APPENDIX C EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS FOR SELECTED SUBSTANCES* Dissociation (lonization) Constants (Ka) of Selected Acids Name and Formula Lewis Structure’ Kay Ka Ky Ho: i Acetic acid HCH 18x10 CHsCOOH I Ve al Acetic acid" wd Stow sox10~* CH,COOC; HCOOH Sed oe f ‘ott h rity Atipicacid a ee HOOC(CH)\COOH shad 9: Arsenic acid Ho 6x10> Lio"? 3x1o-P HaAs0, dui HH oH a4 Ascorbic acid WX be8 Lox10-> sx? HCO ob ie Agen Ned ac O Berm i wd Bg s3x10-# CaHsCOOH Vad’ con i Curhonie acid Hoe asx? agi! HCO» Ho: i i (Choroacetic acid 40-64 1axa0 cici.coon I Chlorous acid HS-a=6, Lao HAO, “Al vluos at 298 K, except for aosylaicyio acd (continued) ‘Acidic fonizable) protor(e) shown in red, Structures shown have lowest formal charges, ALST'Cin ASM NACL ABAppendix C Equilibrium Constants for Selected Substances Ag Dissociation (lonization) Constants (K,) of Selected Acids Name and Formula Lewis Structure’ Kas Kao Kas i Tits Citric acid. H-§—c—¢—¢—c—C—8—-H Taxiot LIx10-* 4.0x107 HOOCCH,C(OH\(COOH)CH,COOH yd a=0 o-H Formic acid 1ax10~ HCOOH iy Glyceric acid H-6—CG—C—C—6—H 290x104 HOCH,CH(OH)COOH bdo ia Glycolic acid H-0-G—C—6-H 15x10 HOCH,COOH I it Giyoxylie acid bacon ssxi0-4 HC(O}COOH Hydrocyanic acid HOCEN 62x10" HCN Hydrofluoric acid HE 68x10 HF Hydcosulfuric acid HOg-H ox10-8 bao? HS Hypobromous acid HAO: 23x10°° HBrO Hypochlorous acid H-O-¢h 29x10-* HCIO Hypoiodous acid H-O-i. 23x10" HIO t lodie acid H-O-1=0 16x10" HIO HHO . Lil " Lactic acid H-G—¢—0— 6H 14x10 CH,CH(OH)COOH | boy 12x10? 47107 (continued)Ato Appendix C Equilibrium Constants for Selected Substances. Dissociation (lonization) Constants (K,) of Selected Acids (continued) Name and Formula Lewis Structure’ Ke Ka Ky Ty Malonic acid HBC Laxio? 20x10-* HOOCCH;COOH | Nitrous acid TAx10-4 HNO; 9 @ orale ac woh tgn sexi? saxi0- HOOCCOOH Kooy je=et Phenol wd bo 10x10“? C(HSOH Vd / co Rood roti Phenylacetic acid wd Yb bon 49x03 CgHsCH;COOH Sd a% Phosphoric acid 72x10-3 63x10 = 420-8 HPO, t Phosphorous acid HOPG 3x10? Lae HPO(OH), O-H H Hoo: , iy ap Propanoic acid ago 13x10 CH.CH,COOH Lf ha Pyruvic acid H—C—C—C—6—H 28x10 CHsC(O)COOH, | pit Sueeinic acid H-O—C—C—C—C—5-H 62x10-§ 2.310% HOOCCH;CH,COOH ti i Sulfuric acid H=6-S—8-H Very large 10x10? H,80, b Sulfurous acid Lax1e? esx10 H,S0; (continued)Appendix C Equilibrium Constants for Selected Substances Dissociation (lonization) Constants (Kp) of Selected Amine Bases Name and Formula Lewis Structure" Ammonia NHs Aniline CoHisNHs Diethylamine (CH;CH:),NH Dimmethylamine (CHla)NH Ethanolamine HOCH CHNH, tf Bthylamine ntti CHSCHNH tad i Eihylenediamine HoI|-¢—¢—j/—-4 HLNCH,CHNH, badd ‘ Methylamine H=¢—\/-4 CHSNH i iia tert Burglamine hh (CHlaxCNHe mae 4 RH wa rN Piperidine oH CsHhoNH ca AN WA ISH iii n-Propylamine H-G-¢—¢—ii—# CH3CHCH)NH> add Kon Ko 1.76x10-> 4.0101 8.6104 soxig-* 32x10-° 43x10 8.59107 TaAx10-§ 4avao+ 448x104 Laxi0 3sxig* (continued )Aa2 Appendix C Equilibrium Constants for Selected Substances, Dissociation (lonization) Constants (Ks) of Selected Amine Bases (continued) Name and Formula Lewis Structure Kor Koo HSH Isopropylamine 4rxa0+ (CHi),CHNF, iit 13-Propylenediamine — #—i/—-¢—¢—¢—i-H aixio* —-3.0x10-§ HNCEL.CHACILNHy toad Net a Pyridine wee 17x10? GSHsN Ved cy 4 Triethylamine (CH3CH2)gN 4 Trimethylamine — (CHSN h d HH 4H aed ee st Ad Ad 4 its sacio Dissociation (Ionization) Constants Formation Constants (Kj) (Ka) of Some Hydrated Metal lons Free ton RE set ce Abt at Pet cet Net Hydrated Jon Fo(li0)<5*(ag) Sn(H0) 93x10 Ni(NHs}e"* 2.010% POH): 8 a0! ‘Sn(OH)s— 3 x1e> ZnCN)y 42xa0l? Za(NHa)¢"* 78x10 ZO 4 3 x1089‘Appendix C Equilibrium Constants for Selected Substances, AaB Solubility-Product Constants (Ksp) of Slightly Soluble lonic Compounds Name, Formula Key Name, Formula Koy Carbonates Cobalt(II) hydroxide, Co(OH)» 13x10 Barium carbonate, BaCOs Copper(ID hydroxide, C(O). 22x10" ‘Cadmium carbonate, CACO; Iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH) 4a 8 Calcium carbonate, CaCO; Iron(III) hydroxide, Fe(OH); 16x10? Cobalt{II} carbonate, CoCO3, ‘Magnesium hydroxide, Me(OH)» 63x10” Copper(ll) carbonate, CuCOs, Manganese(II} hydroxide, Mn(OH)y L6x10-% Lead{(II) carbonate, PbCO; Nickel(II) hydroxide, Ni(OH} 6 xia Magnesium carbonate, MgCO; Zine hydroxide, Za(OH} 3 x19 Mercury(1) carbonate, HgsCOs Todates Nickel(il) carbonate, NiCOs Barium iodate, Ba(IOs)2 15x10 Strontium carbonate, SrCO; Calcium iodate, Ca(IO5), zixio? ‘Zine carbonate, ZnCO; Lead(II) iodate, Pb(105}, 25x10 8 ‘Chromates: Silver iodate, AgIO; 31x1o-® Barium chromate, BaCrOy Strontium iodate, Sr(103)2 33x1077 Calcium chromate, CaCrO, Zine iodate, Zn(105}5. 39x10°% Lead) chromate, PbCrO, Onalates Silver chromate, AgoCrO, Barium oxalate dihydrate, BaCyOy'2Hs0 11x10? Cyanides Calcium oxalate monohydrate, CaC0,-H0 23x10°° Mercury} cyanide, Hex(CN)> Strontium oxalate monohydrate, Silver cyanide, AgCN S1C,0,-H,0. 56x10 * Halides Phosphates Fhuorides Caleinm phosphate, Cas(PO,)> 12x10" Barium fluoride, BaF Magnesium phosphate, Mgs(PO,)2 S210 Calcium fluoride, CaF, Silver phosphate, AgPO, 26x10 % Lead({l) fluoride, PbF 36x 10% Sulfates Magnesium fluoride, MgFy Barium sulfate, BaSO, Lbag? Strontium fuotide, StF, Calcium sulfate, CaSO, 224x107 Chlorides Lead({I) sulfate, PbSO, 16x10-* Copper( I} chloride, CuCl Radium sulfate, RaSO, 2 cao Lead(II} chloride, PbCl, Silver sulfate, Ag,SO, 1sx19> Silver chloride, AgC] Strontium sulfate, SSO, 32x10°7 Bromides Sulfides Copper(l) bromide, CuBr Cadmium sulfide, CaS 1.0%107%* Silver bromide, AgBr Copperil) sulfide, CuS 8 x10 Jodides Iron(I!) sulfide, FeS 8 x10 Coppertl} iodide, Cal Lead(I}) sulfide, PbS 3 10-8 Leadill) iodide, Pbls Manganese(ll) sulfide, Mn 3 x10" Mereary(l) iodide, Hala Mercnry(l) sulfide, HS 2 x10" Silver iodide, Agh Nickell) sulfide, NiS 3 x10 Hydroxides Silver sulfide, AgoS 8 x10 * Aluminum hydroxide, AMOH); ‘Tin(II) sulfide, SnS 13x10 ‘Cadmium hydroxide, Cd(OH)s Zine sulfide, ZaS 20x10 2 Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2