An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is ilegal and is called

a foul.

Most commonly commited by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive
players.

Players who fouled:

Either:
Receive the ball to pass inbound again.
Or
Receive one or more free throws if they are fould in the shooting.

Technical foul - arguing with the referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with
a more serious foul called a technical foul.

Blantant foul with excessive contact or that are not an attempt to play the ball are called
unsportsmanlike fouls. (Fragrant foul in NBA)

If a team exceeds 10 fouls in the half, the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all
subsequent fouls for the half.

Fouled out
- A player who , in an international game commits five fouls (including technical fouls), or in an
NBA game, commit six fouls (excluding technical fouls) is not allowed to participate for the rest
of the game.

Flagrant
One point - is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 15 ft (4.5m) from
the basket