Name of Drug Dosage, Route Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility

and Frequency Action

Generic Name: Dosage: The mechanism of - Tramadol is a narcotic- • all children younger - Addiction, Abuse, and Assessment
Tramadol action for Tramadol is like pain reliever. than 12 years of age Misuse ▪ History: Hypersensitivity to
50 to 100 mg  not exactly known. - Tramadol is used to treat • post-operative - Life-Threatening tramadol; pregnancy; acute
But it is known to act moderate to severe pain in management in Respiratory Depression intoxication with alcohol,
on the mu opioid adults. children younger - Ultra-Rapid opioids, psychotropic drugs or
Brand Name: receptors to produce - The extended-release form of than 18 years of age Metabolism of other centrally acting
Ryzolt Frequency: pain relief. Opioid tramadol is for around-the- following Tramadol and Other analgesics; lactation; seizures;
Ultram receptors are located clock treatment of pain. The tonsillectomy and/or Risk Factors for Life- concomitant use of CNS
Ultram ER q8h in the brain and there extended-release form of adenoidectomy threatening Respiratory depressants or MAOIs; renal or
are three types, of tramadol is not for use on an Depression in Children hepatic impairment; past or
which the mu opioid as-needed basis for pain. - Neonatal Opioid present history of opioid
receptor is one. Withdrawal Syndrome addiction
Classification: Route: Normally, when a - Seizure ▪ Physical: Skin color, texture,
opiate (narcotic) painful stimulus - Adrenal Insufficiency lesions; orientation, reflexes,
analgesics IV, IM, PO occurs, a neuron - Gastrointestinal bilateral grip strength, affect; P,
communicates to the Adverse Reactions auscultation, BP; bowel sounds,
brain and the person - Hypersensitivity normal output; LFTs, renal
feels pain. When a Reactions function tests
person takes Interventions
Tramadol, it acts on ▪ Control environment
the mu opioid (temperature, lighting) if
receptor, blocking the sweating or CNS effects occur.
neuron from ▪ WARNING: Limit use in
communicating pain patients with past or present
to the brain. history of addiction to or
dependence on opioids.
Teaching points
▪ You may experience these side
effects: Dizziness, sedation,
drowsiness, impaired visual
acuity (avoid driving or
performing tasks that require
alertness); nausea, loss of
appetite (lie quietly, eat
frequent small meals).
▪ Report severe nausea, dizziness,
severe constipation.

Name of Drug Dosage, Route Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility
and Frequency Action
Generic Name: Dosage: Anti- ketorolac Contraindicated with CNS: • assess first the patient
Ketorolac inflammatory an tromethamine is significant renal headache, before administering the
Tromethamine Injection – d analgesic indicated for the short- impairment, aspirin dizziness, drug: know the history
15, 30 mg/mL, activity; inhibits term ( ≤ 5 days) allergy, recent GI somnolence, (e.g. allergies, renal
Ophthalmic prostaglandins management of bleed or insomnia, impairment, etc.) and
Brand Name: solution – and leukotriene moderately severe perforation . fatigue, physical condition of the
Toradol 0.4% (LS), synthesis acute pain that requires Use cautiously dizziness patient (reflexes,
Sprix 0.5% analgesia at the opioid with impaired tinnitus, ophthalmologic and
Tablets – level, usually in a hearing; allergies; ophthalmologic eff audiometric evaluation,
Classification: 10 mg postoperative setting. hepatic conditions ects orientation, clotting
Anti-pyretic times, serum electrolytes,
NSAID etc.)
• In case of
Frequency: hypersensitivity, be sure
that emergency
IV: 30 mg q6hr equipment is available.
IM: 30 • Drug vials should be
mg q6hr protected from light.
PO: 20 • To maintain serum levels
mg once after and control pain
IV/IM therapy, effectively, administer it
then 10 mg q4- every six hours.
6hr • Report any signs of
itching, swelling in the
ankles, sore throat, easy
bruising, etc.
Route:

IV, IM, PO

Name of Drug Dosage, Route Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibility
 and Frequency Action
Generic Name: Dosage: Potent anti-ulcer ▪ Short-term treatment of Conditions: ▪ Headache, Assessment
Ranitidine drug that active duodenal ulcer • stomach cancer dizziness. Rarely ▪ History: Allergy to
150 mg; 300 mg; competitively and ▪ Maintenance therapy • porphyria hepatitis, ranitidine, impaired renal
Brand Name: 75 mg; 15 mg/mL; reversibly inhibits for duodenal ulcer at • liver problems thrombocytopae or hepatic function,
Zantac 25 mg/mL; 1 histamine action at reduced dosage • decreased kidney nia, leucopaenia, lactation, pregnancy
mg/mL; 25 mg H2-receptor sites ▪ Short-term treatment of function hypersensitivity, Interventions
Classification: on parietal cells, active, benign gastric Allergies: confusion, ▪ Administer oral drug with
gastrointestinal thus blocking ulcer • Histamine H2 gynaecomastia, meals and at bedtime.
agent; gastric acid ▪ Short-term treatment of Inhibitors impotence, ▪ Decrease doses in renal and
antisecretory (h2- secretion. Indirectly GERD somnolence, liver failure.
receptor Frequency: reduces pepsin ▪ Pathologic vertigo, ▪ Provide concurrent antacid
antagonist) secretion but hypersecretory hallucinations. therapy to relieve pain.
Q8 appears to have conditions (eg, ▪ Potentially ▪ Arrange for regular follow-
minimal effect on Zollinger-Ellison Fatal: Anaphyla up, including blood tests, to
fasting and syndrome) xis, evaluate effects.
postprandial serum ▪ Treatment of erosive hypersensitivity Teaching points
Route: gastrin esophagitis reactions. ▪ Take drug with meals and
concentrations or ▪ Treatment of heartburn, at bedtime. Therapy may
IV, IM, PO secretion of gastric acid indigestion, sour continue for 4–6 weeks or
intrinsic factor or stomach longer.
mucus. ▪ If you also are using an
antacid, take it exactly as
prescribed, being careful of
the times of administration.
▪ Have regular medical
follow-up care to evaluate
your response.
▪ Report sore throat, fever,
unusual bruising or
bleeding, tarry stools,
confusion, hallucinations,
dizziness, severe headache,
muscle or joint pain.