PUNZALAN, Nicole D.

Microbial Diseases of the Reproductive and Urinary System

Complete the following table:

Disease Pathogen Portal of Entry Symptoms Method of Transmission Treatment

A. Bacterial diseases

1. Gonorrhea Neisseria In males: Urethra, Urethritis, dysuria, penile or Sexual contact Ceftriaxone, azithromycin
gonorrhoeae anal canal, and vaginal discharge, rectal pain and
pharynx. In females: bleeding; in females, pelvic pain,
Endocervix, anal intermenstrual bleeding, pelvic
canal and pharynx. inflammatory disease, salpingitis,
increased risk of infertility or
ectopic pregnancy; in
disseminated infections, arthritis,
endocarditis, meningitis

2. Nongonococcal Germs - Human Reproductive • Discharge from the penis. NGU can be passed during sex (vaginal, Antibiotics
Urethritis chlamydia Organs • Burning or pain when anal or oral) that involves direct mucous
urinating. membrane contact with an infected
person.
• Itching, irritation or
tenderness.
• Underwear stain.

3. Pelvic Bacteria from Human Reproductive • Pain in your lower It most often occurs when Antibiotics
Inflammatory chlamydia and Organs abdomen; sexually transmitted bacteria spread from
Disease gonorrhea • Fever; your vagina to your uterus, fallopian
tubes or ovaries.
• An unusual discharge with
a bad odor from your
vagina;
• Pain and/or bleeding when
you have sex;
• Burning sensation when
you urinate; or.
• Bleeding between periods.
 4. Syphilis Treponema External genitals, Primary: hard chancre; Sexual contact or from mother to Penicillin G, tetracycline, doxycycline.
pallidum vagina, anus, or in Secondary: rash, cutaneous neonate during birth
the rectum. lesions, condylomata, malaise,
fever, swollen lymph nodes;
Tertiary: gummas, cardiovascular
syphilis, neurosyphilis, possibly
fatal

5. Bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella Vagina • A thin white or Sexually transmitted Treatment

vaginalis gray vaginal discharge;
• Pain, itching, or burning in
the vagina;
• A strong fish-like odor,
especially after sex;
• Burning when urinating;
• Itching around the outside
of the vagina.

B. Viral disease

1. Genital herpes herpes simplex Oropharynx, cervix, • Pain or itching. You may
virus conjunctivae or small experience pain and
cracks in skin is tenderness in your genital
required for infection. area until
the infection clears.
• Small red bumps or tiny
white blisters. These may
appear a few days to a
few weeks after infection.
Sexually transmitted There is no cure for herpes. Antiviral
medications can, however, prevent or
shorten outbreaks during the period of
time the person takes the medication.
In addition, daily
suppressive therapy (i.e. daily use of
antiviral medication) for herpes can
reduce the likelihood of transmission
to partners.

2. AIDS human Although the portal of
immunodeficiency entry for HIV infection
virus (HIV). is typically through
direct blood
inoculation or
exposure of the virus
to genital mucosal
surfaces, the GI tract
contains a large
amount of lymphoid
• Rapid weight loss.
• Recurring fever or
profuse night sweats.
• Extreme and
unexplained tiredness.
• Prolonged swelling of the
lymph glands in the
armpits, groin, or neck.
Contact between broken skin, wounds,
or mucous membranes and HIV-infected
blood or blood-contaminated body fluids.
Deep, open-mouth kissing if both
partners have sores or bleeding gums
and blood from the HIV-positive partner
gets into the bloodstream of the HIV-
negative partner. HIV is
not spread through saliva.
• HIV medicine is called
antiretroviral therapy (ART).
• There is no effective cure for
HIV. But with proper medical
care, you can control HIV.
• Most people can get the virus
under control within six
months.
 tissue, making this an • Diarrhea that lasts for • Taking HIV medicine does not
ideal site more than a week. prevent transmission of other
for HIV replication. • Sores of the mouth, anus, sexually transmitted diseases.
or genitals.

C. Fungal disease

1. Candidiasis Fungus - Candida Pathogens can use • a burning feeling while Transmitted from mother to infant For most infections, the treatment is
Microfold (M) cells as having sex or while through childbirth, and remains as part of an antifungal medicine applied inside
a portal of entry to urinating. a normal human's microflora. the vagina or a single dose
cross the epithelial • an itchy or painful feeling of fluconazole taken by mouth.
barrier. in or around the vagina.
• redness, irritation,
or swelling around the
vagina.
• abnormal vaginal
discharge that can be
either watery, or thick and
white.
• a rash around the vagina.

D. Protozoan disease

1. Trichomoniasis Trichomonas Human Reproductive Women with trichomoniasis may
vaginalis Organ notice: Itching,
burning, redness or soreness of
the genitals; Discomfort
with urination; A change in
their vaginal discharge (i.e.,
thin discharge or increased
volume) that can be clear, white,
yellowish, or greenish with an
unusual fishy smell.
Sexually transmitted Trichomoniasis can be cured with a
single dose of prescription
antibiotic medication (either
metronidazole or tinidazole), pills
which can be taken by mouth. It is
okay for pregnant women to take
this medication.