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10 Calculate the pcrccntage by n■ ass ofoxygen in 12 For each ofthe fbllowing compounds work Out
each ofthc fonowing COmpounds: the rnass ofsubstance that will contain l.00g of
a C2H50H oxygen.
b CH3CH2COOH a CH30H
C C1207 b S03
Calculate the inass of oxygen in each ofthc C P406
fouowing Samples:
a 6.00 g of C31170H
b 5.00g ofSC)2
c 10.Og ofP4(Dl。

Empirical and molecular formulas

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A molecular formula is a whole Empirical formula: the simplest whole number ratio of the
number multiple of the empiricd elements present in a compound.
formula. Therefore, if the empirical
formula of a compound is CH2,
Molecular formula: the total number of atoms of each element
the molecular formula is (CH2),
present in a molecule of the compound. (The molecular formula
i.e. C2Ha or C3H6 or C4Hs, etc.
a multiple of the empirical formula.)

Worked examples
1.8 If the molecular formulas of two compounds are:
a CaH16O2 b Re3C19
what are the empiricd formulas?

'We
need to find the simplest ratio of the elements present and therefore need to find the highest number that
divides exactly into the subscript of each element. In this case, each subscript can be divided by rwo, and so the
empirical formula is C2H5O.
In this case each subscript is divisible by three, and so the empirical formula is ReCl:.

1.9 The empirical formula ofbenzcnc is CH.Given that the molar rnass is 78.12 grnol 1,work Outi“ molecular
fOrmula.￨

The mass ofthe empirical formula unit(CH)iS 12.01+1.01=13.02.Thc number ofdmes that the empirical
fOrFntlla unit occurs in the actual molecule(4)iS giVen by:

relative molecular mass

κ = =78.12=6
empirical formula mass 13.02

Therefore the molecular formula is (CH)6, which is more comrnonly written as C6H6.