05-s17 Astrologer’s globes andastandard cat.r12-114 MAPPING THE UNIVERSE Islamic celestial globes and related instruments eat. 115-118, 123, 1345 138, 142-143, 151, 161 Planispheric astrolabes The earliest astrolabes cat.119-122, 124-126 Indian (Mughal) astrolabes cat.127-133, 135-137 wo globes by Balhumal cat.140-r41 Iranian astrolabes eat.r44-150 Andalusi and Maghribi astrolabes cat.152-154 Quadrants cat.139, 155-160 Finding the direction of Mecca cat.162-167 ‘The da'irat al-mu‘addil cat.168-169 ‘Three rwznames cat.170-172 ‘The Kitab-i Babriye of Piri Reis cat.173 3} rts Cel Ge Oe ee IN ROA OK 3 bee BME ee ABE ‘Composite talismanic chart Tran. rtheentary Oncef fois gost semofe ‘hi bighly reise paper wich ine ledlnes bu ovisible chin ines the dgesraledin gold ad black area 25 y6em famed by Sac gol gree redandbluelines extn nash nd eps ed anak inks ‘win panl defined and sbdivded ‘yl and bck ines sce no. 4 fo 1b (Geecai08) “hiveasmanichat occurs onthe fnstflioofacrefully executed age fomatmanssrip which hough ‘united andaponymoue waren Aen produced foruseinhe Twelver ‘or feats Sit eonmunisyin Ian! "Techs sompoced of evea 231 35,36 405 and om cay 38 ipande atst sass ands Sy. TSHL TSH, rsqsandsq4(ercit) ow eau, jr and 8 ‘cst span isyzandmsy8(eceat) these include locks with talismanic designs,! beehive covers, spoons ladles, scissors and ‘other implements (see, for example, cat 69). Itis almostimpossibleto align atalismanic design on an artefact with its precise equiva- lenein the popular magical manuals such as those by al-Buni. Some of the earliest amulets, ‘of the 9th and roth centuries, have designs that appear to have fillen out of fashion by the sath century or were used only in provinces distant from Syria and Egypt, where most of ‘the manuals originated. The talismanic rings and gems that have been published bear no resemblance o the elaborate designs suggested in the manuals or in treatises on che use of stones in magie.!° Ofall magical artefacts, magic-medicinal bowls are the mostinformative, ‘because the early examples are inscribed with their therapeutic uses. The majority of tlis- manic artefacts, however, fail to specify their intended functions, nor do they name a person oF refer toa particular astrological or calendrical moment such as the Ascendant beingina certain zodiacal sign-in che manner given in theinstructionsin themanuals, One ‘explanation, perhaps, for this discrepancy between artefact and writen sourceis that most of the objects that have survived were made of a durable material and were probably intended to provide comprehensive protection for many different occasions. A general function would require a non-specific design, whereas most of those presented in the ‘manuals are for usein very precisely defined circumstances. ‘There is ample evidence that people of all classes and religions throughout the Middle East, Christians, Jews and Muslims, had frequent recourse to the preventive and curative power of amulets and talismanie objects. In an uncertain world, the educated and wealthy 4s well asthe illiterate and poor employed every means at their disposal to ensure good hhealth and protection from evil and calamity. From the evidence so far available, it would appear that while the magical literature of Islamic societies flourished and nurtured complex theoretical systems, the makers of amulets and other magic equipment maintained simpler tradition. They employed a more limited numberof designs and, with the excep tion ofthe early magic-medicinal bowl, manufactured a generic product useful against all calamities. Moreover, Islamic magical practice, in contrast to the theoretical and literary tradition, appears to have maintained a stricter adherence to the Muslim belief that it was only to God to whom one could turn for protection and cure in time of pestilence, disease ‘or any other dreaded misfortune. ENumerouratempashavebeen etal i96s-Fortheevileye.se Waller 930p.4s-ta;Cansan madetodefinemapimosty in Scligmann igtoandSpooner 1937-8, peygeyiBeee Kear, terms of European prastin, 70 Hiivich 963 pp. 74- 83; 20d whichoeslyalwaysineokes 3 Forthegenreasawholesee—Milncin[igoy forcorother than Gods see ole t9gnjpp. 243-60, 1A good pis sham ‘lat ie Kotansky 1991,p12j;n1sand 4. Foehealngabrinesin sam, sse invoked on ane agi medio Macssg72:Thebestinwodue- Dols iggasppatia3cand bowl: the Collation cat. ‘ionstofsamiemigicareDoutté Crapanzano 1973 Forangely see 12 For magic medicinal bows ‘oil Khaldun-Rosemhal, Macdonald gp0;and Gaudefroy- stated woofer release fom mu ppas6-257, Dole i977, Demombynes tou. ‘indngspol balla gad) ppsrr-qiDob 19, pp.26i-te; 5.SeeDouté 9, pp.siz-37)_andtodiiveoutmalcous apr Twin sgog.pprfoarsiPelow Cansans937-h page Seeca.25 andthe eayon mage: togsiandsce Macdonald r93¢. Donaldson g38,p2chsand medial bow p.96.notn ay Forancxtensivebiblography.see Shin 19, pp.13-4 and 4Ssand aoe efor Anawatitg7:-Forpreiiamic 6 Forrecenttadierofancent _gned oan vorery ijl ImagcalanteedensseeMorony Greekaswologialiconography, sib) andeombat thecleye Iglspps8e-asesTataones see Gundel rpg aod Riche ign; Forexoream inthe lanie ‘Obbisk 99%: Gagerigy2;Sal _foritrinuenein slam see worl, see Capuazano spy aggsind Rene 995, Harener 936 Baer1968;Harmer Boddy 198 andDole 99s, Protetionfromjimismen-__sgpsiandSavageSmth gant, pp.afy-soberpasom toned ontwotaismanimirtors pes. peUaeey 946 9.766 inthe Khali Colesson cts 7-ForlunetesighasceDoute 14 Forastudyer locks with aie and s6.Thesameobjecsako _1g08,pp.asi-o,a4g-Band 88, mani design ses Tors ty coffer protection frommaridand —andCannan937-3,pp.141-3. 14. Forsomectthedesignfor ‘maridamalesndfemaleesil. Ths question wat sasedby_guasrecommended ithe te: spits diobodiento Godan VeneiaPorer when undertaking. tacts Tas ipyrand one(earsehysaeyfromevery shecalogungo lamicamulets Lippincott & Pig gt. For accused demon” hyn intheBrishMuseum, London. examplesofaligmanc gems and hichisshoinvokedontwo 9. Foradiscustioncfthevarious _ rngepretered nthe Rl ‘mazicmedicinalbowis(eat2® _typesofmagieand Latinsquare, Collection sce two othe woes and se)andatalsmanicchare seetheesa ontalrmanicchars, _ofthisealopus, Wenzel tgs sad (ava?) Forthejionseetewin —p1o6-pbelow. Kalas, forthcoming Tygapp.20s-Gand Macdonald to.See Dou 908s ppas4-7 Magicond Ila 63 seroe tip dobre ope ser) The Shams al-ma'arif of al-Buni Maraesh,dsted «Rai 1285 (os aly 86) 23 foie, 24.9 gemolanivory swove paper watermarked. HATA ggymith the des ruledinedsthe textarea, 167512 420, with ota st lines tothe page iten in magbibt serps israedinlac, withsign ean word in ole, green o bles thetentnillgeated with numerous tables and diagrams inthe same colours: ‘heheading and aconpanying margin ‘evice on fli band the lengthy telophon on foios :204-22tbareills ‘inated in gol, white, blue, green sed Fedsflios 1,222,225 2rebank ‘eribe Muhanad Ahead Bana binding burgundy leather covers with reese ented cornenpsce the Assign picked ouin gold and Mae and tome olin in golds reenter ‘oublars tooled gold wthan cove eepen puters Themnostwidly ead medica Mamie. twetiseonalsmans magic square, sdall wane of occu practices wat ‘he Shams ala a (Theillamian- tionof knowlege) ween by Aba- ‘Abba Albrad ih Al iba Yarul sl-Banil-Qurash who didi as. Viewally noting shown of isi, hough ssa to ave ded in Cairo (Offs merous writings on the ‘cca the Sars a-ma'rfwthe ‘mom nln nd a-Bon prepared ‘Shree versions of eying lengths « thortone which was posi the ‘orginal form one of medium-length, sda long one. The later was appa uly the most popula andits sizes ‘fled the fl ile gven inthe py Kitab Shem ab-mt arife-ebr (The gree [versio ofthe] ilumine sionof knowlege) The tetise comptes go chapter dealing with ‘hemapcal se of ruber nd mage squires the ccul propererol ‘erin Quran verses and the amt” ‘Uhura Inal-Bani drew on lenis Jewish and oer pre- Islamic magi practices that had used int the popula eae of his dys wellas incorporating the pious ‘Matlin use ravers and seadings Irom the Ques “The present copy Is g00d example cofthellumination eligaphy and bookbinding produced the sibs ‘workshopsof Maeakesh during the second haltfhe sghcentury. ‘Accondngtotbe illuminated colophon sthebotom offolio 2305 the copy ‘was finced on «Rabi Jly 1868) and nah arg iluminated redalion on the following page {ali s3cb)ehe see pve his msn as Muhammad ion Ahmad Banani sl-Marahush He oes on specify the Marrakesh wash homesince ‘hilo alms’) hath fay wasfrom Fel dara ast als and hathe was descended from ‘hetabe of Naif Naftanaan® “he scibesttesindhesame mele lia thatthe copy was prepared for Mavlana Hasan ibn Amita Miia Mavlana Muhammadibn Amir aL Minin Mawlan‘Abd -Rahman ibn Amica Minin Mawar Hisham ibn Amiral Meninin Malana Muhammad Amiel linn Mavlana“Abdallahiba Amie U-Mminin Malan email From thins evident ehatche copy wae pro ‘dave forthe fore Sula Hasan of Morocco rg.1873-1895), during the eign of his facet. Mokammad (0859-1873) Iaewo subsequent fl page illuminacod medallions the sxbe, fer seeing the blessings of God ponthe recipient, provides unusually ‘euiledinformation abouts method of colling he manseriptand obtain. Ingthe bert possible ext. The preset copy the fia voame fromatwosorthree volume sce and consis ony the las wo chapters of thereat hellaminated esdingom folio rostating thatthe om gine withthe tid par (ja ofthe ease. Beniththe heading the texthepine withthe gth chapter fs), thelongest in theteatse onthe ocultuseathe cond a-dan. The copy then con ‘ludes withthe gthfas related to prayer andinvocatons followed by appendix (fharna) ving waiont hans of athorite for scholrsin ‘clevane area of expertise suchasthe Inapcl ses ollener numeral (i ‘burp Inthe modern pine di ‘Sone ofthistestise the emir compo sim divided nt fourrather dam fre pars andin thereon the sth and goth chapter as wells the append ae consequently placedat ‘heend ofthe fourth rather than the Sid jo ashere™ "This copy includes a umber of carey deswn diagramed angie sgveres some with old decorton Aparicaliry well rested ample, ‘whichis morelaformaive thane “Sunaentin gb prints verons, sccursonfoio sain the discussion of (cf the amt a-baondnmely ‘lm Onision), The chars intended ells the relionship (of God withthe. God repre seated by some of His nares writen ‘vthin cies peed oastyized Inuman ors, whe the jinn ace ep seted by symbols atthebotom nd Figh-handsie of the diagram” “Thee ae mary coretont by the sce and some exesive lose. 2. Ullmann 1973,99.354 399-985 Dietrich. 2. Thetis tenon fli bine minted heading snd oni 3305 inline isheiluminatedcolophon. 5: Forthedivinenames rept of Godlee buna se Gacdet 196; Don igo ppig9-2035Fabd 1966 pp.s3-atiand Gimaret 1988 4 Theintnded vocalization and emingefthe word ‘Bana re clear 5. Forthename of his Berber tbe, se Nate 193, ‘6 Thetexcorespondstothatin Bung Part pp.as—s4esand lByni=al Ahan, Pare. pp 29-13. 7.Seclewn 994 pp.203-206 and Dols i992 pp218-15 Magicand Blam 65 a A veatise on the magic properties of letters and magic squares Midale Eas stheenury 198 folios, a1 xs.5em, of dark cream, burished Europea ad paper sth i nes to the centimetre and Singlechin ins the vent writen in three diferent nah hands in two di ferentsypesof black nk, with abies tions on folios yb-inb, 5 lines ofa well-formed, sight angular ask ‘rite within tet area -6%9. 5 onfolios 152-2ab, 25 lines ofa more casive best clearhand within text srexof the ssmedimensionssand on folios 232~198a, 19 lines of slightly larger similarly cusivehand wihina texarea 165 «8.5 mall hreesec- ‘ions arelloested wth nmerous tables and diagrams in blac and ved folios 1-3 198 bearlater nots Binding burgundy leather covers and flap ruled in bind witha double frame and set with scentre-psce and pendants, corner pieces snd border ‘cartouchessampedin gold on separate piece of leather doublures of dark ream aid paper printed withafloral designingold secon na. 88245 ‘Thisis the only recorded copy of previously unknown weatise om magic Squares andthe magical properties of leer ed Talib Shams sbafag (The epitome the lumina tion ofthe Sbamsalsifaq’) The anony ‘movsasthor of this abridgement gives thee of thetreatsein the preface (oie alae 6) and again atthebegin- singof the conclusion folio 16 line 1): He tates (folio 4 lnes)that he based ton Shem abafag fma'ifat al buraf a aafag (The sont ita tands regarding knowledge of themagicl properties of leersand magic squares) a weaise that was ‘wren in 433 by ‘Abd al Rahmansl- BisamiaSyrian mystic of the ura order of derishes who movedrothe ‘Onoman pital and gained he four cof Sultan Murad, owhom the ‘went is dediested: “Thetrease consists of anintroduc sion mugaddimat)in 28 seins (as}on the magic etibutes and alignment flees; 28 durras (pearls), one devoted wo eacheer of the alphabe, wth an addendun (Uh ‘imab) on lara cach with soci sted magi squares, Latin squares and talismans; tnd aconclsion(eatinal) Jew chapters (fal)? Inthe conclu sion,aninteresting history ofthe art of Teme magi gives the names of various sources and authorities including ychagoras, Pato, Hermes and Galen (lio 68b-173b). Thi followed by st lab agai, peal) in hich echleter ofthe alphas 66 Magicand Isto signed aliemanicuses(oios173b~ 186). Various Artbicauthoiiesare

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