Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 1

Sample Problems

Compute each of the following integrals.

Z Z
4x 12x3 Z3
1. e dx 7. dx ex e x
3x4 + 1 15. dx
Z ex + e x
0
8. ( 3x + 4) e 3x2 +8x dx
Z8 Z
2. e 4x dx 1
Z2 16. p p dx
x ( x + 1)
0
9. ( 3x + 4) e 3x2 +8x dx
Z 0 Z1
207 Z x2 8x + 3
3. x2 2 x3 6x dx 20x 17. dx
10. dx x+2
(x2 + 1)20 0

Z Z
(ln x)8 + 1 ex Z1
4. dx 11. dx
x ex + 1 18. xe 3x2 dx
Z
1 0
12. p dx
e2
Z 2x 1
(ln x)8 + 1 Z Z1
5. dx x 3x
x 13. p dx 19. 3e dx
1 x+1
0
Z Z15
x Z
3x 14. p dx 2x + 5
6. 7 dx x+1 20. p dx
(x2 + 1) 0 x 3

Practice Problems

Compute each of the following integrals.

Z Z Z
99 p x 1
1. 200x 2x2 5 dx 5. 3x 2 dx 10. p dx
x+1
Z
Z x2
ex 6. dx
2. 3 dx (x3 + 5)10
(ex + 2)
Z Z8
1 x 1
Z 7. dx 11. p dx
ex x ln x x+1
3. dx 3
ex + 1 Z
4
8. x3 2x 1 dx
Z1
x+1
4. dx Z1 Z3
x2 + 2x + 3 3 1
0 9. (x + 2) x2 + 4x 3 dx 12. dx
3x 2
1 1

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 2

Sample Problems - Answers

1 4x 1 1 32 1 208 ln9 x
1.) e +C 2.) e 3.) x3 6x +C 4.) + ln x + C
4 4 4 624 9

530 1 1 3x2 +8x

5.) 6.) 6 +C 7.) ln 3x4 + 1 + C 8.) e +C
9 4 (x2 + 1) 2

1 4 1 10 2 19 p
9.) e 10.) x +1 +C 11.) ln (ex + 1) + C 12.) 2x 1+C
2 2 19
2 1
13.) (x + 1)3=2 2 (x + 1)1=2 + C 14.) 36 15.) ln e3 + ln 2
3 e3

p 19 1
16.) 2 ln ( x + 1) + C 17.) 23 ln 3 23 ln 2 18.) 19.) 1
2 6

4
20.) (x 3)3=2 + 22 (x 3)1=2 + C
3

Practice Problems - Answers

1 100 1 1
1.) 2x2 5 +C 2.) +C 3.) ln (ex + 1) + C 4.) ln 2
2 2 (ex + 2)2 2
4
2 3=2 1 2x 1
5) (3x 2) +C 6.) +C 7.) ln jln xj + C 8.) +C
9 27 (x3 + 5)9 4 ln 2

2 p 26 1
9.) 160 10.) (x + 1)3=2 4 x+1+C 11.) 12.) ln 7
3 3 3

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 3

Sample Problems - Solutions

Compute each of the following integrals.

Z
1. e 4x dx
1
Solution: Let u = 4x: Then du = 4dx and so dx = du. We now substitute in the integral
4
Z Z Z
4x 1 1 1 u 1
e dx = eu du = eu du = e +C = e 4x
+C
4 4 4 4

Z8
2. e 4x dx
0
Solution:
Z8 8
4x 1 4x 1 4(8) 4(0) 1 32 1 1 1
e dx = e = e e = e e0 = e 32
1 =
4 0 4 4 4 4 4e32
0
Z
207
3. x2 2 x3 6x dx
1
Solution: Let u = x3 6x: Then du = 3x2 6 dx and so dx = du. We now substitute in the
(3x2 6)
integral
Z
207
x2 2 x3 6x dx =

Z Z Z
1 1 1
= x2 2 u207 du = x2 2 u207 du = u207 du
(3x2 6) 3 (x2 2) 3
1 u208 1 208 1 208
= +C = u +C = x3 6x +C
3 208 624 624
Z
(ln x)8 + 1
4. dx
x
1
Solution: Let u = ln x: Then du = dx and so dx = xdu.
x
Z Z 8 Z
(ln x)8 + 1 u +1 8 u9 (ln x)9
dx = x/ du = u + 1 du = +u+C = + ln x + C
x x/ 9 9

Ze2
(ln x)8 + 1
5. dx
x
1
Solution:
Ze2 9
! !
e2
(ln x)8 + 1 (ln x)9 ln e2 2 (ln 1)9 29 530
dx = + ln x = + ln e + ln 1 = +2 0=
x 9 1 9 9 9 9
1

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 4

Z
3x
6. dx
(x2 + 1)7
1
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1. Then du = 2xdx and so dx = du.
2x
Z Z Z Z
3x 3x 1 3 1 3 7 3u 6 1
dx = du = du = u du = +C = +C
(x2 + 1)7 u7 2x 2 u7 2 2 6 4u6
1
= +C
4 (x + 1)6
2

Z
12x3
7. dx
3x4 + 1
1
Solution: Let u = 3x4 + 1. Then du = 12x3 dx and so dx = du.
12x3
Z Z Z
12x3 12x3 1 1
dx = du = du = ln juj + C = ln 3x4 + 1 + C
3x4 + 1 u 12x3 u
Z
8. ( 3x + 4) e 3x2 +8x dx
1
Solution: Let u = 3x2 + 8x. Then du = ( 6x + 8) dx and so dx = du.
( 6x + 8)
Z Z Z
3x2 +8x 1 1
( 3x + 4) e dx = ( 3x + 4) eu du = ( 3x + 4) eu du
( 6x + 8) 2 ( 3x + 4)
Z
1 1 1 3x2 +8x
= eu du = eu + C = e +C
2 2 2

Z2
9. ( 3x + 4) e 3x2 +8x dx
0
Solution:
Z2 2
3x2 +8x 1 3x2 +8x 1 3(2)2 +8(2) 3(0)2 +8(0) 1 4 1 4
( 3x + 4) e dx = e = e e = e e0 = e 1
2 0 2 2 2
0

Z
20x
10. dx
(x2 + 1)20
1
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1: Then du = 2xdx and so dx = du
2x
Z Z Z 19
20x 20x 1 20 u 10 2 19
20 dx = du = 10 u du = 10 +C = x +1 +C
(x2 + 1) u20 2x 19 19
Z
ex
11. dx
ex + 1
1
Solution: Let u = ex + 1. Then du = ex dx and so dx = du.
ex
Z Z Z
ex ex 1 1
dx = du = du = ln juj + C = ln (ex + 1) + C
ex + 1 u ex u

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 5

Z
1
12. p dx
2x 1
1
Solution: Let u = 2x 1. Then du = 2dx and so dx = du.
2
Z Z Z
1 1 1 1 1 p p
p dx = p du = u 1=2 du = 2u1=2 + C = u + C = 2x 1+C
2x 1 u 2 2 2
Z
x
13. p dx
x+1
Solution: Let u = x + 1. Then du = dx and also, x = u 1.
Z Z Z Z Z
x u 1 u 1 p 1
p dx = p du = p p du = u p du = u1=2 u 1=2
du
x+1 u u u u
2 3=2 2
= u 2u1=2 + C = (x + 1)3=2 2 (x + 1)1=2 + C
3 3

Z15
x
14. p dx
x+1
0
Solution:
Z15 15
x 2
p dx = (x + 1)3=2 2 (x + 1)1=2
x+1 3 0
0
2 2
= (15 + 1)3=2 2 (15 + 1)1=2 (0 + 1)3=2 2 (0 + 1)1=2
3 3
2 2 3=2
= 163=2 2 161=2 1 2 11=2
3 3
2 2 128 2 126
= (64) 2 (4) 2 = 8 +2= 6 = 36
3 3 3 3 3

Z3
ex e x
15. dx
ex + e x
0
1
Solution: Let u = ex + e x: Then du = (ex e x ) dx and so dx = du: Also, when x = 0; then
(ex e x)

u = e0 + e 0 = 2 and when x = 3; then u = e3 + e 3

Z3 e3 +e
Z 3 e3 +e
Z 3
e3 +e 3
ex e x ex e x 1 1
dx = du = du = ln juj = ln e3 + e 3
ln 2
ex + e x u (ex e x) u 2
0 2 2

Z
1
16. p p dx
x ( x + 1)
p 1 p
Solution: Let u = x + 1. Then du = p dx and so dx = 2 xdu.
2 x
Z Z Z
1 1 p 1 p
p p dx = p 2 xdu = 2 du = 2 ln juj + C = 2 ln x + 1 + C
x ( x + 1) xu u

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 6

Z1
x2 8x + 3
17. dx
x+2
0
Solution: We will …rst work out the inde…nite integral. We perform the division betweeen the polynomials
…rst
x2 8x + 3 23
= x 10 +
x+2 x+2
so the integral is
Z 2 Z Z Z Z Z
x 8x + 3 23 23 1
dx = x 10 + dx = x 10 dx + dx = x 10 dx + 23 dx
x+2 x+2 x+2 x+2
The two integrals will be computed using di¤erent methods. Clearly,
Z
x2
x 10 dx = 10x + C1
2
Z
1
The integral dx can be computed via substitution. Let u = x + 2. Then du = dx.
x+2
Z Z
1 1
23 dx = 23 du = 23 ln juj + C2 = 23 ln jx + 2j + C2
x+2 u
The entire integral is
Z
x2 8x + 3 x2
dx = 10x + C1 + 23 ln jx + 2j + C2
x+2 2
x2
= 10x + 23 ln jx + 2j + C
2
Then the de…nite integral is.
Z1 1
x2 8x + 3 x2
dx = 10x + 23 ln jx + 2j
x+2 2 0
0
12 02
= 10 (1) + 23 ln j1 + 2j 10 (0) + 23 ln j0 + 2j
2 2
19
= + 23 ln 3 23 ln 2 0:174 302 51
2
Z1
18. xe 3x2 dx
0
Solution: We will …rst work out the inde…nite integral. Let u = 3x2 . Then du = 6xdx and so
1
dx = du.
6x
Z Z Z
2 1 1 1 u 1 3x2
xe 3x dx = xeu du = eu du = e +C = e +C
6x 6 6 6
To compute the improper integral, we take the limit of de…nite integrals.
Z1 ZN !
1 3x2 N 1 2
xe 3x2
dx = lim xe 3x2
dx = lim e = lim e 3N 2
e 3(0 )
N !1 N !1 6 0 N !1 6
0 0
1 3N 2 1 1 1
= lim e 1 = lim 1 =
6 N !1 6 N !1 e3N 2 6
1
since lim 2 = 0.
N !1 e3N

c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010

Lecture Notes Integrating by Substitution page 7

Z1
19. 3e 3x dx
0
1
Solution: We will …rst work out the inde…nite integral. Let u = 3x. Then du = 3dx and so dx = du.
3
Z Z Z
3x 1
3e dx = 3eu du = eu du = eu + C = e 3x
+C
3

To compute the improper integral, we take the limit of de…nite integrals.

Z1 ZN
3x 3x
3e dx = lim 3e dx
N !1
0 0
!
N
3x 3N 3(0) 1
= lim e = lim e e = lim 1 =1
N !1 0 N !1 N !1 e3N

1
since lim = 0.
N !1 e3N
Z
2x + 5
20. p dx
x 3
Solution: Let u = x 3. Then du = dx and also x = u + 3.
Z Z Z Z
2x + 5 2 (u + 3) + 5 2u + 11 2u 11
p dx = p du = p du = p + p du
x 3 u u u u
Z Z Z Z
p 11
= 2 u du + p du = 2 u1=2 du + 11 u 1=2 du
u
2 3=2
= 2 u + C1 + 11 2u1=2 + C2
3
4
= (x 3)3=2 + 22 (x 3)1=2 + C
3

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c copyright Hidegkuti, Powell, 2009 Last revised:: August 2, 2010