02-Sales-Access Network Basic Knowledge

Jun 2006
ADSL Protocol Basics
ISSUE1.0
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. For internal use only Page 0
As the Internet develops rapidly, human
being demands more and more of the
network rate and bandwidth. The great
demand urges the network to develop
from low-speed to high-speed, sharing to
switching, and narrowband to broadband.
This course describes the Asymmetrical

Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL), a
mainstream technology on access
network (AN).

Reference
Huawei ADSL2+ Principle and Testing Service Guide -
20050318-A
http://support.huawei.com/support/pages/kbcenter/view/pr
oduct.do?actionFlag=detailProductSimple&web_doc_id=
SC0000104718&doc_type=123-1

By taking this course, you can
 Know the mainstream xDSL technologies
 Master the ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ principles
 Master the ADSL/2/2+ parameters
 Know the trend of the ADSL technology

Chapter 1 xDSL Overview
Chapter 2 ADSL/ADSL/ADSL2+ Principles
Chapter 3 ADSL Parameters
Chapter 4 ADSL Trend

Mainstream Bearer Technology on Access Network
xDSL Flourishing
Physical lines cover a large scale and resources are exclusive in the xDSL
technologies. Therefore, the xDSL technologies dominant the access network
since its birth.
Ethernet Striving
The Ethernet technology that is originally applied to the enterprise LANs has
developed a new market because of the birth of broadband access. The
Ethernet and xDSL technologies supplement each other gradually. Nowadays,
the Ethernet technology is mainly applied to the AN convergence layer and the
leased lines of VIP customers.
PON Developing
The newly-appeared Passive Optical Network (PON) technology provides the
gigabit bandwidth for users at a lower cost. It is no doubt that the PON
technology will be a superior opponent to access network.

xDSL
The ADSL technology uses the existing twisted pairs to provide asymmetrical
upstream and downstream rate for users.
The G.SHDSL technology provides the symmetrical and high-speed leased line
access service on twisted pairs for users. It is mainly applied to the
interconnection of small and medium-sized enterprises, the base station relay of
China Mobile and the ISDN primary access.
The VDSL technology realizes the leased line connection and access. It is mainly
applied to hotel, high-speed access, video meetings, and so on.
ADSL: the Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line
G.SHDSL: the Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line
VDSL: the Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line

DSL Forming and Developing
Digital Subscriber Line
xDSL Development
Middle Late 1990s

Late 1980s Early 1990s Time
1970s
ISDN HDSL ADSL VDSL Other DSL
xDSL

ADSL Overview
 ADSL is an asymmetrical xDSL technology. It makes full use of the untapped

high-frequency band to transmit data over copper cables at high speed by
diversified modulation. Its upstream band ranges from 26 kHz to 138 kHz, and its
downstream band from 138 kHz to 1104 kHz. Its upstream rate reaches 896 kbps
and downstream 8160 kbps.
 ADSL has capability of adapting rate and anti-interference. Namely, the ADSL
technology can adjust its rate to a proper degree based on the line conditions,
such as distance, noise, and so on. In the ADSL technology, the longer the
transmission distance is, the lower the transmission rate is and the more the
transmission attenuates. But the transmission distance and attenuation are not in
linear proportion.

G.SHDSL Overview
 G.SHDSL is a new symmetrical subscriber line technology developed from the High-speed
Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), the Simultaneous Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) and the
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). SHDSL has many features such as multi-rate,
optimized performance, lower power consumption for transmitting and compatible spectrum.
The rate of a single pair ranges from 192 kbps to 2312 kbps, and can be adjusted adaptively
with 8k as its granularity based on the line conditions. The transmission reaches 3 km to 5.5
km in the G.SHDSL technology.
 The SHDSL technology has the following advantages:
Extends the transmission distance of E1/V.35 (TDM) to 3 – 5.5 km that is four times or more
farther than that of the common E1/V.35.
Provides long-distance leased line access and extends the FR/CES networking distance
based on the TDM mode.
Makes full use of the existing copper cables to access broadband services asymmetrically.

VDSL Overview
 VDSL is a new xDSL technology to provide symmetrical or asymmetrical upstream and

downstream rate over twisted pairs. Its transmission reaches about 1.5 km, the highest
downstream rate is 52 M (asymmetrical) and the highest upstream rate is 12 M
(symmetrical). VDSL is the fastest xDSL technology at present.
 ITU-T G.993.1 serves as the VDSL.
 At home or in office, VDSL is thought as the technology to get the closest transmission
rate provided by optical fibers. VDSL permits the connection by analog telephones and by
high-speed data simultaneously, but it can transmit high-speed data only with short reach.
VDSL is similar to ADSL. But it is much easier to realize VDSL because ADSL is designed
for the line conditions that are worse than those of VDSL.

xDSL Performance
Feature Comparison
Maximum Twisted POTS

xDSL Symmetry Maximum Rate
Distance (km) Pair Service
G.SHDSL Asymmetrical 2.3 Mbps 5.5 1 No
Downstream: 8196 kbps

ADSL Asymmetrical 5 1 Yes
Upstream: 896 kbps
Downstream: 25 Mbps
ADSL2+ Asymmetrical 6.5 1 Yes
Upstream: 3 Mbps
Symmetrical/A Downstream: 52 Mbps (asymmetrical)

VDSL 1.5 1 Yes
symmetrical Upstream: 12 Mbps (symmetrical)

Questions
1. What are the technical features of the ADSL, VDSL and

G.SHDSL technologies?
2. What are the applications of the ADSL, VDSL and G.SHDSL
technologies?


Chapter 2 ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ Principles
2.1 ADSL Protocols Standardization
2.2 ADSL Principle
2.3 ADSL2 Features
2.4 ADSL2+ Features

ADSL Standards
Some international organizations take on the standardization of the ADSL technologies,
including the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the ITU Telecommunications Union
-Telecommunications Sector (ITU-T), and the ADSL Forum.
FAMILY DESCRIPTION RATIFIED
ADSL G.992.1/ T1.413 G.dmt 1999
ADSL G.992.2 G.lite 1999
ADSL2 G.992.3 G.dmt.bis 2002
ADSL2 G.992.4 G.lite.bis 2002
ADSL2+ G.992.5 ADSL2 PLUS 2003

2.2 ADSL Principle
2.3 ADSL2 Features
2.4 ADSL2+ Features

Internet
ADSL Model
PSTN
ATU-R Splitter
Twisted pair
Splitter
• ADSL features  ADSL standards

1. The upstream rate reaches
896 kbps and downstream G.992.1(G.dmt) G.992.2(G.lite) T1.413
rate 8 Mbps.
2. ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Standard
Standard
Subscriber Line of full- of ADSL Standard
without of full-
3. Transmit voice and data on a rate
ADSL signal rate
twisted pair simultaneously. ADSL
splitter

G.Lite Overview
In G.dmt mode, ADSL needs voice splitters and cannot connect the
devices manufactured by different vendors. However, in G.Lite mode,
ADSL does not need voice splitters and cuts down the cost of chips and
installation.
Features of the low-speed G.Lite
1. G.Lite cuts down costs and needs no splitter.
2. G.Lite uses the DMT line encoding mode that performs the anti-
interference well.
3. G.Lite provides asymmetrical rate, 512 kbps for upstream and 1.5 Mbps
for downstream.
4. G.Lite extends the transmission distance to 7 km at most.
G.Lite is rarely used in China by taking bandwidth and market into account.

ADSL Modulation & Demodulation
As for the modulation-demodulation technology, we often use the high-speed digital signal
processing technology and the modulation coding with optimized performance to get high speed
and long distance in transmission.
So far, the ADSL modulation-demodulation system uses the following three line encoding
technologies:
 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM): It modulates two signals into a carrier frequency. The
amplitude modulation frequency of the two signals are the same but their phase difference is 90
degree.
 Carrierless Amplitude/Phase Modulation (CAP): It is based on QAM to modulate data to a single
carrier.
 Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT): It modulates data to multi-carrier, and the data on each carrier is
modulated by QAM. DMT is by far the mainstream modulation technology.
The DMT modulation technology dominants the market for its powerful anti-interference and
popular style.

DMT
 DMT is by far the commonly-used modulation technology. It segments the transmission band
into multiple subchannels, each subchannel corresponds to a carrier of different frequency and is
modulated on the corresponding carrier in the QAM mode. The transmission performance of the
current subchannels decides the capacity of the transmitted information in each subchannel.
Information capacity defines the bits of the data modulated by each carrier.
 DMT uses 4.3125 kHz bandwidth as its unit. It divides a 1 MHz band into 256 subchannels.
The POTS service occupies the band ranging from 300 Hz to 4 kHz on the telephone wire. By
taking the isolation into consideration, DMT assigns the band from 0 kHz to 25 kHz (namely, the
first six channels) to the POTS service. Therefore, only 250 subchannels are actually assigned
for transmitting digital services.
 Each subchannel uses QAM in the DMT technology except the first six subchannels. QAM
piles up the output waveform since each subchannel has its own frequency, and then outputs the
piled waveform to lines. The peer receive end first restores the piled waveform based on the
frequency, and distributes them to each subchannel; then each subchannel uses QAM to
demodulate the waveform into data bits.

DMT Sub-Carrier
Available band Subchannel
Data SNR
noise
attenuate Object 1
s
69 kHz: upstream pilot tone 276 kHz: downstream

pilot tone
Object 2
4.3125 kHz
1 7 16 31 64 256
Voice 26KHz 1.1MHz
tone
Upstream subcarrier Downstream subcarrier

ADSL System Initialization
• Aims
The ADSL system initialization aims to test the performance of actual
subchannels, and to balance the transmission configuration between
ATU-C and ATU-R before their work, such as the upstream and
downstream rate, the number of sub-band, and so on. And finally, the
ADSL system initialization sets up an available link for communication.
• Process
Activate the request and

Transceiver negotiation Channel analyzing Parameter switching
confirm the procedure

2.2 ADSL Principle
2.3 ADSL2 Features
2.4 ADSL2+ Features

ADSL2 Standard
 ADSL2 is developed from ADSL, its standard (G.992.3) has
been defined in June, 2002.
 ADSL2 assigns the band as ADSL does, their downstream band
is 1104 kHz. Since ADSL2 uses the enhanced modulation mode,
its downstream rate can theoretically reaches 12 Mbps and its
upstream rate 1.2 Mbps or so.
 The Annex I/J of G.992.3 enhances the all-digital loop mode.
Annex I works if the loop line carries the POTS service; Annex J
works if the loop line carries the ISDN service. The Annex L of
G.992.3 refers to the long-distance ADSL2.

Comparison Between ADSL2 and ADSL
 ADSL2 has better performance.

Because ADSL2 uses the enhanced modulation mode, it
weakens the impact on signal from line noises, gets more line
coding gain, and promotes the rate for connecting.
 ADSL2 uses the variable overhead bit, its overhead rate ranges
from 4 kbps to 32 kbps. ADSL uses the constant overhead rate
32 kbps. Compared with ADSL, ADSL2 increases its rate by 50
kbps and extends its transmission distance by 200 m. Namely,
the coverage of ADSL2 is increased by 6%.

Comparison Between ADSL2 and ADSL

New Features of ADSL2 — Lower Power Consumption
ADSL2 manages the power consumption to lower the running consumption. This new function is presented as
follows:
1) ADSL2 lowers the transmitting power consumption to reduce the unexpected noise margin. Namely, lower the
futile power consumption on the premise of the service stability. The supplementary L2 mode lowers the power
consumption. This mode only guarantees the power consumption to transmit the required management
messages and synchronization signals (for example, using 1-bit constellation ) when no service data is
transmitted. In addition, when there is the user data that needs transmitting, the power consumption can be
restored at once. The power consumption in L2 mode is only 30% of that in normal operation.
2) The central office (CO) and the customer premise equipment (CPE) of ADSL2 can perform the function
“power cutback” ranging from 0 dB to 40 dB. By working with the first rule, this function can lower the power
consumption in transmission when the device runs normal. For ADSL, only CO has such a function and ranges
from 0 dB to 12 dB.

New Features of ADSL2 — Modularization Architecture
For ADSL2/ADSL2+, the ADSL transceiver is functionally divided

as follows:
 Transport protocol specific transmission convergence (TPS-TC)
 Physical media specific transmission convergence (PMS-TC)
 Physical media dependent (PMD)
 Management protocol specific transmission convergence (MPS-TC)
Each sublayer is encapsulated, and messages between these

sublayers are defined. This is helpful for the interconnection between
devices made by different vendors.

2.2 ADSL Principle
2.3 ADSL2 Features
2.4 ADSL2+ Features

ADSL2+ Standards
ADSL2+ is the second generation full-rate ADSL. In 2003, ITU
presents G.992.5 that is also called the ADSL2+ standard.
G.992.5 is compatible with the first generation ADSL standard, and
it has more functions, higher rate and more stable operation. For
its advantages account, ADSL2+ attracts more attention and
prevails in application.
ADSL has high rate, supports multi-service, and is maintainable.
Therefore, ADSL has been the mainstream xDSL technology
nowadays.

ADSL2+ Feature — High Rate & Long Distance
Higher rate and Wider downstream bands

The following figure compares the spectrum distribution of ADSL2 and ADSL2+.
Compared with ADSL2, the ADSL2+ frequency ranges higher (tone 32–511), and
ADSL2+ has more subbands (512). Therefore, ADSL2+ provides 24 Mbps or
more for the upstream rate. Besides, ADSL2+ extends the transmission distance.

ADSL2+ Features
Longer transmit distance
 The transmit distance of ADSL2/ADSL+ reaches 6.5 km or more
with the rate of 192/96 kbps
 ADSL2 supports 1-bit constellation, and ADSL supports 2-bit
constellation at minimum.
 ADSL2 annex L uses a new spectrum allocation. If the distance is
over 4 km, the subband higher than Tone 128 are disabled to
promote the transmit power of the subband that is lower than Tone
128, and to increase the distance.
 The frame overhead can be flexibly configured to provide 28 kbps
bandwidth. This is very important in the case of long distance.
 The receiver decides the tone ordering and the pilot tone. This
improves the problem that ADSL cannot be activated pilot tone
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SNR of the internal use Page 32
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pilot signal. In addition,
ADSL2+ Features

ADSL2+ Features
Rate Binding
 Carriers often need provide the service of different levels for various customers. The
diversified services are made a whole through binding multiple telephone wires to promote
the rate for the home user and the business user. The ADSL2 standard supports the IMA
standard of the ATM operation to bind the services. Using the IMA technology, ADSL2 binds
two or more copper wires as one ADSL connection. In this case, the downstream rate
promotion is flexible.
 IMA adds a new sublayer between the physical layer and the ATM layer of ADSL. At the
transmit end, the IMA sublayer distributes the ATM data stream from the ATM layer into
multiple ADSL physical layers. The process at the receive end is on the contrary.
 To bind the services of various bit error rate and delay, the IMA sublayer defines the IMA
frame, protocol and managing function in a detailed manner. Meanwhile, the IMA sublayer
requires some functions of the ADSL physical layer to be updated. For example, discard the
idle cell and the error code at the receive end.

ADSL2+ Features
More reliable running & Good spectrum compatibility

 The receiver decides the tone ordering based on the channel analysis result,
and selects the tone of the best performance as the pilot tone. This makes for
the stable ADSL connection.
 During the negotiation, the tone is disabled, and the receiver tests the
distribution of the radio frequency interference (RFI) for bypassing the RFI signal
and reducing the crosstalk on other twisted pairs.
 ADSL2+ has a good capability of dynamic adaptation. For example, it enhances
the bit swap function, and changes the line rate seamlessly and dynamically.
 The power cutback of the receiver and the transmitter is 40 dB high, and
reduces the echo and crosstalk at local end.
 The receiver decides the pilot tone, and avoids that the line cannot be activated
because of the line connector interference or the AM interference.
 ADSL2+ shortens the negotiation process, and quickly restores the connection
synchronization from errors.

ADSL2+ Features
SRA
 ADSL2+ can improve the crosstalk problem by using the seamless rate adaptive
(SRA) technology. Using SRA, ADSL2+ can change the ADSL transmit power without
changing the ADSL connection rate and bit error rate. When detecting the channel
condition change, ADSL2+ adapts the rate to the change. This point is transparent to
subscribers.
 SRA is used for the decoupling at the modulation layer and the framing layer of the
ADSL2+ system. Decoupling enables the modulation layer to change the transmit rate
parameter, but it does not change the parameter of the framing layer. Pay attention that
the bit error will occur and cause the system restarted if the parameter of the framing
layer changes and causes the frame synchronization loss.

ADSL2/ADSL2+ Features Overview
1. Enhanced coding function

2. Lower power consumption
3. Modularization structure
4. High rate & Long distance
5. Rate binding function
6. More stable running & Good spectrum compatibility
7. Seamless rate adaptation technology

Summary
ADSL is widely used on the existing network. ADSL2 is
only a connecting point in technology development, so it
is rarely used for commercial purpose. Now, ADSL is
being upgraded to ADSL2+.
Standard/ Working Upstream/Down- Transmit Step

Features Frequency (Hz) stream rate (bps) Distance (km) (kbps)
ADSL 26–138 k 896 k/8196 k 5 32

138–1.1 M
ADSL2 26–138 k 1.2 M/12 M 5.2 4

138–1.1 M
ADSL2+ 26–138 k 3 M/25 M 6.5 4

138K–2.2 M

Questions
1. Briefly describe the three line coding technologies for ADSL

modulation & demodulation.
2. What new features does ADSL/ADSL2+ have?


Configuration Parameters of ADSL Service
This chapter chiefly describes the parameter in the ADSL line profile for
activating the ADSL port
 ADSL transmission mode
 Rate setting
 Upstream/downstream channel bit swap
 Trellis code
 Channel mode
 Noise margin
 Signal attenuation

3.1 ADSL Transmission Mode
3.2 ADSL Rate Parameter
3.3 ADSL Stability Parameter

ADSL Transmission Mode
Customers use this parameter to choose a standard for activating
the ADSL line. The parameter corresponds to the T1.413 issue 2
presented by ANSI and the following standards by ITU : G.992.1,
G.992.2, G.992.3 (G.dmt.bis), G.992.4 and G.992.5 (G.dmt.bisplus).
The maximum downstream rate can be 8 Mbps or more in G.dmt

(G.992.1, G.992.3 and G.992.5) and T1.413, but only 1.5 Mbps in
G.lite. Therefore, G.dmt together with T1.413 is called full-rate
transmission mode.
In addition, ITU defines a specific handshake protocol G.994.1

(G.hs) for DSL, and G.dmt and G.lite use the protocol. Therefore,
G.dmt and G.lite are called G.hs mode.

Standard For Port in Negotiation
Mode Supported by CO Negotiated Mode of Line
According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated by any of the following
All
standards: G.dmt, G.dmt.bis, G.dmt.bisplus, G.lite and T1.413.
Full rate
standards: G.dmt, G.dmt.bis and G.dmt.bisplus and T1.413.
G.lite According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated by the G.lite standard.
T1.413 According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated by the T1.413 standard.
G.dmt
standards: G.dmt, G.dmt.bis and G.dmt.bisplus.
G.hs
standards: G.dmt, G.dmt.bis, G.dmt.bisplus and G.lite.
G992.1 According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated only by the G.dmt standard.
G992.2 According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated only by the G.lite standard.
According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated by either the G.dmt standard or
G992.3
the G.dmt.bis.
G992.4 According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated only by the G.lite standard.
According to the mode supported by CPE, the port can be activated only by the G.dmt.bisplus
G992.5
standard.


Rate Parameters
Minimum transmit rate: It presents the minimum activation rate required in the current
direction after the line activation.
Maximum transmit rate: It presents the maximum activation rate in the current direction after
the line activation. If the rate is fixed, the maximum and the minimum activation rates must be
identical.
 After the activation, the actual line rate will satisfy the activation requirement after being
adapted from the expected maximum rate to the minimum rate. Such an activation requires
that the error bit rate must be smaller than 10-7, and the noise margin must be around the
target noise margin.
 During the ADSL connecting, if the line is in good conditions, and the calculated
downstream rate is bigger than the configured maximum rate, the system will restrict the
downstream rate to the maximum rate and increase the downstream SNR margin. If the line is
in poor conditions, and the calculated maximum downstream rate cannot satisfy the configured
maximum value, the system will set up the connection at the actual downstream rate on the
premise of guaranteeing the target downstream SNR margin.
 Configure the upstream rate and the downstream rate in the same way.
Will you set parameters for rate? (y/n)[n]:Y

Low Upstream Rate Affecting Downstream Rate
[Fault Description]
The upstream rate is configured too low and causes the low
downstream rate.
[Troubleshooting]
Check the port parameter, and it is found that the upstream rate of the
ADSL port on the MA5100 is 64 kbps, and the downstream rate is 960
kbps. Change the upstream rate to 512 kbps, and the fault is
troubleshot.
[Fault Analysis]
As charging is involved, the downstream rate and the upstream rate
differ greatly. In application, however, if the upstream rate is lower than
128 kbps, such as 64 kbps, the downstream rate will be affected
seriously.
[Cause Analysis]
If an ADSL modem connects a large number of LAN subscribers, or
the subscriber uses many Internet services, a lot of TCP sessions will
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Upstream/Downstream Channel Bit Swap
 The bit swap function supports the bit distribution or the power adjustment between subbands
without line activation.
 During the line activation, SNR and the bit allocation are calculated independently for each
subband. After the line activation, the line SNR may change for the external environment
account. Therefore, the line SNR change may be represented as that SNR increases on some
subbands and decreases on some others. If the state persists for a long time, the bit error rate
of the line may increase, or cannot satisfy the activation rate and requires the line to negotiate
again. If a subband SNR decreases too much and the subband cannot carry the allocated bits,
the bit swap functions to shift some bits of the subband to other subbands of high SNR for bit
swapping, such as the upstream/downstream channel bit swap.
Configure the bit swap as follows:
> Downstream channel bit swap 0-disable 1-enable (0–1) [1]:
> Upstream channel bit swap 0-disable 1-enable (0–1) [1]:


Trellis Coding
 Trellis coding works out the best coding gain using a special coding calculation to
increase the line SNR gain. The practice proves that using trellis coding can increase
the line SNR gain by 3–6 dB at least, but the portion of the error control redundancy
code in the line bandwidth does not increase. The improvement is represented as that
the activation rate increases a lot compared with that in its failure case after the trellis
coding switch is enabled.
 According to the ADSL standard (G.992.1), the trellis coding function is optional. At
present, all Huawei ADSL board series support this function. In the ADSL2/ADSL2+
standard (G.992.3/G.992.5), the trellis coding function is forcibly supported. Now,
Huawei ADSL2+ board series also support this function.
Enable or Disable the trellis function as follows:

> Trellions mode 0-disable 1-enable (0–1) [1]:

Channel Mode
There are two channel modes: interleaved mode and fast mode.
• Fast mode: This mode has short delay and general error correction
capability. So it applies to the delay-sensitive service.
• Interleaved mode: This mode can solve the burst noise and has a good
capability of correcting errors. The deeper the interleaved depth is, the
better the error correction capability is, and also the longer the delay is.
Therefore, the interleaved mode applies to the delay-insensitive service
that requires low reliability.
Unit of interleaved delay

• DMT: Use the depth as its unit directly, namely, the interleaved depth.
• MS: Use millisecond (ms) as its unit, namely, the interleaved delay.
Choose the channel mode:
> Please select channel mode 0-interleaved 1-fast (0–1) [0]:

Interleaving Principle
Interleaving process Span N=7
Enter the data from FEC

21 20 19 18 17 16 15
21……6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 Depth
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 D=3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Read the data to save the data
channels ……16, 9, 2, 15, 8, 1 through channels
De-interleaving process Object 1

21 20 19 18 17 16 15
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 Read the
data to FEC
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21……6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Object 2
Bit order 16 17 18 19 20 21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
(no interleaving)
Bit order 6 13 20 7 14
1 8 15 2 9 16 3 10 17 4 11 18 5 12 19 21
(interleaving)
Burst error ×
X ×
X ×
X
Receiving bit
1 2 ×
X ×
X ×
X 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
(no interleaving)
Receiving bit
(interleaving) 1 ×
X 3 4 5 6 7 8 ×
X 10 11 12 13 14 ×
X 16 17 18 19 20 21

Improper Interleaved Depth Causing a Fault
[Fault Description]
The ADSL subscriber (PPPoEoA) on the MA5100 accesses the Internet after being authenticated on the
ISN8850. After the service is available, subscribers complain that they are often offline but can dialup to be
online soon after the fault.
[Troubleshooting]
1. By monitoring the end-user terminal, we found that the fault occurs, meanwhile, the modem is not deactivated.
2. Partial user terminals use the networking modem+HUB+PC. Therefore, we presume that the HUB is blocked
when a lot of data are switched due to the HUB performance. We replace the HUB, but the fault persists.
3. The fault may be traced to that the CPU utilization of the ISN8850 is too high. By checking, we found that the
CPU utilization is only 19%. It indicates that some other problems cause the fault.
4. After excluding the two possibilities, check the data configured on the MA5100. we found that the port works in
the interleaved mode and with the interleaved depth as 64. During monitoring the user terminal, we found that
the PING packet jitters regularly. Namely, a PING packet of long delay occurs every seven/eight stable PING
packets. In the PPPoEoA mode, the ISN8850 sends the PPP ECHO packets to the client software every 40
seconds to detect whether the PPP subscriber is online. If the ISN8850 has sent such a packet for three times
(two minutes) and got no response, it will disconnect the subscriber. Therefore, the fault may be traced to that
the interleaved depth is too big and causes the PPP ECHO packet sent by the ISN8850 lost, and the ISN8850
disconnects the subscriber. After the check and analysis, we change the interleaved depth parameter of the port
to 16, the condition is improved. Change the parameter to 8, and the fault is troubleshot.
[Causes Analysis]
Too deep interleaved depth causes long delay on network, furthermore, some data lost and the ISN8850 disconnects
the subscriber.

SNR/Noise Margin
The SNR margin refers to the additional noise that the system can tolerate on the premise of
guaranteeing the current rate and error bit rate. The SNR margin of the modem and the
stability of the ADSL connection are in direct ration. Generally, the bigger the SNR margin of
modem is, the more stable the connection is. Meanwhile, the SNR margin and the activated
physical connection rate are in inverse ratio. Namely, the bigger the SNR margin is, the lower
the activated physical connection rate is.
Target SNR Margin: It refers to the required noise margin for initialization when the bit error
rate equal to or smaller than 10-7.
Maximum SNR Margin: When the noise margin exceeds this value, ADSL must lower its
output power.
Minimum SNR Margin: When the noise margin is smaller than this value, ADSL must promote
its output power. If the promotion fails, ADSL should perform the negotiation again.
Set the SNR margin of modem as follows:
> Will you set SNR margin for modem? (y/n)[n]:y

Signal Attenuation
SATN refers to the signal attenuation. The SATN value is the ratio of the received
signal power at the receive end to the transmitted signal power at the transmit
end. In fact, SATN is the line attenuation parameter in ADSL, ranging from 0 to
102.2 dB with the step as 0.1 dB.
If the signal attenuates too much, the ADSL service will be unstable and
deactivated frequently. SATN can be caused by the following factors:
• Crosstalk
• Bridge connector reflection
• Line connector attenuation
• Line resistance attenuation

Locating the Line Fault Based on Channel Attenuation
[Fault Description]
The ADSL Internet service of an office is faulty. Several ports are frequently deactivated at the interval of
several hours, or sometimes the ports are deactivated automatically because of the line fault several
times every hour. The subscriber connecting to these ports are less than 500 m away from the
MA5100.
[Troubleshooting]
1. Run the related port command, and the channel attenuation is found to be too big on these port. The
channel attenuation of some of the ports is 24 dB upstream and 22 dB downstream, and that of some
other ports is 42 dB upstream and 20 dB downstream.
2. The parameter shows that the line connection is abnormal. Punching the wire down on MDF, and
connect the telephone wire again in the connection box. In this case, the line attenuation decreases to
a small value (less than 10 dB). After a test, it is found that the stability of subscriber connection is
promoted. The subscribers are offline only for once or twice within two days.
[Cause Analysis]
The channel attenuation and the distance between RTU and the MA5100 are in direct ratio but without the
simple linear relation. Nevertheless, if the distance increases by 100 m, the attenuation increases by 2
dB. In this faulty case, the subscriber is less than 500 m away from the MA5100, thus the attenuation
must be small in theory. But the attenuation is big in fact, it indicates that the signal attenuates at the
connection point but not on the copper wire. Therefore, during enabling the ADSL service, judge the
line connection status by checking the channel attenuation. If the actual attenuation is bigger than the
estimated one, the line is faulty because of either the non-standard cable or the poor connection of the
connector (this case occurs at the subscriber connection box and on MDF most of the time). Following
this way to locate the fault, improve the line condition and connection stability.

Parameter Reference Table
The following table lists the test parameter value by using the MT880 (target noise
margin is 6). The table gives only the reference value of the line length, noise
margin, attenuation and rate. The result of the actual line test is a little worse than
the values.
Downstream Upstream
Line Length Noise Margin Attenuation Rate Noise Margin Attenuation Rate
0 7 5.5 27232 7 9 1088
1000 6 9.5 25184 6 1.5 1120
2150 7 20 20832 7 23.5 1024
3050 7 30 9056 7 41.5 1056
4000 7 39 5472 7 54 992
5200 8 45.5 2496 7 63.5 896
6100 9 53.5 960 6 63.5 672
7000 12 61 192 6 63.5 416

Summary This chapter describes the key parameters of the line profile and their
meanings. During configuring the line profile, inherit the default
value for most parameters. What requires change are the following
parameters: the activation standards used by the line profile,
interleaved/fast mode, upstream/downstream activation rate range.

Questions
1. What is the interleaved mode? Please describe the relation between the
interleaved depth and delay.
2. Which does the negotiation begin with, the high-rate mode G.992.5 or
the low-rate mode G.992.1 if CO (full compatible ) and CPE (full
compatible) work in the negotiation mode?


Three ADSL Problems
At present, ADSL often meets the following three problems:

• Subscribers are offline exceptionally.
• Subscribers access Internet at a low rate.
• Subscriber accounts are stolen.
Exceptional offline fault is usually traced to either of the following causes:

• PPP connection is faulty because of the loss of the Keep Alive packets that are based on the PPP
connection.
• Subscribers are offline forcibly because of the Radius packet loss.
Low rate for the access to Internet refers to that the port rate is not qualified to guarantee the
promised rate. According to the survey, the low rate is often caused by the poor line quality and the
unreasonable network architecture on access network.
If the subscriber account is shared, the account is stolen and the illegal subscriber is difficult to
track. This fault is traced to that telecom carriers do not limit and protect the broadband subscriber
account because they lack an effective mechanism to identify subscribers uniquely.

ADSL Trend
 Broadband
ADSL ADSL2 ADSL2+ VDSL2+
 Full-service
Support the IPTV, Triple Play, leased line, and some other
services.
 Intelligent
Speed up the ADSL application, and locate the fault range
accurately to reduce the service interruption time.

Obtaining the Newest Documentation
The ADSL standardization begins with the regional standard, such as T1E1.4
(North America) and ETSIM6 (Europe). Later, ITU takes charge of the
regional ADSL standardization. This organization is a leader of the ADSL
standardization.
www.itu.int/ITU-T/ International Telecommunications Union-
Telecommunications sector (ITU-T)
www.dslforum.org/ ADSL Forum
www.t1.org/t1e1 ANSI T1E1.4 (North America)

GPON Fundamentals
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

References
 ITU-T 984.1
 ITU-T 984.2
 ITU-T 984.3
 ITU-T 984.4
Copyright © 2008Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page65

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe GPON Network Architecture
 Outline GPON Basic Concepts
 Outline GPON Applications

Contents
1. Overview of Optical Access Network
2. Basic Concepts of GPON
3. GPON Key Technologies
4. Basic Services over GPON Network

Contents

Architecture of Optical Access Network
Customer Premise
Center Office
Equipment
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
DSLAM
ODN Curb
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT
DSLAM

FTTH OLT
ONT

FTTB OLT
ONU

What is Optical Access Network?
 From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the
following scenarios:
 FTTB scenario
 SBU : Single business unit ; providing a comparatively small number of ports such as POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports
 MTU :Business Multi-tenant unit ; providing a comparatively larger number of ports,
including POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T and DS1/T1/E1 ports.
 FTTC & FTTCab scenario

 MDU : Multi-dwelling unit ;providing a comparatively larger number of ports, including
10/100/1000BASE-T, VDSL2, and so on.
 FTTH scenario
 SFU : Single family unit , providing a comparatively small number of ports, including following
types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF.

Contents

What is GPON?
Passive Optical Network Optical
Network Termination
PSTN
Passive Optical
Splitter ... ...
Internet
Optical Network
Optical Line Unit
Terminal
... ...
IPTV
 GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

 PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
 GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;
 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
 Optical Network Unit (ONU)
 Optical Distribution Network (ODN).

Why GPON?
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 2.5G
Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / ADSL2+ PON

Technology Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based
Coverage ~20km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter
Internet VoD Live TV

Service Video conference HDTV VoD
requirements Game
Remote control HDTV
2002 2003 2006 2010

Time
 GPON supports :
 Triple-play service
High-bandwidth up to 1.25Gbps/2.5Gbps
 HDTV: 16-20M/program; Long-reach up to 20km
 Data: 10M;
 Video Conference: 4.5M
 GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

GPON Principle----Data Multiplexing
 GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology,
facilitating bi-direction communication over a single fiber.
1310nm
ONU/ONT
OLT ODN
1490nm
 To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,

GPON adopts two multiplexing mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

GPON Principle----Downstream
Data for specified ONU
1
Data for specified ONU
1 2 3 1 2 3 2
 Broadcast mode

GPON Principle----Upstream
Data from specified user
1
Data from specified ONU
1 2 3 2 2
 TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access) mode

Basic Performance Parameters
Data Rate 1.24416/

(Upstream/Downstream 2.48832
Gbps)
Maximum physical reach 20 km
Maximum differential 20 km
fibre Distance
The distance
between nearest
Split ratio 1：64/up to1：128 and farthest
ONTs

GPON Network Model Reference
UNI R/S ODN S/R SNI
ONU/ONT
ONU/ONT OLT Service node
IFpon WDM WDM IFpon V reference point

T reference point
Optical
splitter NE
NE
 ONU Optical Network Unit

 ONT Optical Network Terminal
 ODN Optical Distribution Network
 OLT Optical Line Terminal
 WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module
 NE Network Element
 SNI Service Node Interface
 UNI User Network Interface

GPON Multiplexing Architecture
 GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying
Port services.
O T-CONT Port
 T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of
Port
N buffer that carries services. It is mainly used to
U Port transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
T-CONT
Port introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth
assignment of the upstream bandwidth, so as to
enhance the utilization of the line.
O
IFpon Port
 IF pon: GPON interface.
N T-CONT
Port  Based on the mapping scheme, service traffic is
U
carried to different GEM ports and then to
different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
O GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM port
T-CONT Port
N can correspond to a T-CONT; or multiple GEM
U Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.
A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or
multiple T-CONTs.
Port-ID
ONU-ID Alloc-IDs identifies identifies GEM
identifies ONUs T-CONTs ports

GPON Multiplexing Architecture
OLT ONT
GEM Port GEM Port
T-CONT
T-CONT
IF-PON IF-PON
SNI UNI
Classi-
fication GEM port GEM port
T-CONT
QoS/ Optical Fiber Classi-
Forward Virtual fication
flow UNI
OLT ONU

Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
TDM Buffer GEM Frame
PLI
Ingress buffer Port ID
PTI
HEC
TDM/E1
TDM/E1 data Payload
TDM fragment
 TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
 This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
 Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services

Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
Ethernet Packet GEM Frame
PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA
SA GEM
Length\Type Payload
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
 GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
into the GEM Payload.
 GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
 Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also
boasts good compatibility.

Contents
2. Basic Concepts of PON

GPON Key Technologies
 T-CONT
 Attenuation

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
 Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receives grants delivered by OLT. T-CONTs are used
for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation in the PON section of the Transmission
Convergence layer. T-CONTs are primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the PON.
 T-CONT BW type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget
 Fiber attenuation relates to the fibre length About 0.35 dB per km
for 1310,1490nm
 The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
generally less than 0.2dB
 Other factors may cause attenuation, such
as fibre bending
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B Class C
＋ Huawei’s OLT and ONU
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB 28 dB (Class B+)
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more
stringent for one system type than for another, e.g. the class C
attenuation range is inherently more stringent for TCM systems
due to the use of a 1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN,
each having a loss of about 3 dB.

Parameters of GPON (Class B+)
Items Unit Single fibre
OLT: OLT
Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
Minimum overload dBm -8
ONU: ONU
Mean launched power MIN dBm 0.5
Mean launched power MAX dBm 5
Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
Minimum overload dBm -8

Contents
2. Basic Concepts of PON

GPON Service Provisioning
Carriers’ nightmare
Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
Initial configurations (such as service system information
configuration, data configuration) are required on GPON supports zero configuration on terminals
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish these and plug-and-play of terminals, which is cost-
configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers. effective.
Application scenario
1 Subscribe for services
CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing
2 Configure service network
NMS 2000
3 Send terminals to users

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT
Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3
2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT

Triple Play Solution in GPON
BB service platform
PC TL1/CORBA VoD
/API Notification
Server
Middle
IPTV SFU Carrier’s OSS ware
NMS
Phone
Ethernet Intern
CPE MDU IP Core et
Firewall
Splitter OLT
PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch
CBU
FE
E1
IP
Voice
CPE ODN NSP ASP/ISP

Questions
 GPON network architecture?
 Describe GPON service provisioning?

Summary
 In this presentation, we introduced GPON basic
concept ,architecture ,and principle.
 We also discussed about GPON service provisioning and

application.

FTTx System Overview
www.huawei.com

Contents
1. FTTx Network Introduction
2. FTTx Hardware Description
3. FTTx Solutions Overview
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page94
FTTx Overview
 An FTTx solution is a unified full-service access solution
based on the T-bit optical access platform and aiming at
the ALL IP network architecture.
 FTTx solutions, which cover FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, and FTTO

buildup scenarios, provide full-service access including
mobile base station backhaul that have high-reliability,
high-bandwidth, and high-security features.
FTTx Solution-Major Services
 FTTx solutions provide multiple access services in different scenarios,
mainly including high-bandwidth IPTV service, open access network
(OAN) access of wholesale service mode, high-rate Internet access
service, and the private line access service of the enterprise and cell
cite.
 Major Services Provided by an FTTx V1R6 Solution
 50M@HDTV Service
 Open Access
 Enterprise Access Service
 Cell Site Access Service
FTTx Solution-network application
FTTx Solution-Products
Curb Building
CO Home
•Medium
•FE HG
xPON uplink •xDSL+POTS
•Large
MSAN MDU
OLT
•FE+POTS
•Medium HG
•Medium xPON uplink •LAN+POTS
OLT DSLAM MDU
•FE+POTS+
WLAN HG
•Mini •Outdoor •stair well
OLT cabinet box •Outdoor
HG
OLT MxU ONT
 Integrated management
 All the GPON series products can be management by iManager N2000 /U2000 unified NMS
Questions

Which scenarios can FTTx network support?

What are the main services FTTx network supports?
Contents
2. FTTx V1R6 Hardware Description

2.1 Involved Equipment
2.2 OLT
2.3 MxU
2.4 ONT
3. FTTx V1R6 Solutions Overview
Involved Equipment
 In an FTTx solution, the OLT, MDU, SBU, CBU, and ONT are fit together to network.
SCENE OLT MDU/SBU/CBU ONT

GPON ONT：
HG810、HG813、HG863、HG850a、
HG866、HG865、HG8240、HG8245、
HG8247、HG8010、HG8120、HG8120R、
FTTH MA5600T/MA5603T - HG8240R、HG8110、HG8242
EPON ONT：
HG810e、HG813e、HG850e、HG866e、
HG8240、HG8245、HG8247、HG8010、
HG8120、HG8120R、HG8240R、HG8110
MA5620/MA5626
MA5612
FTTB/C MA5600T/MA5603T
MA5616
MA5652
MA5612
FTTO MA5600T/MA5603T MA5616
MA5620/MA5626
Cell Site Access MA5600T/MA5603T MA5612、MA5628 -
Opticable MA5600T/MA5603T EOC head end device： -
MA5631
EOC terminal：
HG7022/HG7042
electricity system MA5600T/MA5603T MA5621 -
Contents
2. FTTx V1R6 Hardware Description

2.2 OLT
2.3 MxU
2.4 ONT
3. FTTx V1R6 Solutions Overview
MA5600T/MA5603T
MA5600T Large capacity:

 Dimensions of plug-in subrack: 530 mm x 275.8 mm x 447.2 mm (W
x D x H)
 2 slots for control boards, 16 slots for service boards and 2
upstream slots
 Backplane capacity: 3.2 Tbit/s
 Processing capacity of each slot: 20 Gbit/s
 The bandwidth between each control board and each upstream
interface board: 40 Gbit/s
 The working mode for control board: active/standby mode
MA5603T Medium capacity:

 Dimensions of plug-in frame: 442 mm x 283.2 mm x 263.9 mm (W x D x
H the mounting ear is not included)
 2 slots for control boards, 6 slots for service boards and 2 slots for
upstream boards
 Backplane capacity: 1.5 Tbit/s
 Processing capacity of each slot: 10 Gbit/s
 The working mode for control board: active/standby mode
 MA5600T and MA5603T use the same software and hardware platforms, and the
O&M cost is reduced.

MA5600T Service Subrack
21-inch subrack 19-inch subrack

Fan Tray

Slots for control boards: support
active/standby board protection

Power interface board:
supports dual-board protection

Slots for upstream interface boards:
support GE optical or electrical port
and 10 GE optical ports

Slots for universal interface boards:
support the clock interface board
Description of
andMA5600T service
universal interface subrack
board

Two service subracks: 21-inch and 19-inch. The 21-inch subrack has 2 more slots on the service board
than the 19-inch subrack.

The 21-inch subrack is widely used in oversea markets. It provides OLT, MSAN and DSLAM plug-in
frames. 19-inch subrack of R010 version and later versions is available on the oversea MSAN/DSLAM
scenario.

The OLT seldom use the 19-inch subrack in oversea markets.

MA5603T Service Subrack
Slots for service boards

Slots for
active/standby
control boards
Slots for active/standby

upstream interface boards
Slots for active/standby

power boards Slots for universal interface boards
1+1 redundancy design:

 Power boards
 Upstream interface boards
 Control boards
• MA5603T service subrack provides the integrated optical-

copper access platform and the access of PON, MSAN and
DSLAM services.

Splitter Subrack of MA5600T
ETSI SPL subrack


There are 20 slots on the ETSI SPL. They are fixed on the
cabinet through the mounting ear.

Dimensions (mounting ears included): 530 mm x 235 mm x
397.2 mm (W x D x H)

Dimensions (mounting ears excluded): 490 mm x 235 mm x
ETSI SPL subrack 397.2 mm (W x D x H)

ETSI SPL subrack separates VDSL2/ADSL2+ signals from
POTS/ISDN signals by configuring SPL board.

A service subrack and a splitter subrack can be installed on
the 2.2 m indoor cabinet.

Control Board
50 M bps
S x V S G V
o P
C D C P D
i GE/FE
2
U S U O S
c
P GPON
B L e N N L
Introduction to SCUB Introduction to SCUN



Implements the access of copper cables Is an integrated optical-copper control board
and supports following functions: that supports following functions:


POTS and xDSL access modes Full service access and the access of xPON,

48 Gbit/s switching capacity P2P, POTS, and xDSL


GE channel to the service board Active and standby switchover


Active and standby switchover GE or 10GE channel to the service board


Environmental monitoring parameters Environmental monitoring parameters

 4 SFP GE upstream optical ports
SCUB 4 SFP GE upstream optical ports SCUN
Introduction to Daughter Board

M2XA: is installed only on the SCUN, supports 512K MAC addresses and functions of CKMC.

CKMC: implements the 1588 V2 clock processing function. and provides stratum-3 clock for the
system; implements the VoIP logic forwarding function.

FLBA: implements the VoIP logic forwarding function.

GPBD Board — 8-port GPON OLT Interface Board
G S NGN/IMS
GIU
P C
GE/10GE BRAS
ONT B U IP/MPLS
GIU
D N EMS

Enlarging the Supports eight GPON ports and split ratio of 1:128 (Class C+).

Supports 16 boards for a cabinet and up to 8K users.
system capacity

Supports SFP optical module of Class B+/Class C+.
Increasing the 
Class C+ optical module provides 32 db optical power budget and a maximum of 60
transmission reach km transmission reach.

Supports various traffic classifications on the user side: CVLAN, CVLAN+1p and
CVLAN+Ethertype.
Improving QoS 
Supports two rate three color marker (trTCM) and two working modes: green
marker priority and higher priority.

Decreasing system Uses an ASIC chip to lower the power consumption (51 W).

power consumption Supports the manual shutdown of idle PON ports to prevent power waste.

Supports 1K T-CONT/PON ports and accurate bandwidth control.
Optimizing 
Supports two bandwidth allocation modes for low delay and high bandwidth utilization.
bandwidth allocation

GPBD Promoting the Supports the OPM function which works with N2510 to monitor the temperature,
voltage, current, receiving optical power and transmitting optical power of PON ports,
O&M efficiency
and to analyze status of optical lines and quickly identify faults of the optical lines.

EPBD Service Board — 8 EPON Boards
NGN/IMS
S
GIU
E
C
P GE/10GE BRAS
ONT U IP/MPLS
GIU
B
N EMS
D
Major Specification
Supports the following specifications:

A maximum of 8 EPON ports

Pluggable optical modules

A maximum of 1: 64 split ratio

Forward error correction function in both upstream and downstream directions and
enabling/disabling of FEC on the ONT

CTC triple-churning encryption in the downstream direction. The encryption key is
timed updated, and the time can be set.

Dynamic bandwidth allocation function (DBA). A DBA profile can be bound to an ONT.

Fault diagnosis function including various alarm detections and loopback diagnostic
EPBD functions for EPON network.

Dying gasp alarm

POTS Service Board
Softswitch
A S
GIU
S C
Phone GE/10GE BRAS
Twisted pair P U IP/MPLS
GIU
B N EMS
Phone
Major Specification

64-channel built-in DSP and 1:1 non-convergence for
online users

Multiple working modes: common user, 12/16 KC, and
polarity reverse

Built-in MELT function for high test accuracy

Short loop that automatically decreases the working
voltage from 48 V to 36 V within 3 km access reach
H808ASPB 
Board power consumption (short loop in all off-hook):
70.8 W

ISDN BRI Service Board
Softswitch
D
GIU
S
S
ISDN Phone C GE/10GE BRAS
Twisted pair R IP/MPLS
GIU
U
D EMS
ISDN Phone N
Major Specification

The DSRE and DSRD have the same panel but different silkscreens.
Each supports the 32-channel BRA.

The DSRD uses the 2B1Q encoding mode, and the DSRE uses the
4B3T encoding mode. (2B1Q encoding mode is the standard in North
America which is currently widely used in other areas including
China; a few countries in Europe use 4B3T encoding mode.)

The remote supply of ports is supported.

The point-to-point and point-to-multipoint working modes are
DSRD
supported.

The long-time active working mode is supported

EDTB Service Board
DDN
E1
E E S
GIU
D D C
GE/10GE
TDM SHDSL Modem IP/MPLS
E1 T T U
GIU
PBX
B B N
EMS
TDM SHDSL Modem
Major Specification
Supports the following functions:

Access services of 16 channels of TDM SHDSL and 16 channels of E1

Transparent transmission and aggregation of E1 over SHDSL services

TDM PWE3 service (The EDTB must work with the SPUB board)

Transmission distance of 16 channels of E1 on the EDTB board

V.35 port access on the CPE

512 DSP channels, VoIP function, and PRI-to-H.248 signaling conversion by
using the IUA protocol
EDTB 
Impedance: 75 Ω or 120 Ω

ADSL2+ Service Boards
Softswitch
A S
GIU
D C
AD Modem GE/10GE BRAS
Twisted pair x U IP/MPLS
GIU
x N EMS
AD Modem
Major Specification

ADKM is a 64-port of ADSL2 service board. It supports SELT, MELT and
DELT tests and Annex B and J. (used by DT)

ADPE is a 64-port ADSL2+ over POTS service board. It features the highest
density in the industry with the built-in 600-ohm splitter. It supports G.INP
physical layer retransmission and Annex A, L, and M.

ADPD is a 64-port ADSL2+ over POTS service board. It supports SELT and
DELT tests.
The preceding ADSL2+ service boards support the following functions:

Two-pair ADSL2+ Bonding on the chipset

Port protection
ADKM ADPD ADPE

Over-temperature protection

Automatic shutdown of broadband services for energy saving

VDSL2 Service Boards
Softswitch
V S
GIU
D C
VD Modem GE/10GE BRAS
Twisted x U IP/MPLS
GIU
pair
x N EMS
VD Modem
Major Specification

VDMF is a 48-port VDSL2 over POTS service board. It supports SELT and DELT
tests and G.INP physical layer retransmission (V800R009).

VDPE is a 64-port VDSL2 over POTS service board with built-in splitter. It
supports SELT and DELT tests and G.INP physical layer retransmission
(V800R009).

VDPM is a 64-port VDSL2 over POTS service board. It supports SELT, DELT and
MELT tests and G.INP physical layer retransmission (V800R009).

VDJM is a 48-VDSL2 over POTS service board. It supports SELT, DELT and
MELT tests (used by DT).

VDPE and VDPM work with the SCUN control board to provide a non-blocking
50 Mbit/s bandwidth for a user.

The preceding boards support the following functions:

Compatible with ADSL,2+, configuration of various spectrum profiles, including
VDMF VDPE VDPM VDJM 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 12a, 12b and 17a (8a, 8b, 8c and 8d support 2-wire bonding.)

ATM and PTM encapsulation modes

Port protection and over-temperature protection

Automatic shutdown of broadband services for energy saving

ADSL2+ Combo Service Board
Softswitch
Home C S
GIU
A C
Phone GE/10GE BRAS
M U IP/MPLS
GIU
E N EMS
AD Modem Splitter
Major Specification

The Combo board features the highest density in the industry with a built-in 600-ohm
splitter. It provides 48-channel ADSL2+ over POTS port.

It supports the following functions:

64-channel built-in DSP and 1:1 non-convergence for online users

Various transmission modes: Annex A, Annex L, and Annex M (Annex B and Annex J are
not supported)

Built-in MELT for easy fault locating

G.INP physical layer retransmission
Increasing the Decrease the TCO Conserving energy

density and saving
the space 30%
MDF COMBO
Before COMBO
 Facilitating the project  Decreasing 30% power
H80BCAME installation. consumption
 Saving 2/3 MDF  Static power: 33.5 W
occupation  Typical power: 55.7 W

ATM Interface Unit Board — AIUG Board
ATM STM-1 A S
GIU
network
I C
GE/10GE
U U IP Core
STM-1
GIU
G N EMS
ATM DSLAM
Major Specification

The AIUG board is the ATM interface unit board. The board connects to the ATM-
DSLAM devices in the downstream direction, and also provides the ATM and IP
private services.

The board supports the following functions:

4 ATM optical ports (STM-1)

ATM subtending upstream transmission (ATM PWE3) through a private line


H80102CS: supports two ATM optical ports.
AIUG

G. SHDSL Board — SHLM Service Board
EFM S S
GIU
SHDSL H C
Modem GE/10GE
L U IP Core
ATM SHDSL
GIU
M N EMS
Modem
Major Specification

The SHDA board is a 16-port ATM SHDSL service
board that provides 16-channels of SHDSL services.
The SHLM board supports the following functions:

SHDSL.bis access services in the ATM mode and
SDHSL access services in the EFM mode

M-pairs, EFM, EFM bonding and IMA bonding

MELT function

Different working modes based on ports
SHLM

Multi-GE Uplink Interface Board — SPUA
Service Processing Board
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121314 1516 1718 19
FAN 4GE LAG PE
DSLAM 2GE LAG
P
R
T
X2CS
E
P
SS
R
S S SS IP/MPLS
LAN T PP C C
E Core
Switch U U PP
…
4GE LAG
B UU
X2CS
I UU
U AA
2GE LAG A AA 40GE Uplink

Abundant Provides eight GE ports and two 10GE ports.

Supports SFP interface: GE optical/electrical ports and 10GE
ports
optical port.
Positioning

High-end subscribers Functions as an upstream board or cascading board.
High  Provides the inter-board protection and the aggregation in upstream
reliability transmission or cascading; supports 1:1 active/standby aggregation.

Supports 20G line rate forwarding (256-byte packets) and 10
Powerful Mbit/s PPS processing capability.

functions Supports Ethernet clock synchronization.
SPUA 
Provides hierarchical QoS (HQoS) to ensure fair bandwidth
scheduling for content providers (CPs).

Multi-GE Uplink Interface Board — ETHB Board
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121314 1516 1718 19

FAN 4GE LAG PE
DSLAM 2GE LAG
P
R
T
X2CS
E
P
EE
R
S S EE IP/MPLS
LAN T TT C C
E Core
Switch U U TT
…
4GE LAG
B HH
X2CS
I HH
U BB
2GE LAG A BB 40GE Uplink
Abundant 
Supports GE/10GE on the interfaces to the Control Board.
ports 
Supports eight SFP GE optical module or electrical ports.
Positioning
Common users

Functions as an upstream board or cascading board.

High Provides inter-board protection and aggregation; supports load
reliability sharing and redundancy protection.

ETHB Supports 1:1 active/standby aggregation.

Supports smart link.

TDM Service Board — TOPA Board
G S T STM-1
P C O
GPON SDH/DDN
network U E1
B P
D N A
Major Specification

The TOPA board is a native time division multiplexing (TDM) uplink interface board and
uses the daughter board to transmit services upstream.

In the upstream direction, the GE signals from the backplane are converted into the TDM
frames. Then the TDM frames are transmitted upstream.

In the downstream direction, the signals from TDM lines are converted into GE packets.
Then the GE packets are transmitted to corresponding service boards through control
boards

H801NH1A transmits 8 TDM signals upstream through the E1 port and implements the
native TDM function.

H801EH1A transmits 8 TDM signals upstream and implements the CESoP function.
(currently, EH1A only supports the SATOP function.)

H801NH1A transmits 1 TDM signal upstream through the STM-1 port and implements the
native TDM function.
TOPA 
H801EH1A transmits 1 TDM signals upstream and implements the CESoP function.
(currently, CSSA only supports the SATOP function.)

OPGD Board — High-Density P2P and
Cascading Board
DSLA LAG NGN/IMS
OO S O
GIU
M
PP C P
GE/10GE BRAS
GG U G IP/MPLS
GE
GIU
DD N D EMS
P2P ONT

Supports 48 channels of GE access services for one board; support 768
Highest
GE ports on one subrack (The board supports only one subrack on one
density
cabinet in full configuration.).
in the 
Supports pluggable single-fiber and two-fiber SFP optical modules

industry The maximum power consumption is 100 W.

Supports P2P access services.

Flexible Supports MxU/DSLAM/CBU cascading accesses (OPGD cannot
application function as an upstream board).


Sets the working mode based on the board: P2P or cascading.

Large Supports the synchronous Ethernet (only GE ports support the
synchronous Ethernet.)
service

OPGD Supports intra-board and inter-board port aggregations.
Capacity 
Supports the VLAN-based bridging at layer 2.

SPUB — MPLS Service Board
S PW
GIU
G S
C
P P
ONT U
GIU
B U
N
D B
The SPUB board does not provide any port on this front panel. After traffic streams are
forwarded to the SPUB board from the SCU control board, the SPUB board adds MPLS
labels to the traffic streams and forwards these traffic streams back to the SCU control
board. After that, the SCU control board forwards the traffic streams to the upstream port.
Major Specification
Supports the following functions:

TDM PWE3/ETH PWE3/ATM PWE3 and also the E2E VPN services

LSP and PW protection and MPLS OAM

MPLS-based E2E QoS

Functioning as a Provider (device on the MPLS core network) and provider edge (device at the
edge on the MPLS network)

Board-level active/standby protection, with the service interruption time shorter than 50 ms. The
SPUB
active and standby SPUB boards must reside in adjacent slots.

A maximum of two SPUB boards in the system.

CSPA Board — CESoP Service Board
E1
ONT MA5600T
BTS
G
PTN网关 BSC
ODN G S S C
G S I
P C
C C
C P
S P U
U U B
P U PTN
B U U G
D C
A B
I
U
E1 ONT
In the upstream direction, the ONU implements the GEM encapsulation to E1 and
then transmits the E1 to the CSPA board. The CSPA board encapsulates the
TDMoGEM frame into the E1 data. Then, the CSPA board encapsulates the E1
data to SAToP data, which is then encapsulated by the SPU board into MPLS
packets and then forwarded to the PTN device. The process in the downstream
direction is reverse to that in the upstream direction.
Major Specification

Converts from native TDM into SAToP; does not provide ports on the front panel.

Supports only the unstructured encapsulation; does not support the structured
encapsulation.

Supports the SAToP processing of 64 channels of E1 signals; transmits the clock
signals recovered from one of the E1 to the control board.

Supports 2K TDM connections.
CSPA

Supports board-level active/standby protection, with the service interruption time
shorter than 50 ms. The active and standby SPUB boards must reside in adjacent slots.

Uplink Interface Board and Universal Interface
Board
 
GICD: four GE upstream or subtending X2CA: 2-port 10GE optical interface unit board
optical ports.
 
GICE: four GE upstream or subtending X2CS: 2-port 10GE uplink interface card. It
electrical ports. supports 10GE synchronization Ethernet.

GICF: two GE upstream or subtending
optical ports.

P2CA: 2-port xPON upstream board on the
MA5603T

GICG: two GE upstream or subtending 
CITD: universal interface board. It supports
electrical ports. the following specifications:

Seven inputs of alarm digital parameters and

one output of digital controlling parameters
GICK: supports the following 
Two inputs of 2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz BITS clock
specifications and functions: signals and one output of 2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz

Two optical/electrical upstream or clock signals (The BIUA board needs to
subtending ports support this output.)

Ethernet clock synchronization

Compliance with IEEE1588 V2 
PRTE: power interface board. It supports the
following specifications:


One -48 V power input
GSCA: four optical/electrical GE ports. It 
Fault detection and report
supports the Ethernet clock 
Under-voltage detection and detection of
synchronization. whether the input power exists

Questions
 How many types of OLT?
 What are the differences between GPBC and GPBD?
 Which service board can deal with E1 service?
Contents

2.2 OLT
2.3 MxU
2.4 ONT
MxU Series
Electrical Power
FTTB LAN FTTB/C DSL FTTO/FTTM Solutions EOC
MA5610 ： MA5616:
•XPON/GE •XPON/GE
•256POTS/64LAN •256POTS/128ADSL2+/
96VDSL2/64G.SHDSL/32
ISDN
HG7022/7042ON
MA5612: MA5612: •1 Cable input interface
•XPON/GE MA5662 •XPON/GE •1 TV output interface
•48POTS/2GE+22FE/8E1 •GPON/GE •48POTS/2GE+22FE/8 HG7022(2FE) / HG7042(4FE)
/RF •48 VDSL2 E1/RF
MA5652
MA5620&MA5626 •GPON MA5628
•XPON/GE MA5621
•16VDSL2 •XPON/GE •XPON
•8/16/24FE+8/16/24POTS •4GE/FE+4E1
•8FE •4GE/FE+4 MA5631
•4GE+4FE（POE） RS232/RS485 •XPON
•4 Cable
End V800R309C00.
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 128
MA5616 Specification
Control
board, 1pcs
CCUB, with 2GE/2GPON
Mounting bracket
Fan tray
FCBA: FAN monitoring
board
Power board, 1pcs

Service board, 4pcs 19”2U
PDIA: DC power board
PAIA: AC power board
PAIB: AC power board with power backup
MA5616 Highlights: high-density, full-services
IMS/SS RNC
Internet
OLT
ADLE 32 ADSL2+ with splitter
VDGE 16 VDSL2 (30a) with splitter, over
GPON/EPON POTS
VDSE 24 VDSL2 (17a)
VDSH no splitter, over
Type C POTS
Type C
VDTH no splitter, over
ISDN
CS
CALE 32 ADSL2+ Combo ADSL2+ plus
ISDN POTS
ASRB 32 POTS
P2P
DSL ASPB 64 POTS
DSLD 8 ISDN
SHLH 16 SHDSL
PC EIUD P2P 4GE(Combo) + 4FE
LAN
POTS EIUA 16 FE
POTS
MA5616 Highlights: Combo Card
What is Combo?
•1.The proportion of
Broadband and VOIP is 1:1
•2.How to save space of site 32 POTS 32 ADSL 32 SPL
Provide POTS and
•3.How to reduce complexity of Three in one ADSL2+
cables
Requirement Splitter is built-in
One board provides 32

ports
NO COMBO COMBO
Without COMBO With COMBO
Three user cables One user cable
POTS
MDF ONU
(COMBO)
ADSL
MDF One card support Broadband and VOIP services.
MA5616 Highlights: Power Backup and Remote Power
Available to monitor
accumulator status of
EMS MA5616: AC+ Power Backup recharge or discharge
Available to report battery

Device NM Main abnormal status alarm to
control AC NM
-48V 220V AC input
module
Available to inquire about
Accumulator MA5616 battery status
Accumulator
management Available to differentiate
- 48V DC input whether AC or battery is
used
Remote power ---- Enabling power supply available anywhere

Central Office Copper Pair Remote Site End User
RFT-V or RFT-C Outdoor Street Cabinet
48VDC Provide the power with Free Underground

AC/DC copper pairs enclosure
Rectifier xDSL
GPON MDU
• DC back up Turning your
resources exist copper into
gold! Small Business
Outdoor Unit or Home
CPE
MA5620 & MA5626 Specification
MA5620 Only MA5620 provide
24FE+24POTS
POTS
MA5626 8FE and reverse POE
MA5626 4GE+4FE, POE
MA5626 16FE
MA5626 24FE MA5620 8FE+8POTS
Type 24FE + 24POTS/16FE +

16POTS/24FE/16FE/8FE(POE or R-POE)
Type Pizza Box
(MA5626 FE only, no POTS)
Dimensions WxDxH: 442mm×220mm×43.6mm
Protocol SIP, H.248
250mm×185mm×43mm (8ports)
Synchronization 1588V2, Ethernet clock Synchronization
Temperature -40 ℃ ~ + 55 ℃
Power supply AC
Uplink 2 Port SFP, optional GPON or GE
Cooling passive
Uplink GPON Type C, MSTP
protection Protection FE 6kV, POTS 4kV
Typical network topology & Configuration data
of MA5620&MA5626
IMS/SS
Internet
OLT UPE
Configuration data
WIFI AP Uplink 2 uplink ports, support

GPON/EPON/GE modes
EPON/GPON MA5620 24FE+24POTS
POE (AC)
GE 16FE+16POTS
GE
8FE+8POTS
Type C
MA5626 24FE
(AC)
16FE
POE 8FE
8FE （POE）
8FE (reverse POE)
POTS LAN LAN

Mainly used for FTTB+LAN
MA5620&MA5626 Highlights
Silent & High Reliability

•Passive Cooling
•No need maintenance
Passive Cooling
High Protection • No FAN, absolutely silence
•6kV Lighting Protection -LAN • Removed to replace the fan trouble
•4kV Lighting Protection -POTS
MA5620
MA5626
4G Ready
•2GE or GPON Type C
•1588V2
MA5620
PSE
MA5626
Any Scenarios
TDM POTS •Variety of spec Reverse POE
•SIP, H.248. •TDM POTS • Easy deployment.
•No need IAD, unified maintenance. •POE and Reverse POE power supply • Without outlet & Electric Meter
Uplink modes:
•2GPON;
•2GE; 2 Slot: 8FE/8E1/16POTS for each slot
•1GPON + 1GE;
•1GPON + 1RF
3 Downlink modes:
•2GE+6FE+16POTS;
•2GE+6FE
•2GE+6FE+16POTS+RF
Type Pizza Box & Plug in Plug in card type 8FE/8E1(2 PRI available)/16POTS
Dimensions WxDxH: 442mm×220mm×43.6mm Protocol SIP, H.248
Temperature -40 ℃ ~ + 65 ℃ Synchronization 1588V2, Ethernet clock Synchronization
Uplink 2 Port SFP, optional GPON or GE Power supply AC+12V Battery backup; or DC
Uplink protection GPON Type C, MSTP Cooling Intelligent fan speed adjustment
Fixed Downlink 2GE+6FE+16POTS; Protection FE 6kV, POTS 4kV

or 2GE+6FE;1PPS+TOD
of MA5612
IMS/SS RNC
Internet
Configuration data
OLT
BTS Uplink 2 uplink ports, support

GPON/EPON/GE modes
CESOP/ GPON/EPON
Native TDM FIX 2GE+6FE+16POTS
Type C Type C 2GE+6FE
2GE+6FE+16POTS+RF
Board-type 8FE
E1 16POTS
PBX Enterprise
gateway
8E1
Max capability 48POTS
24FE
16E1
Division POTS LAN
MA5612 Highlights

•Intelligent fan speed adjustment
•Temperature harden to 65℃
Lease line & Enterprise Access
•Native TDM, CESOP, 1588V2, Type
C
•POTS, E1, PRI
MA5612
High Protection
E1 PRI
PBX
•6kV Lighting Protection -LAN
•4kV Lighting Protection -POTS
E1
NodeB
Enterprise Access
• PBX Through PRI
• CESOP/Native TDM
Flexible Application & Deployment 12V battery backup
AC
• Enterprise Division Access •Flexible plug-in card mains • Easy deployment,
• Save space
•12V battery backup • Low CAPEX
Environment
Monitoring port 4GE/FE
AC power 2GPON/2GE 4E1 Mounting

port bracket
Appearance Pizza Box Synchronization 1588V2, Ethernet Synchronization,

ACR
Dimensions WxDxH: 442mm×185mm×43mm
Power supply AC/DC
Temperature -25 ℃ ~ + 55 ℃
Cooling Passive cooling
Uplink 2GE(SFP) , or 2GPON(SFP)
Protection 6kV on GE/FE
Uplink protection GPON Type C, GE LAG
Deployment mode Outdoor available
Downlink 4GE/FE(e) + 4E1
of MA5628
IMS/SS RNC
Internet
OLT
BTS
CESOP/ GPON/EPON Configuration data
Native TDM
Node B Type C Type C

MA5628 Uplink : 2 uplink ports,
(AC) support GPON/EPON/GE modes
service port: 4GE/FE(e) +

GE / E1
4E1
企业网关
Mainly used for FTTO and FTTM
MA5628 Highlights

•Passive Cooling
•No maintenance
4G Ready
•2GE or GPON Type C
•1588V2
MA5628
High Protection Rating

•6kV Lighting Protection -LAN
•GPON TYPE C
•GE LAG
Any Scenario
•CESoP or Native TDM(GPON)
•E1 Independent clock
Questions
 How many types of MxU?
 What are the differences between MA561x series and MA562x

series?
 Can MA5612 provide CATV service?
Contents

2.2 OLT
2.3 MxU
2.4 ONT
ONT Series
Gateway
ONT HG8240 HG8245 HG8247 HG866 HG866e
4GE 4GE 4GE 4FE 4FE
2POTS 2POTS 2POTS 2POTS 2POTS
1WIFI(11n) 1RF 1WIFI(11b/g) 1WIFI(11b/g)
USB 1WIFI(11n) USB USB
USB
Bridge+VOIP
ONT OT550 HG850 HG850a HG851 HG851a HG865 HG8500
HG850e HG850e
4FE 4FE 4FE 4FE 4FE 1GE 4FE
4FE 4FE
2POTS 2POTS 2POTS 4POTS 4POTS 3FE 2POTS
2POTS 2POTS
2POTS
1RF
Bridge
ONT HG810 HG810a HG813 HG860 HG861 HG863
HG813e HG810e HG813e HG810e
1FE 1GE 4FE 1FE 1GE 4GE
4FE 1GE 4FE 1GE
1RF 1RF

ONT Series
device type Network interface(NNI) User interface (UNI)
HG810 Bridge GPON 1FE
HG813 Bridge GPON 4FE
HG863 Bridge GPON 4GE
HG850a Bridge+VOIP GPON 2POTS+4FE
HG865 Bridge+VOIP GPON 1GE+3FE+2POTS+1RF
HG866 Gateway GPON 2POTS+4FE+2USB+WIFI
HG810e Bridge EPON 1GE
HG813e Bridge EPON 4FE
HG850e Bridge+VOIP EPON 2POTS+4FE
HG8240 Bridge+VOIP GPON/EPON 2POTS+4GE
HG866e Gateway EPON 2POTS+4FE+USB+WIFI
HG8245 Gateway GPON/EPON 2POTS+4GE+USB+WIFI
HG8247 Gateway GPON/EPON 2POTS+4GE+USB+CATV+WIFI
ONT-HG850
 The HG850 is ONT designed for home users
and small office home office
(SOHO) users.
 interface
 GPON : 2.5Gbps/1.25Gbps status description
 2 -port POTS
POWER on: normal；off: abnormal
 4 -port FE
AUTH on: registered；off: unregistered
 protocol
on: Operation-state (normal working state)；
 MGCP, SIP, MoIP, FoIP LINK
off: abnormal
 QoS on: The HG850 is connected to the Ethernet；
LAN
 802.1q/802.1p blinking: Data is being transmitted ；
off: The HG850 is not connected to the
 power Ethernet
 100V to 240V AC input VoIP on: The VoIP function is Enabled.

off: The VoIP function is disabled.
 12V DC , 2A output
ONT-HG8247(new)
 The HG8247 is an indoor ONT at the access layer of a GPON network,
designed for home users and SOHO users.
Port /Button Function

CATV Indicates an RF port, used to connect to a TV set.
OPTICAL The optical connector connected to this OPTICAL port is an SC/APC connector.
LAN1-LAN4 Indicate auto-sensing 10/100/1000 Base-T Ethernet ports (RJ-45),

used to connect to the PC or IP set-top box (STB)
TE1-TE2 Indicate VoIP telephone ports (RJ-11), used to connect to the telephone set.
USB Indicate USB host port, used to connect to USB storage devices.
WLAN Indicates the WLAN button, used to enable or disable the WLAN function.
Questions
 How many services HG850 support?
 Which ONT can support Wi-Fi service?
Contents
FTTH Solution
 In an FTTH solution, different types of ONTs provide different service interfaces to users.
 Typical FTTH network topology
PC Bridge
H810
H813
FE/GE
HDTV
OLT Internet
PC Multi- MA5600T
FE/GE service
H865 IP
BTV/VOD FE/RF H850a
splitter softswitch
POTS
TEL
Gateway
WI-FI H866 IPTV
H8247
PC
FE/RF imanager N2000
POTS
FTTB/FTTC Solution
 An FTTB solution is applicable to enterprise
IP
buildings, or the apartments where medium-
and- high density people live in. In an FTTB switch
solution, the OLT is connected by optical fibers

to the ONUs installed in building corridors, and OLT MA5600
the ONUs are connected to all user terminals by

twisted pairs, so as to provide voice, data, and
splitter
video services to the users in the building.
 FTTB/FTTC network topology

FTTB:
MA5620/MA5626 FTTC:
MA5652 MA5616
Enterprise ADSL modem

switch Home gateway
PC
FTTO Solution
 Typical FTTO networking application
OLT
MA5680
MA5612/
MA5628
FTTO-Enterprise Access Service
 Networking application of enterprise Internet access service
 Private line interconnection application when the enterprise HQ
and the branches use different OLTs
 Private line interconnection when the enterprise HQ and the
branches are connected to the same OLT
 Enterprise PBX access
MA5612
FTTM Solution
 Full-service carriers hope to carry 2G and 3G voice and mobile data services on a
unified ME network. The carriers expect to use abundant PON resources to carry
mobile services on an integrated plat form. This type of carriers can adopt the
combined solution of MA5680T +MA5612 or the combined solution of MA5680T +
MA5628, as shown in figure.
 Networking application of a PON carrying base station access
FTTM Solution
 TDM Service-based Base Station Access to the SDH Network
Application Through Private Line (Carried by the GPON Line)
FTTM Solution
 ETH service-based base station private line access application
(QinQ private line)
Questions
 How to provide enterprise VPN service through FTTx solution?
 Which services can be provided by FTTM solution?
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
 FTTx Hardware, such as OLT, MxU and ONT;
 FTTx scenarios, such as FTTH, FTTB/C, FTTO and FTTM;
 FTTx services, such as HSI, VOIP, IPTV and etc.
Thank You
www.huawei.com

02-Sales-Access Network Basic Knowledge

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Jun 2006

ADSL Protocol Basics

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

This course describes the Asymmetrical

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. For internal use only Page 1

Huawei ADSL2+ Principle and Testing Service Guide -

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. For internal use only Page 3

Chapter 2 ADSL/ADSL/ADSL2+ Principles

Chapter 3 ADSL Parameters

Chapter 4 ADSL Trend

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Middle Late 1990s

ISDN HDSL ADSL VDSL Other DSL

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 ADSL is an asymmetrical xDSL technology. It makes full use of the untapped

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 VDSL is a new xDSL technology to provide symmetrical or asymmetrical upstream and

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Maximum Twisted POTS

G.SHDSL Asymmetrical 2.3 Mbps 5.5 1 No

Downstream: 8196 kbps

Symmetrical/A Downstream: 52 Mbps (asymmetrical)

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1. What are the technical features of the ADSL, VDSL and

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Chapter 2 ADSL/ADSL/ADSL2+ Principles

Chapter 3 ADSL Parameters

Chapter 4 ADSL Trend

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2.1 ADSL Protocols Standardization

2.2 ADSL Principle

2.3 ADSL2 Features

2.4 ADSL2+ Features

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. For internal use only Page 14

FAMILY DESCRIPTION RATIFIED

ADSL G.992.1/ T1.413 G.dmt 1999

ADSL G.992.2 G.lite 1999

ADSL2 G.992.3 G.dmt.bis 2002

ADSL2 G.992.4 G.lite.bis 2002

ADSL2+ G.992.5 ADSL2 PLUS 2003

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2.1 ADSL Protocols Standardization

2.2 ADSL Principle

2.3 ADSL2 Features

2.4 ADSL2+ Features

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• ADSL features  ADSL standards

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69 kHz: upstream pilot tone 276 kHz: downstream

Upstream subcarrier Downstream subcarrier

Activate the request and

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2.1 ADSL Protocols Standardization

2.2 ADSL Principle

2.3 ADSL2 Features

2.4 ADSL2+ Features

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. For internal use only Page 23