bulletin 9 cy [S) ar °o o re a mo] ° ° Da fo} pu o mo] 5 Lor) Guidance for good bridge design Part 1 Introduction Part 2 Design and construction aspectsGuidance for good bridge design Guide to good practice prepared by fib Task Group 1.2 Bridges (former FIP Special Commission on Bridges) uly 2000Subject to priorities defined by the Steering Committee and the Praesidium, the results of fib’s work in Commissions and Task Groups are published in a continuously numbered series of technical publications called ‘Bulletins’. The following categories are used category ‘minimum approval procedure required prior to publication Technical Report | approved by a Task Group and the Chairpersons of the Commission State-of-Art report [approved by a Commission ‘Manual or approved by the Steering Commitiee of fib or is Publication Board Guide (10 good practice) Recommendation | approved by the Couneil of fib Model Code approved by the General Assembly of fib Any publication not having met the above requirements will be clearly idemtified as preliminary draft A first draft of the guide had been reviewed in July 1998 by the former FIP Editorial Board. Recommended for publication subject to some amendments, these were introduced in the meantime by fib Task Group 1.2 Bridges, which started as a former FIP Special Commission with the same ttle. After the 1998 merger of CEB} and FIP into fib, this guide is now published in the new fib series of bulletins. Members of Task Group 1.2 Bridges involved inthe preparation of this report: Michel Virlogeux®®®® (France, Chairman of previous FIP Special Commission Bridges until September 1996), Jean-Frangois Klein®®® (switzerland, Chairman of previous FIP Special Commission Bridges from September 1996 to May 1998, chairman of fib Commission 1 Structures since), Rudolf Bergermann (Germany), José Luis Cancio Martins®® (Portugal), Jean-Marie Cremer'*" ?) (elgium), Peter Head® (United Kingdom), René Walther (Switzerland), Keith Wilson (United Kingdom) Full affiliation details of Commission members may be found in the fib Directory. ©B9OOGO: Chapter number of part | for which this Member was the main preparing author. (oar 2: Member as the main preparing author For part 2 Acknowledgements are due to Keith Wilson for the linguistic revision of the entire document, and to Bill Crozier for part 1, chapter 7. Final editing, figures and layout have been prepared by Jean-Francois Klein, “Michel Virlogeux and Jean-Marie Cremer, with revision by Keith Wilson. Cover photo: Brotonne Bridge over the river Seine in France (photo: SETRA - G. Forquet) © federation internationale du béton (fib), 2000 Although the Intemational Federation for Structural Concrete fib - féderation internationale du béton - created fiom CEB and FIP, does its best to ensure that any information given is accurate, no liability or responsibilty of ‘any kind (including liability for negligence) is accepted inthis respect by the organisation, its members, servants ‘or agents. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission, First published 2000 by the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) Post address: Case Postale 88, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Sireet address: Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne - EPFL, Département Genie Civil Tel (+41.21) 693 2747, Fax (441.21) 693 S884, E-mail fib@epfich ISSN 1562-3610 ISBN 2-88394-049-5 Printed by Sprint-Druck StuttgartForeword The Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte - FIP - decided to set up a special commission devoted to design and construction of bridges. Its work began in June. 1993, with a limited number of experienced engineers to prepare a document on bridge design Our intention, initially, was to issue recommendations to designers in order to help them improve the quality of their projects in all aspects including aesthetics. But we very soon discovered the most important help we could give was not in this field at all, We discovered that many problems conceming bridge design, particularly those related to creativity and innovation, to aesthetics and elegance and to many other elements of the global performance, as well as the quality of the detailed design itself, could come from the selection of the designer according to inappropriate criteria and also from the contract conditions. Clearly, a good design must be paid for at its real cost ; economising on the design cost can be extremely counterproductive for the owner when considering the final whole-life cost of the project. In addition, we considered it very important to address the designer's responsibilities and relations with other participants in large projects and finally design philosophy itself. As the preparation of a complete document on bridge design, including these major aspects as well as more technical ones, would have taken a very long time, we decided to work by successive steps. We concluded that the most urgent need was to address these major professional problems, which are not covered by existing documents or the activities of intemnational associations. The first part of this report is our tentative answer to these problems. It is addressed to designers, of course, but even more to Owners and Project Managers as a guide (0 the efficient selection of designers and contractors, and to the preparation of fair contracts providing high quality at reasonable cost ‘The second part, more technical and mainly addressed to bridge designers, is devoted to a systematic analysis of structural and constructional bridge concepts: erection techniques and their influence on design, organisation of cross-sections Together they form the first volume of what was to become the FIP Guidance for a good bridge design. As with the merger between FIP and CEB, the FIP Bridge Commission has been integrated in a new Commission with a wider scope: Commission 1 - Structures; the document has been finalized through the activities of the new fib Task-Group 1.2. The first volume of the guidance to good bridgedesign is published in the name of the new association, the Fédération Internationale du Béton, fib. This document may be considered as being based on European experience only, since all authors are from Western Europe and have taken many of their examples from this part of the world for practical reasons. However the problems discussed in the different chapters are international, and the best technical solutions are the same, or almost, all over the world, If necessary, and if this guidance to good bridge design is considered useful, it may be complemented and amended in the future. Finally, it should be understood that guidance like that included in this report has to take very clear and strong positions, some of which may be challenged by those who have different opinions. We have tried our best to give a balanced presentation of all the problems and systems which exist in different countries, but at the same time we could not weaken our analyses and have had to criticise some methods or tendencies which lead to low quality and poor designs. We have attempted to present clearly our ideas and proposals which we consider are keys for producing well-designed bridges. Bonnelles / Genéve, June 2000 Michel VIRLOGEUX, Jean-Frangois Klein First Chairman ofthe FIP Bridge Commission ‘Second Chuitman ofthe FIP Bridge Commission Chairman of fi commission | "Structures"Contents PART I 1 Objective of a good design Ld Introduction 12 Efficiency 7 Functionality 1.2.2 Design 13 Economy 14 Elegance 1.4.1 Integration into its surroundings a Natural site b. Urban bridges ©. ‘Suburban, industrial and other areas 142 Aesthetics a. Proportions b. ‘Transparency c Slenderness 4. Unity and harmony Details f. Colour 8 ‘Materials and equipments i 2d 2.2 23 24 2.4.1 2.4.2 243 25 Decoration Conclusion SSovcocwmerasasyssuunnne Co-ordination with other aspects of the project, other than structural General concepts, elements of the route Where do bridges fit in ? The different disciplines involved Interaction with the bridge designer Plan view of the route Influence of the longitu ‘Transverse section Local conditions Nature preservation Geotechnies Hydraulic Constraints Wind Action Seismic Action Impact of the Works Public Services Networks Drainage Sound Pollution Accidental impacts Clearances Conclusion al section ee 13, 14 16 7 18 20 21 2 22 23 23 23 2B 23 24 24 24 25 25 25