Aldo Attanasio ea. Procedia CIRP 8 (2015) 218-228 2 3. Tool wear models 3.1, Response surface model (RSM) Minitab software was used for the statistical analyses, First of all, the ANOVA analysis was applied fon the experimental data to evaluate the influence of Ve, fand ton VB and KT. This analysis allows to verify the normal distribution of residuals and to test the normality of experimental data. If necessary, itis also possible to ‘optimize the representation of the experimental data using a tool of Minitab called “Box-Cox transformation” [10] that minimizes the standard deviation of a standardized wansformed variable, After “Box-Cox transformation”, the experimental values of VB wore substituted by the square root of their values while the values of KT by the natural logarithm of experimental data, The so transformed data passed the normality estas shown in Figure 6a and Figure 6b, ® Pali Pot fo “a a ® Probate ‘Now 9941 ‘nae Fi 6, Probability pots for JVB (and (KT) The ANOVA F-test was performed on the “Box- ‘transformed data for analyzing the significant effects of input variables. Tae analysis was carried out for a level of significance of 5%, so for a level of confidence of 95%. Table? shows the ANOVA results for the transformed data of VB and KT. By observing the P- value of Table 2, its possible to state that all the factors and their interactions affect the amount of VB and KT. ‘Only the interaction between feed rate and cutting time showed a light influence on VB. Table2. ANOVA rts fr 47H and nk) anova WB KT TFastor___ Fest Povalue Fest ovale Ve 1262.8 9735.7 0.00 F 483.8 146734 <0.00 T 600.7 3085.7 <0.00 Vexf 645 439.4 <0,00) 16 63 0.00) 1a 53 <0.00) 28 54 0) Through the RSM analysis analytical full second ‘order models of each wear parameter was determined. ‘The models are reported in Equations (1) and (2). 0.70199 + 0.008367, + VB ft #+1.88679 f+ 0.007231 - 0,000021 > 2 0 3.89975 f? ~0,00288/" —0,001697V,.f +0,00015¥,t + 0.02176 ft)” KT f 1) = exp(-3.2648 — 0.03677, + +5.6378f +0.49991 + 0.00017,2 + ® +11.0695 f? — 0.04837? + 0.01257V,f + 0,0005¥,,t + 0.1929 ft)? 3.2. Artificial Newral Network (ANN) Tool wear models were defined utilizing feed forward ‘neural networks based on backpropagation algorithm, The cutting test data were provided to the designed neural networks in order to train, validate and test them, Several configurations of networks, characterized by different number of hidden layers and number of neurons in the hidden layers, were trained for carrying ‘out the best arrangement for the wear parameters prediction, in terms of resulting errors as reported in Table 3. The input neurons are the investigated cutting parameters (Ve, f and 1), while the output layer ‘corresponds othe wear parameters KT and VB, For developing ANNs the Neural Network Toolbox of Matlab®@ was used and the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm was chosen for its low