Worked examples

1.5 Find the percentage by mass of each element present in CaHsNOz.

The relative molecular mass of C6H5NO2 is 723.12.

Percentage of carbon: the relative atomic mass of carbon is 12.01, and there are six carbon atoms present,
so the total mass of the carbon atoms is 6x12.07,i.e.72.06.

72'06
oA r^rbon: x 1oo: 58.53%
123.12

Percentage of the other elements present:

5 x 1'01
% hydroeen- x 1oo= 4.lO%
r23.t2

o/o
.
nitroeen =
t4.01
100= 1I.38% %oxygcn=り × 100=25。 99%
" t23.1L
-x
1.6 Calculate the mass of oxygen present in 2.20gof CO2.

The relative m01ecular mass ofC02 iS 44.01.Ofthis,the amount contributed by the tw0 0xygen atomsis
2× 16.00=32.00.

SO the m“ on ofぬ c mass Ofths cOmpOund thtt ζ cOntributtdけ Oxygenふ

淵

ThcК お
К,m220g ofC02,■ e alnOunt ofoxygen玉
響×
影 220=■ 60g

l.7 What mass OfIIN03 COntalns 2.00g ofOxygen?

The relative molecular IInass ofIIN03 iS 63.02.Each molecule contains three oxygen atoms with a tOtallnass
of3× 16.00,1.c.48.00.

The oxygen and the l旺N03 are in the rati0 48.00:63.02.

TherefOre the n■ ass OfHN03 COntaining 2.00 g ofOxygen is:

×2.00=2.63g
絲

Alternative method
16.00×
The percentagc ofOxygcn in HN031S 3× 1。 0=76.2%

So 76.20/0 0fthis samplc is oxygcn and has a lnass of2.00g.

We need,therefOre,tO nnd the mass Of100%,which is glven by Note: in order to obtain this
answer, more figures were carried
2昼22× 100==2.63g through on the calculator.