INDEX

Abortion debate, 61, 67 Bentham, Jeremy, 2; as archetypal

Ackerman, Bruce, 80 figure in classical utilitarianism, 24,
Adaptive preference formation, 237- 25-27, 28-30, 31-40, 57; direct
38 democracy rejected by, 48; psycho
Affirmative action programs, 235- logical egoism o
36, 252; and symbolic racism, 314 representative go
Agenda control, 81, 94, 98; as mech- Bessette, Joseph
anism for procedural equality, Bicameralism, 33, 2
163-65 278, 283
Amish, 213, 233-35, 236, 23
240, 246 Biological determinists, 316
Androgyny, ideal of, 245 Black, Charles, 103, 106, 109
Anonymity, 154-57 Black, Duncan, 188
Aristotle, 48, 254 Blacks, 235-39, 246; and cultural di
Arrow, Kenneth A., 97, 100, 101, versity, 217; and electoral p
106, 152, 173, 185-87, 188-89, 251, 257, 259, 260-63; racial atti
196, 197, 199 tudes of, 316-20; and "separate
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem, 100, but equal" doctrine, 242-4
173, 185-87, 191-93, 199 also Minority rights; Racism
Asian-Americans, 6, 227, 229-33, Brown v. Board of Education, 243
246 Bryce, James, 270
Assimilationism, 208-10, 215; group, Bucha
216-20 Buchanan, James, 81-94, 101, 110,
Australia, 272 113,126,131
Austria, 272 Burke, Edmund, 17

Barber, Benjamin, 113, 126, 131, Calabresi, Guido,

132, 142—44 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament,
Barry, Brian, 153, 161, 208 69
Beitz, Charles, 105 Canada, 272

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 338 INDEX

Carens, Joseph H., 6, 226-48 147, 280, 281; antimajoritarian

Catholic Emancipation, 16-20 features of, 267-70, 273, 291—92;
Charles II, King of England, 12 and "majoritarian-federal" democ
Checks and balances, 33, 56, 277 racy, 272; Tocqueville on, 275
Child custody, 244-45 Constitutional Code (Bentham), 25, 35,
Christiano, Thomas, 4—5, 151-78 36, 37, 38
Churchill, Winston, 200 Constitutionalist fallacy, 81, 94-106,
Civil rights, 69, 102, 103, 104, 145 115
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 104 Constitutive and operative power,
Coalition politics, 261 31-32
Coercion, 89, 91, 101; justifications Courts. Sec Judicial review;
for, 184-85, 194 Court
Cognitive self, 130, 132-33 Cultural pluralism. See Pluralism
Coleman, Jules, 94 Custody and child support issues,
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 19 244—45
Collective action, 86-87, 88, 101, Cyclical majorities, 99, 100, 101, 109,
102; coercive, 89, 91; and decision- 110, 112; arbitrary outcomes as re
making process, 137, 255; kinds suit of, 80, 81; impact of, 188, 189,
of, 82-84; private action versus, 191, 198; perpetual, 96
94; problems associated with, 193- Cyclic preferences, 158
95
Communitarian alternative, 190,
196-97 Dahl, Robert A., 107, 112, 113, 267,
Compensation arguments, 84-86, 88, 269, 270, 278, 280
89-90 284, 286, 287, 288, 290, 293, 295
Composition, and procedural equal- Decision-maki
ity, 159-63, 164, 176 92
Condorcet, Marquis de, 63, 96, 106, Declaration of Indepen
185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 197-98 Delolme, J. L„ 35, 36
Condorcet winner, 157-58, 161, 162, Democracy: Bentham
163, 166-67, 169 seauian models of, 49-51, 58-60,
Confessional state, demise of, 11-20 62, 65-71; compromises o
Congress, 198, 267-70; and bicamer- 200; and group power, 25
alism, 33, 257, 268, 274, 277, 278, history of, 252; and majori
283; and Supreme Court, 279, 267-97; models of, 270-74, 295
289, 293—94 97; and political power, 113—17;
Consensual argument for coercion, public choice versus, 184-200; an
184-85 representative government, 253
Consensus, 57-58; lack of, 60-61; 55; theories of, 252-55; utilitarian
and nature of democratic agent, ism connected to, 31, 46-49
127, 128-32; sources of, 196-97 Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 38
Consensus model of democracy, Democratic agent, 126-48
271-74 "Democratic despotism," 33-37
Considerations on Representative Govern- Diamond, Martin, 293
ment (Mill), 38 Direct democracy, 253—55, 257—58
Constitution, 53, 257, 263, 282, 283- Distributive conception of proce
84, 288; amendments to, 40, 58, dures, 174-78

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 Index 339

Dodgson, C.
Downs, Anth
Du Bois, W. E. B., 217, 239 Global procedures, 162, 163, 165,
Dworkin, Ronald, 46, 69-70, 102 169
Government action, 82-83, 187-88;
and collective-action problems,
Economic regulation, 95-96, 104 j93_94; and democratic politics,
Edict of Nantes, 12 107_8> j 10 j 12 j 16; and bKc
Elster, Jon, 237 opinion, 321-24
Ely, John Hart, 55, 80, 105, 115 Great Brjtain m See aho England
England, 69, 80, 112; and confes- Group assimiiationism) 2i6-20
sional state, 12, 15-20 Group culture: and gender differ
English Chartists, 80 ences 239_45; an(J illegitinlate in.
Equal Rights Amendment, 243 equaljty> 235_39; and ,egitimate
Ethnic differences, 222-23. See also inequality, 233-35. See also Plural
Pluralism ism
Executive veto, 269, 272, 278, 279,
283, 288, 289, 290 Power" (Kennedy), 6
Externalities, 83-84, 86-87, 88-89,
90, 93, 94, 110
Halévy, Elie, 34
Hamilton, Alexander, 277, 278, 279
Federalist, The, 268, 277, 278, 279, 80, 288, 291
293 Hardin, Russell, 4, 5-6, 184-200
Ferguson v. Skrupa, 96 Harsanyi, John, 114
Feudalism, 13, 231 Heim, Joseph Charles, 1-2, 11-20
Fishkin, James S., 207, 208, 215, 227, Herk, Monica, 7-8, 308-25
228 Hobbes, Thomas, 93, 187-88
Footnote four justification, 96, 105, Hochschild,
196 Holocaust, evidence of Jewish com
Foucault, Michel, 114 plicity in, 115
Fox, Charles James, 18 Hoover, Herbert, 195
Fragment on Government (Bentham), Hume, David, 188, 189, 193-94
38
Friedman v. New York, 220-21
Impeachment, 268
"Incentive-compatible" methods of
Galileo, 137-38 voting, 171-72
Game theory, 91, 186 Indeterminacy, 157-59, 164-65,
Gender differences, 223, 228, 246; 166-67, 171
and culture, 239-45; and issues of Individualism, 316, 322-24
pluralism versus assimilationism, Individualistic self, 128-33, 137-38
207, 208, 209, 218; and socializa- Individual rights. See Rights
tion, 218-20, 239, 241-42, 244 Instability fallacy, 81, 106-13
General Impossibility Theorem, 100, Institutional constraints of right, 56,
173, 185-87, 191-93, 199 57, 58, 59
George III, King of England, 16 Interest groups, 69, 84, 100; and
Germany, 272 government action, 107-8, 112

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 340 INDEX

Introduction t
and Legislatio
48 294

Ireland, 18 Majoritarian model of democracy,

271-74, 276, 286
Jefferson, Thomas, 270, 276, 284, Majoritarian theory, 126-27,
285 Majority rule: and American democ
Johnson, Lyndon B„ 195 racT 79~81. 267-97; classica
Judicial review, 67-70, 71, 95-96; tarian view of. 24-40; constitu
functions of, 98-100, 102, 103, alist fallacy concerning, 81,
115; and majority rule in demo- anc' democratic agen
cratic setting, 272, 279, 290-91, 126-48; historical use of, 80, 8
293 ; and problem of cycling, 110. instability fallacy concerning
See also Supreme Court 106-13; and political equality
Jurisdictional conflicts, democratic, 151-78; and political power
282-83 democratic setting, 113—17; and
Justice, Equal Opportunity, and the Fam- public choice, 184-200; r
ily (Fishkin), 207 ist fallacy concerning, 81 -
Justification, theory of, 45-46, 54 Mandevilles law, 186
Marbury v. Madison, 103
V KI IK ia in Marxism, 40, 113
Keble, John, 16, 19 .. „ .
1/ A D a u A 1 May. Kenneth, 154
Kennedy, Randall, 6-7 Meyers, Diana T., 4, 126-
Kronman, Anthony, 246 Mü, 24
Mill, John Stuart, 2, 34, 60, 80, 215,
Latham, E., 109 217, 294; on principle of individ
Legitimacy, theory of, 45-46, 54 ua] liberty, 56-57; on security, 27—
Levine, Andrew, 6-7, 251-63 28, 30; on "tyranny of the major
Liberalism, 234-35, 246; and demise ity " 24i 37—40, 54
of confessional state, 15; and plu- Mi|ler Njcholas, 108-11, 112, 113,
ralism, 208-10, 215, 222 116
Lijphart, Arend, 270-74 Minority rights: and American raci
Lincoln, Abraham, 276, 282, 291 attitudes, 308-25; and confession
Lindblom, Charles, 321 state, 11—20; and electoral power,
Lochner rule, 96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 251-63; and social diversity in de
1 mocracy, 207-23. See also Majority
Locke, John, 34, 35 rule; Racism; Rights
Logrolling, 83, 91 Monarchy, 12-13, 16
Lottery argument, 208, 209-10, 211, Montesquieu, 34, 35, 36, 285
212, 213-15, 222, 223 Moral arbitrariness, 208, 214, 222,
Louis XIV, King of France, 12 223 227-29 231—32 233
Munn v. Illinois, 95
Macaulay, Thomas, 18, 29, 34 Myrdal, Gunnar, 321, 323
Machine politics, 261
Macpherson, C. B., 247 Napoleon Bonaparte, 13
Madison, James, 54, 55, 57, 268, 270, Natural rights standpoint, 52, 94

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 Index 341

Neoclassical economics, 187 Postema, G. J., 36

Neutrality, 154-57 Press, 39, 40
Nozick, Robert, 85, 93 Primary goods, 213-15
Privacy, 40, 140, 145
Procedural equality, 152-64; and po
Olson, Mancur, 186, 187, 197
litical equality, 170—78
O'Neill, Onora, 207, 208, 215
On Liberty (Mill), 38 repreSeiUati°n' 26°~61'
On the Constitution of the Church and „
Psychological egoism, 47-49, 50
?e" ' Public-choice theory, 4, 5-6, 95, 100,
r
Ordeshook, Peter C., ion
106, 107, 110itV7 iin /> '
113
105; classes of findings offered by,
_ 184-87; and collective-action prob
Outlines ol a System of Utilitarian , , , . .
„ ' lems, 193-95; and communitarian
Ethics, An (Smart), 31 alternative, 190, 19
15-16 ig6"16"'(TraCtanamSm)' tion of self underl
129, 131, 137, 141; historical back
ground of, 187—89; social-choice
Pareto principle, 81, 83, 86, 91, 92, problems in, 189
128, 132, 141, 191 Public opinion, 39-40; and govern
Parliamentary regimes, 276, 286 ment policy, 321-24; and individ
Patterson, Orlando, 216, 218 ual liberty, 56-57; and majority
Pigou's smoking chimney, 88, 90 rule, 62-63, 64
Plato, 71, 114, 187-88 Public toilets, 243-44
Plessy v. Ferguson, 242—43
Plott, Charles, 106, 109 „ . _
, , , Quayle, Dan, 231
Pluralism: and advantaged groups,
229-33; domination versus diver
sity in context of, 226—48; and Racism, 227-28, 230, 232; analysts
equality, 222-23; and illegitimate of, 308-10; black racial attitudes,
inequality, 235-39; and instability 316-20; and countermajoritarian
fallacy, 108-13; and legitimate in- devices, 147; emotions and cogni
equality, 233—35, 236, 237, 238; tions associated with, 320—22; and
and liberal values, 208-10; and illegitimate inequality, 235-39;
majority rule, 140; and minority policy implications of, 322-25;
values in democracy, 6, 207-23; symbolic, 308, 309, 314; and total
and moral arbitrariness, 227-29; effect of white resistance to racial
and the Rawlsian solution, 210-15; change, 320-25; white racial atti
value of, 212, 215-21 tudes, 310-16
Political equality, 151-78 Radical-participation theory, 126-27,
Political expenditures and advertis- 128, 129, 130, 137, 141—43
ing, 111-12 Rae, Douglas W., 83-84, 88
Political parties, 260 Rawls, John, 1, 32-33, 81, 146, 209
Political power, 113-17, 142 15, 232, 246, 247
Political theory versus political phi- Reagan, Ronald, 110, 195, 263
losophy, 44-45 Reductionist fallacy, 81-94, 115
Popular sovereignty, 31-33, 276-78 Reich, C. A., 103

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 342 INDEX

Religion, 222-
state, 12-20.
"Remarks on B
(Mill), 37-38 "Separate but equal" doctrine, 242
Representative government, 253-55, 44
257—58, 277 Separation of powers, 33, 56, 94-95;
Rights: complexities and controver- as antimajoritarian obstacle, 267
sies connected with, 52-54; and 268, 269, 277, 278, 285
connection between utilitarianism Separatism, 318—19
and majoritarian democracy, 46- Sex differences. See Gender differ
49; institutional constraints on, 56, ences
57, 58, 59; and judicial review, 67- "Sexual pluralism," 218, 219-20,
70; justification or legitimacy theo- 239, 241
ries of, 44-46, 54-55; and lack of Shapiro, Ian, 3-4, 79-117, 127, 128,
consensus, 60-66; and political 139, 142, 146
outcomes, 55-57; protecting, 57— Shapiro, Martin, 102
58; and Rousseauian model of Shepsle, Kenneth A., 100, 106
democratic decision making, 49- Sher, George, 208
51, 58-60, 62, 65-71. See also Ma- Simon, Robert L., 6, 207-23, 226,
jority rule; Minority rights 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234,
Riker, William, 80, 95-97, 99-100, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 246, 247
101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110, Smart, J. J. C„ 31
113 Smith, Adam, 188, 189
Riley, Jonathan, 7, 267-97 Smith, Rogers M., 104, 105
Roe v. Wade, 67 Social-choice problems, 189—95
Rorty, Richard, 52 Social-choice theory, 96-97, 152-53,
Rosen, Frederick, 2, 6, 24-40 154, 165-66, 172-73
Ross, E. A., 108 Social Contract, The (Rousseau), 49
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 33, 93, 152, Socialization, 237; and gender dif
188, 189, 254; on the courts, 69; ences, 218-20, 239, 241-42, 244;
and group rights to electoral and group differences, 213, 218,
power, 252-53, 255, 258, 259, 219-21
260; model of democratic decision Social self, 128-32, 133, 138, 143
making based on views of, 49—50, Social welfare functions, 172
58-60, 62, 65-71; on unanimity, Spitz, Elaine, 1
62—63, 64 State in Its Relations with the Church,
Russell, John, 19 The (Gladstone), 19
Stone, Harlan Fiske, 96
Strategic voting, 81, 98, 99, 109,
Sandel, Michael, 129-31, 132 166-67, 175
Satterthwaite, M. A., 98 Supremacy Clause issue, 103
Schattschneider, E. E., 109 Supreme Court, 67, 69-70, 95-96,
Schwartz, Pedro, 33-34, 35 242-43, 267, 268; and Congress,
Security, 27—31, 40 279, 289, 293—94; and majority
Self-defining agent, 127, 132-38, rule, 102, 103-4, 111-12, 115-16
146 Survey research, 309, 310, 319, 325
Self-interest, 59, 308; Benthamite Symbolic racism, 308, 30

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 Index 343

Talent pooling, 210-13 litical justification, 45; and "tyr

Thalberg, Irving, 219-20 anny of the majority," 37-40
Theory of Justice, A (Rawls), 210 Utilitarianism (Bentham), 38
Thompson, Perronet, 29 Utility drift, 83-84, 88
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 38, 40, 54,
80, 275, 291 Veto, presidential, 268, 269, 272,
Toleration, policy of, 14-15, 17 278, 279, 283, 288, 289, 290
Tractarianism (Oxford Movement), Voluntarist self, 129-30, 132
15-16, 19 Vote trading, 83, 91, 99, 166, 168
Treaty of Westphalia, 12 70,177
Tribe, Lawrence, 104 Voting, 25, 195; extraprocedural fea
Truman, David, 109 tures of, 165-70; and group
Tullock, Gordon, 81-94, 101, 110, power in democracy, 251-63; pro
113 cedural equality in, 153-63; stra
"Tyranny of the majority," concept tegic, 81, 98, 99
of, 24, 37-40, 54, 55
Waldron, Jeremy, 3, 5, 44-71
Ultramontanism, 15 Warren Court, 96, 115
Unanimity rule, 82, 83, 84, 85-86, Wars, 39
88, 89, 90, 92-93, 94, 172 Wasserstrom, Richard, 209, 218, 219
United States Congress. See Congress Weingart, Barry, 80, 95—97, 99-100,
United States Constitution. See Con- 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 110,
stitution 113

United States v. Carotene

95-96 Westminster (majoritarian) model of
Upper class, 230—33 democracy, 271—74, 276, 286
Utilitarianism, 94, 173, 247; classical, Whigs, English, 15, 18
24-40; and majoritarian democ- White racial attitudes, 310-16
racy, 46—49; practical applications Wills, Garry, 277, 278, 279, 280, 289
of, 24-26; Rousseauian model of 294
democracy contrasted with, 49-51, Wolff, Robert Paul, 84-85, 86, 101
58-60, 62, 65-71; as theory of po- Women. See Gender differences

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