Diesel Fumes 1

Diesel Particulates & Indoor Environment Assessment
REPORT
Joint Logistics Command

School of Armour - Building 23
PUCKAPUNYAL VIC
PREPARED BY
Defence Centre for Occupational Health

CANBERRA
10 SEPTEMBER 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 2
2 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 SAMPLING LOCATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3
3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 4
3.1 INDOOR ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 EXPOSURE STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES ............................................................................................ 4
4 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1 TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 RELATIVE HUMIDITY............................................................................................................................ 5
4.3 CARBON DIOXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE ......................................................................................... 5
4.4 GENERAL INDOOR AIR QUALITY SPOT CHECKS .................................................................................... 6
4.5 RESPIRABLE-SIZED DUST PARTICLES ................................................................................................... 6
4.6 LIGHTING ........................................................................................................................................... 6
4.7 VENTILATION ...................................................................................................................................... 7
4.8 DIESEL PARTICULATES ....................................................................................................................... 7
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 8
5.1 TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ............................................................................................. 8
5.2 CARBON DIOXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE ......................................................................................... 8
5.3 RESPIRABLE-SIZE PARTICULATES ........................................................................................................ 9
5.4 LIGHTING ........................................................................................................................................... 9
5.5 VENTILATION ...................................................................................................................................... 9
5.6 DIESEL PARTICULATES ..................................................................................................................... 11
6 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................................... 12
7 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 12
8 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 13
APPENDIX A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

DCOH Joint Logistics Command
Defence Centre for School of Armour, Puckapunyal VIC
Occupational Health (Puckapunyal IEQ v1 2008.doc) 10 September 2008
Page 1
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Defence Centre for Occupational Health was requested by Joint Logistics Command, to
undertake an indoor environment and diesel particulate matter assessment of the School of
Armour at the Puckapunyal Army Base, following concerns raised by contactors and Department
of Defence occupants. The concerns included a ‘haze’ inside the building that builds up following
routine maintenance and testing on the M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks, ASLAVs and the M113
Armoured Personnel Carriers.
In addition to the diesel particulate matte assessment, a number of parameters, including

temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, respirable-size dust, lighting
and general ventilation, which may impact on exposure and workplace comfort, were also
investigated.
These parameters were monitored on the 5 August 2008 at selected locations in the workshop
and on the mezzanine office level with additional spot measurement taken as required.
Monitoring results for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, humidity, respirable-sized dust particles
and light levels are considered to be within acceptable limits. Temperature appears to be
adversely affected from ambient conditions, including the office areas. While this is difficult to
control in open workshops, the office environment should be further assessed for adequacy by
HVAC engineers.
The diesel particulate exposure assessment indicates that workers involved in repair and
maintenance in tanks in the workshops and those working in the offices in the mezzanine in the
workshop are not exposed to levels of diesel particulates that present a significant risk to health.
The air monitoring results for the personnel and areas monitored indicated no detectable
(<0.01mg/m3) quantities of elemental carbon (EC) which is at least 10 times below the exposure
guidelines.
While it appears that the ventilation system is delivering high-levels of fresh air at worker level,
based on the assessment of the workplace, the general ventilation used is inadequate for
removal of contaminants. Although diesel particulates can be invisible, fumes generated from
vehicle emissions are clearly visible in the upper levels of the building and indicate, in the case of
the School of Armour building, inappropriate ventilation design controls for the activities
undertaken inside the building.
It is recommended that the current fixed glass windows present at the roof height be replaced in
full or in part by mechanical louvered systems to allow for removal of contaminants at ceiling
level, whist allowing for some control on managing temperature. If the haze issues continue on a
regular basis, forced air removal mechanical systems may need to be considered in addition to
this recommendation.

Page 2
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Scope
The Defence Centre for Occupational Health (DCOH) was requested by the Director Planning,
Governance and Safety, Joint Logistics Command (JLC), to undertake an indoor environment
assessment, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) assessment of the School of Armour at the
Puckapunyal Army Base, following concerns raised by contactors and Department of Defence
occupants. The concerns included a ‘haze’ inside the building that builds up following routine
maintenance and testing on the M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks, ASLAVs and the M113
Armoured Personnel Carriers.
In addition to the DPM assessment, the following additional parameters which may impact on
exposure and workplace comfort were also investigated:
y Temperature
y Relative Humidity
y Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
y Carbon Monoxide (CO)
y Respirable-sized Dust Particles
y Lighting
y General Ventilation
These parameters were monitored on the 5 August 2008 at selected locations in the workshop
and on the mezzanine office level (as detailed in section 2.2) with additional spot measurement
taken as required.
2.2 Sampling Locations
After discussions with staff located within the building, a number of key locations were selected to
represent a typical working environment for various similar exposure groups within the School of
Armour. These included the M113 Tank and Abram Tank workshops (opposite ends of the
building) and the office environment on the mezzanine level. Additional locations were selected
for spot measurements throughout the building following review of activities.

Page 3
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Indoor Environment
Temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and respirable dust
were continuously monitored, averaged every 1 minute for a period of approximately 4 hours on
5th August 2008. In addition, spot measurements were taken throughout the workshop and
offices.
Temperature, Relative Humidity, CO2 and CO were monitored using a TSI™ Q-Trak Plus Indoor
Air Quality Monitor. Respirable-sized dust particles were monitored using a TSI™ Dust-Trak
Monitor. Lighting was measured using an Extech™ 407026 Light Meter and ventilation measured
by a TSI™ VelociCalc Anemometer.
Diesel Particulates were collected using SKC™ DPM Cassettes with GS-1 cyclones and
analysed by Coal Services Health using NIOSH method 5040.
3.2 Exposure Standards and Guidelines
The results of the monitoring and workplace assessment have been compared to the guidelines
provided by the following organisations:
• World Health Organisation (WHO), Guidelines for Air Quality, 2000
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

(ASHRAE) Standard 55-2004. Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy
• National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Interim National Indoor Air
Quality Goals 1996
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold

Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agent and Biological Exposure
Indices 2008
• Australian Safety and Compensational Council (ASCC) (formerly the National

Occupational Health and Safety Commission), Adopted National Exposure Standards for
Atmospheric Contaminants in the Occupational Environment [NOHSC:1003(1995)]
• The NSW Minerals Council, Diesel Emissions in Underground Mines – Management

and Control 1999
• US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) – Exposure of Diesel Particulate

Matter Final Rule, 30 CFR Part 57 Federal Register Vol 70, No.107. 2005
• Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists (AIOH) Position Paper Diesel

Particulate and Occupational Health Issues, Exposure Standards Committee 2007
• Australian Standard AS/NZS 1680.1:1990' Interior lighting: General principles and

recommendations and AS/NZS 1680.2.4:1997': Industrial tasks and processes
• Resources Division, WA Department of Consumer & Employment Protection (DOCEP)

MineSafe, Vol 14 2005

Page 4
4 RESULTS
4.1 Temperature
The results of the temperature monitoring are presented in Table 4-1 below. The data is
displayed in graphical form in Appendix A. Spot measurements are set out in Table 4-4.
Table 4-1 - Temperature Monitoring Results
Location Monitoring Average Minimum Maximum

Period Temperature Temperature Temperature
(oC) (oC) (Time) (oC) (Time)
Fleet Office 05/08/08 09:20 - 16.8 16.2 17.1
05/08/08 13:30 (12:16) (13:14)
4.2 Relative Humidity
The results of the relative humidity monitoring are presented in Table 4-2 below. The data is
displayed in graphical form in Appendix A. Spot measurements are set out in Table 4-4.
Table 4-2 - Relative Humidity Monitoring Results
Location Monitoring Average Minimum Maximum

Period Relative Relative Relative
Humidity (%) Humidity (%) Humidity (%)
(Time) (Time)
Fleet Office 05/08/08 09:20 - 48.5 47 50
05/08/08 13:30 (10:08) (10:35)
4.3 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
The results of the CO2 monitoring are presented in Table 4-3 below. The data is displayed in
graphical form in Appendix A. The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide spot measurements are
set out in Table 4-4.
Table 4-3 - Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Results
Location Monitoring Period CO2 (ppm) CO (ppm)
Average Maximum Average Maximum

(Time) (Time)
Fleet Office 05/08/08 09:20 - 565 710 0.0 0.0
05/08/08 13:30 (10:35) (n/a)

Page 5
4.4 General Indoor Air Quality Spot Checks
Table 4-4 – General IAQ Spot Check Results undertaken on 5/08/08
Location Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Temperature Relative Humidity

(%)
(ppm) (ppm) (ºC)
Supervisor’s Office 570 0 17.0 53
WO Office 530 0 17.5 48
Workshop (Abram) 680 2 15.1 61
Workshop (M113) 668 1 16.1 61
Passageway between 670 0.5 15.6 60
workshops
4.5 Respirable-sized dust particles
The results of the respirable-sized dust particulate monitoring are presented in Table 4-5 below. The
data is displayed in graphical form in Appendix A.
Table 4-5 – Respirable Dust Monitoring Results
Location Monitoring Period Respirable Dust Maximum Respirable

Averaged (mg/m3) Dust (mg/m3) (Time)
Fleet Office 05/08/08 09:20 - 0.005 0.011

05/08/08 13:30 (10:10)
4.6 Lighting
The results of the Illuminance spot checks are presented in Table 4-6 below.
Table 4-6 – Illuminance Results
Location Area type Illuminance

(lux) *
Supervisor’s Office Office – general at desk 364
Fleet Room Office – general at desk 458
WO Office Office – general at desk 312-564
Workshop (Abram) Factory – workshop (engineering) 307-471
Workshop (M113) Factory – workshop (engineering) 520-990
Passageway between workshops Circulation Area 210
*External weather: fine, partial cloudy day

Page 6
4.7 Ventilation
The preliminary ventilation assessment indicates a general velocity in the workshop around the armoured
vehicles is 0.4m/s. The workshop relies on natural ventilation with no obvious thermal displacement
ventilation and no use of mechanical or local exhaust ventilation.
Office areas on the mezzanine level are serviced by air conditioning, however it was noted that it is only
used periodically due to maintenance /operational issues with heating.
4.8 Diesel Particulates
The results of the diesel particulate monitoring are presented in Table 4-7 below.
Table 4-7 – DPM Results
Sample DPM Concentration (mg/m3)

Date Sample Type Location
No.
Organic Elemental Total
05/08/08 858571 Active / Personal Abram Workshop 0.11 <0.01 0.11
05/08/08 858508 Active / Static M113 Workshop 0.08 <0.01 0.08
05/08/08 858569 Active / Static Workshop Passageway 0.21 <0.01 0.22
05/08/08 858567 Active / Static Supervisors Office 0.10 <0.01 0.1
05/08/08 858511 Active / Static Warrant Officer’s Office 0.09 <0.01 0.09
Exposure Guidelines TWA (8hr) AIOH Recommendation 0.1

Minerals Council (NSW) 0.1 0.16*
DOCEP (WA) 0.1
MSHA (US) 2008 0.123 0.16*
Sample time: 240 minutes; Sample Volume 480 Litres. Except 858567 – 185 minutes.
3
LoD = <0.01mg/m ≡ 0.001µg/filter.
* Not indicative of actual exposure. See section 5.6 for further information.

Page 7
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
5.1 Temperature and Relative Humidity
Temperature and relative humidity are considered comfort indicators in workplace controlled
buildings.
For workplace facilities the guideline temperature ranges to satisfy the majority of occupants are
for winter 20oC to 24oC and for summer 22oC to 26oC (The American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55-2004). For this
investigation the winter temperature range of 20oC to 24oC and recorded levels, in terms of
optimal comfort, were unsatisfactory, especially in office areas. Temperatures inside the office
during the assessment ranged from 16.2oC to 17.1oC. These temperature ranges are
representative of ambient levels. It was noted that the air conditioning system is not always
turned on as it can get too warm, indicating an over compensation in balancing due to loss of
heat. As this is only a guideline, if all occupants are comfortable then this can be deemed
acceptable, however conditions at other times of the year are unlikely to meet the ASHRAE
guidelines.
Relative humidity (RH) of between 30% and 70% is considered suitable for indoor air quality.
Low humidity levels (below 30%) can cause drying of the nose, throat and eyes, it can irritate
wearers of contact lens and increase the problem of static electricity, whilst high humidity
promotes the growth of bacteria and mould and can cause respiratory illness. The Relative
Humidity measurements for all levels were generally within recommended guidelines; however it
is also acknowledged that the workplace is significantly impacted by ambient conditions.
5.2 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations provide an indicator of the adequacy of ventilation
within the facility. Carbon dioxide concentrations of 800ppm should be the upper limit to indicate
adequate fresh-air supply to a given building. Levels of 800 to 1,000ppm usually indicate
inadequate ventilation (insufficient fresh air) and may cause mild discomfort (in terms of odour
and staleness of the air), but these levels are not indicative of risk to human health. The World
Health Organization (WHO) has set a goal of 1,000ppm of carbon dioxide in indoor air for
amenity. The Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC) has set a national exposure
standard of 5000ppm over an 8-hour shift.
The concentration levels recorded for CO2 for all areas were below the WHO guidelines and
ASCC standard. In summary, the Carbon Dioxide monitoring over the entire period in all locations
was below the WHO exposure goal and indicates significant fresh-air ventilation.
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) have set a goal of 9ppm for
Carbon Monoxide (CO) indoor air quality. The Australian Safety and Compensation Council
(ASCC) has set a national exposure standard of 30ppm over an 8-hour shift. The levels for CO
in all areas were below the NHMRC guideline and ASCC standard. In summary, the Carbon
Monoxide levels monitored in all locations appear satisfactory.

Page 8
5.3 Respirable-size Particulates
Particles arise in indoor air from outdoor sources (including vehicles and industry in the workshop
and surrounding military activities), environmental tobacco smoke and fuel-based heating
appliances.
For occupational settings, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

(ACGIH) exposure guideline for Respirable-sized Dust is 3mg/m3 for an 8-hour TWA. The
Respirable-sized Dust Particulate levels recorded on all levels were all well below the ACGIH
TWA exposure guideline of 3mg/m3. In summary the Respirable size dust particle levels
monitored are satisfactory.
5.4 Lighting
The level of lighting (or illuminance) affects task performance (including safety) and the visual
environment. Poor lighting can results in eyestrain or headaches. Good lighting provides suitable
conditions for an appropriate task (ie workshop, office, lunch room) and provides an acceptable
level of visual comfort. Australian Standard (AS/NZS 1680) provides a range recommended
levels of illumination for particular applications.
The results of the Illuminance spot checks are presented in Table 5-1 below.
Table 5-1 – Illuminance Results
Location Australian Standard AS 1680.2 Recommended Illuminance

(lux)
Workshop (general) AS 1680.2 160
Workshop (machine tooling) AS 1680.2 400
Workshop (medium work) AS 1680.2 400
Office (desk) AS 1680.1 400
Office (detailed tasks) AS 1680.1 600
Office (computer) AS 1680.1 240
Passageway /stairs AS 1680.2 80
Results as provided in Table 4-6, when compared to recommended levels in Table 5-1 indicate
that the levels within the workshop and offices are satisfactory.
5.5 Ventilation
Appropriately designed and maintained ventilation is an effective method to control low toxic
exposures or to provide greater comfort to workers.
During the assessment a number of general activities were undertaken including the dog bone
process as well as less occurring activities such as an abort start, which generated large
amounts of smoke produced from burnt oil. It was also noted that air contaminants generated
typically move to the M113 section part of the warehouse and sit at roof level, sometimes for the
entire day.

Page 9
Based on the results of the exposure assessment, the general ‘movement of air’ ventilation near
workers appears to be satisfactory; however with respect to the building and the internal use of
vehicles, it is inadequate for removal of contaminants in the workplace. Currently, the building
has no ventilation from the roof with the windows being sealed. The workshop has no obvious
thermal displacement ventilation and no use of mechanical or local exhaust ventilation. As such
the building is currently reliant on limited dilution ventilation, with the extent of that dilution almost
wholly controlled by the opening and closing of the roller doors (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the general

flow of air within the School of Building (23)
with no ventilation from roof.
The removal of contaminants within the building will improve with the removal of the fixed
windows in the roof space and replacement with controllable louvered windows. This method
essentially adds a displacement ventilation aspect to the building by reducing the concentration
at the breathing zone of workers and allowing thermal currents to displace and remove
contaminants from the ceiling space where it accumulates (Figure 2). This form of ventilation
works best when the contaminants are warmer than the surrounding air (such as vehicle
exhaust), the supply air is cooler (from outside roller doors) and the room has considerable
height.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the general

flow of air within the School of Building (23)
with ventilation from windows in roof space.
The rate of removal will vary according to the climatic conditions, such as wind direction and
temperature and on the quantity of fresh air being supplied from roller doors; however it provides
an adequate and cost effective method of controlling low-level contaminants and odours
associated with the workshops. Mechanical systems are advantageous as they can be used to
manage contaminant removal rates, as well as temperature.
It is important to note that the use of louver based windows at roof level is typically a feature of
buildings of this design in order to allow for both contaminant removal and natural lighting.
Fixed roof ventilators, such as whirlybirds or ridge vents, may be effective if used in large
numbers, however locations need to be carefully considered as the purpose of these ventilators
is to remove hot air, from a limited inlet, rather than assist in contaminant flow. An additional
factor to consider when using these systems is the thermal impact that can occur in cooler
weather, especially if they cannot be mechanically controlled.

Page 10
5.6 Diesel Particulates
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is a complex mixture of elemental carbon (EC) particles, soluble
organic carbon (OC), including higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as other
metallic compounds. DPM, especially from poorly maintained or older engines, can also contain
some small amounts of nitrates and sulphates and many other trace compounds. DPM is made
up almost entirely of tiny particles below 1-3µm (microns) as well as ultrafine particles that are
smaller than 1µm.
On the molecular level, carbon in DPM attracts other chemical molecules found in diesel exhaust
as well as chemicals in the ambient air creating a potentially toxic mixture of materials in the
particles and posing further danger when inhaled. The primary route of exposure to these
chemicals is through inhalation (due to the small size of the particles). Secondary exposure is
possible through dermal absorption but only if ambient air concentrations are high.
In humans such symptoms of exposure include asthma and other respiratory problems,
especially with long-term exposure to DPM in ambient air.
Diesel Particulate Matter has also been associated with mutagenic properties and as such it be
believed that it can cause cancer. In addition, because DPM is a complex mixture they may also
provide a direct route of exposure to other carcinogenic chemicals.
The ASCC has not released a national exposure standard on DPM, therefore many of the
exposure guidelines have been developed by state or international regulatory mining bodies such
as Resources Division (DOCEP-WA), Minerals Council (NSW) and the US Mine Safety and
Health Administration (MSHA), specifically for the use in mining operations as most occupational
exposures to DPM occur in underground mining, where levels can exceed 20-50 times exposure
guidelines. In addition, the Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists (AIOH) has developed
an exposure standard for application in all workplaces.
The DPM monitoring was conducted over a 4 hour period inside the building, with the doors open
and closed at various times of the days as per regular activities.
The air monitoring results for the personnel and areas monitored indicated no detectable
(<0.01mg/m3) quantities of elemental carbon (EC) which is at least 10 times below the exposure
guidelines.
Levels of organic carbon (OC) in the results are the primary source for elevated total carbon (TC)
and appear to be above the exposure levels recommended by some guidelines. However
elemental carbon (EC) is used as the primary criteria for the exposure assessment outside of the
mining industry as it is a more accurate measure. DPM in non-mining is subject to interferences
from non-DPM combustion sources such as solvents and other visible emissions.

Page 11
6 CONCLUSIONS
Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, humidity, respirable-sized dust particles and light levels are
considered to be within acceptable limits. Temperature appears to be adversely affected from
ambient conditions, including the office areas. Whilst this is difficult to control in open workshops,
the office environment should be further assessed for adequacy by HVAC engineers.
The DPM exposure assessment indicates that workers involved in repair and maintenance in
tanks in the workshops and those working in the offices in the mezzanine in the workshop are not
exposed to levels of DPM that present a significant risk to health.
It appears that the ventilation system is delivering high-levels of fresh air at worker level.
However based on the assessment of the workplace, the general ventilation used is inadequate
for removal of contaminants. Although DPM can be invisible, fumes generated from vehicle
emissions are clearly visible in the upper levels of the building (transported by heat and
convection cells within the building) and indicate, in the case of the School of Armour building,
inappropriate ventilation design controls for the activities undertaken inside the building.
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the current fixed glass windows present at the roof height be replaced in
full or in part by mechanical louvered systems to allow for removal of contaminants at ceiling level
whist allowing for some control on managing temperature. If the haze issue continues on a
regular basis, forced air removal type mechanical systems may need to be considered in addition
to this recommendation.
Nathan Redfern CPMSIA MAIOH CChem

Consultant Occupational Hygienist
Reviewed & Approved
Martin Jennings FAIOH COH CIH

Senior Occupational Hygienist

Page 12
8 ABBREVIATIONS
o
C degrees Celsius
ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
AIOH Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists
ASCC Australian Safety and Compensation Council (formerly NOHSC)
ASHRAE The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
AS/NZS Australian / New Zealand Standard
CO Carbon Monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
DCOH Defence Centre for Occupational Health
DOCEP Department of Consumer and Employment Protection (WA)
DPM Diesel Particulate Matter
HVAC Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
lux Illuminance (measurement)
µg micrograms
mg/m3 milligrams per cubic metre
m/s meters per second
MSHA Mine Safety and Health Administration (US)
NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council
ppm parts per million
RH Relative Humidity
TWA Time Weighted Average (8-hour)
WHO World Health Organisation

Page 13
Appendix A

Page 14
Appendix A

Page 15

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Diesel Particulates & Indoor Environment Assessment

Joint Logistics Command

Defence Centre for Occupational Health

APPENDIX A GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF RESULTS

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

In addition to the diesel particulate matte assessment, a number of parameters, including

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

2.2 Sampling Locations

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

3.1 Indoor Environment

3.2 Exposure Standards and Guidelines

• World Health Organisation (WHO), Guidelines for Air Quality, 2000

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold

• Australian Safety and Compensational Council (ASCC) (formerly the National

• The NSW Minerals Council, Diesel Emissions in Underground Mines – Management

• US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) – Exposure of Diesel Particulate

• Australian Institute of Occupational Hygienists (AIOH) Position Paper Diesel

• Australian Standard AS/NZS 1680.1:1990' Interior lighting: General principles and

• Resources Division, WA Department of Consumer & Employment Protection (DOCEP)

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

Table 4-1 - Temperature Monitoring Results

Location Monitoring Average Minimum Maximum

4.2 Relative Humidity

Table 4-2 - Relative Humidity Monitoring Results

Location Monitoring Average Minimum Maximum

4.3 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide

Table 4-3 - Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Results

Location Monitoring Period CO2 (ppm) CO (ppm)

Average Maximum Average Maximum

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

Table 4-4 – General IAQ Spot Check Results undertaken on 5/08/08

Location Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Temperature Relative Humidity

4.5 Respirable-sized dust particles

Table 4-5 – Respirable Dust Monitoring Results

Location Monitoring Period Respirable Dust Maximum Respirable

Fleet Office 05/08/08 09:20 - 0.005 0.011

Table 4-6 – Illuminance Results

Location Area type Illuminance

Fleet Room Office – general at desk 458

WO Office Office – general at desk 312-564

Workshop (Abram) Factory – workshop (engineering) 307-471

Workshop (M113) Factory – workshop (engineering) 520-990

Passageway between workshops Circulation Area 210

*External weather: fine, partial cloudy day

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

4.8 Diesel Particulates

Table 4-7 – DPM Results

Sample DPM Concentration (mg/m3)

Exposure Guidelines TWA (8hr) AIOH Recommendation 0.1

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

5.1 Temperature and Relative Humidity

5.2 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment

For occupational settings, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

Table 5-1 – Illuminance Results

Location Australian Standard AS 1680.2 Recommended Illuminance

Workshop (machine tooling) AS 1680.2 400

Workshop (medium work) AS 1680.2 400

Office (desk) AS 1680.1 400

Office (detailed tasks) AS 1680.1 600

Office (computer) AS 1680.1 240

Passageway /stairs AS 1680.2 80

Diesel Particulate & Indoor Environment Assessment