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    Galen. The capacities of the soul... transl. Singer P.N.

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    10 views51 pages

    Galen. The Capacities of The Soul... Transl. Singer P.N.

    Uploaded by

    Gerda Gerda

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 51
    Translation IV.767 K. The Capacities ofthe Soul Depend onthe Misturs ofthe Body? "he propane ruth confirmed by obrerstion ‘and philsephicalauthriy 1. That che epee ofthe sul depend onthe mints ofthe bad? something sat | ive pur tothe et and searched in anyway ot just once or wie, Baton very many ecaons, ao py on my ow ount but, fom the beginning, gether with my teacher and le in the company ofthe best plop [lve consistently found the sgument tbe both tue and sei thse who wish improve he ‘own sous, fortis very son, at dics la my tease on Casomary 768K, Pracsice:* we bring about good mixture ia the body through whet me fat and drink and alo through our daily paces, nd fom tis gad the pe ai saul iat wl ache Difring chara veal 2. "The erting poi a valzaon of he ar apparent in sn Ieome que ev remaly id whl and gona, ae shameless whl other sch difrene tue to hae nd forms and pao i wil be pole esi a nae md ie aa nd Temlaton Imintuse will achlewe vine forthe soul ~ atthe ascites of Pythag ts and Plato ave reported wo hae done aswell scorn aber af te Diving charac in infos demonstrate ht di ‘oul apace and therefore eo val stance 2 The starting-point ofthe ene argument which is bout obese is a reztion ofthe difeencs in actions and aflions of the sod whch are apparent in small culden and fom which the capacs ofthe sol levome quit evden. For it apparent hat ome snl cide a ee tremely imi, while some re qui undaunted and chat somes nat ble and gliconous, whe ose have the oppose dipoton hac soe ae shames, while thes have ene f same and chat they have any other sich diferenes al of which have dnc cawhre For sows sues to have indicate byway of example tha the apc aie tee forms and pars ofthe oa? ate by nar opposite in infant for ns ae ie wl be posible to dade tht thy dono al have hese ast of px fram won sPirnoieoed ofthis type the word na na ici gute evident at in dics yond absence thon they would perfor she sue actions he in the subanos of their 15 jr atte and af means the same st Soul were ning Std undergo de sume afections ie ie vide that chien difer fom cal se tame nen thy ile ; oan red fa thi expe then ao in thee capac ng te at | uthing the mouth tie of Plate wiparte sat | herb oi Claritin of eon of mpacy xpa renee tara a lean pci tie ane t to bared — sodgeanany afte pops aon on his 2 a Te ete je nbbing eas . eae nc ay ht wena ou houses» noc cing that. of Fe ee maing, td thee an appellation peel ing ita dr use thing of ean Lind, bu the pay of ven wes the ri through che organs peoepton on eral thee endian what we would we foal bass nunber of ser nama (Sch of he other! ie pr ammesltnced Pee pees for crample we sy tha le har capacity of ceasing and toning he mouth ofthe soma” of agutiatngHsding wou af ete some other thing ha performs ecko thse setions pan fm the aloe self For it ie healoe that doe here hing andi seca apane of doing hem thai has ben sald ot thet has hee capac ag many athe scons. And wy tha tele incapable oflcasng ad forthng he mouth ofthe somac, of gaining wounds and dng ees ea ove, of drying wer eyes there is no ifeence Beane statement that albe ‘is expuble of deansing’ and the tment dn he a cleansing capacity’ and so wo Yo be cpa of dying” wet eyes mens the me aso have capac of dying ey And inthe moe ney when ns the ratonal muh std nth bain, capt of pring though te organs of perception, apuble of remembering ticobyee st eresption oni on of ing conmequenc and eonfit Ie ching ad tirana and sya, wee not nding anything ere om hac we would if we were o make the summary semen: the ratoal soul has» number af pues perception, memory andeeaing sel cach ofthe the But since we donot merely sata es cpicat a ese SOW crving but al, specially that ict capable of sing easing smal ng tng and touching wes, here pio thar ithas thee peice 359 the epacy of sigh, of bearing of emel of tte, of tush, Thus, oo fk. hac of thse dhe mara, Pao sobre me ern him sider the Frm nthe tet perish deat ing the commen aba pond fm pine Plato abated oie the capac of dese ~ refering tot by his exon: gn the gencral, aa inthe spec ese Forhe sy cha thee 5 ara umber of dees ofthis soul alo ofthe sited ~ and a much fester mer and more varied ofthe tied, which or hic rex son here people cl ibe pre-eminent ember of ch bythe name of eat as ara we, when thy sy that ican ach ess by th Pot another by te Pott = for we all understand that Homer is ment by the Poe and Sappho by the Poss (Soto they we te word bea, i ci") Ande inthe gncral cae of sieht pt of woul which ne ae developed the habit felling the “raona? ix desderatie ~ deserts of rh, scenic knowledge leiing,undesending,mcnory and a ‘um, ofall ne things whet spc i desideratveslcedom,vicory domination, power epetatin spd honour and deiertive ose end of 6M the enjoyment of eveything ete and drink, that which eal by Pla ‘enideraive’ par exelene (Fv the delat soul is noble eo have appetite forte fine things ac the ational Fr, fod and nes he tame principe che pied i notable o fave appt for thee hinge the etal andthe desidersve sou Ison ofthe hee Yor of wud bmortal? Arment in relation to (Arion) coer of abtance, form and lr of Pel ‘anh abt of oul shuld bea mistre 3. Now, char thee ate dhe forms ofthe soul and that this s PMR opinion hs been played in ther writings, to has the ct cated inthe vex one inthe hea and ove inthe bein Homa og, sme pecs hs fo, tat dee sch eof ht meant by ri bea he have sidertive anda reandof ale by er abe vi dink ding neal Traation P73 tha of chs three forms and part of the whole soul the onl im al, Plo is obriouty convinced, but Lm able cher o mantis. 15 ‘amen again him tha is ot ot dati” Lets, en, com sider the forms inthe her and ler, which ae aged by bod ta snd me to perth at death Fach of hc organ has sown specie sbane lee ot yr enquiepresiely what chil, bu tus tmembe, and. ing the commen substance of al di, that his was shown by ur be compos ofr pics, mate nd form. maver bing concep faa ei hs : without quay, but having In el mice of four quale, hone, bei compo ‘ldnes, dryness and wetaex om thee qualities have come ita ng ha the nated re, ion, gl eh, sine gril, fi” and in shor all hoe ting the mate. nee and by Arde “homogencours? § 3 he Form, 0 dha body one musta hin ~ or his flower ~ whether we should under ‘quale hones cal 774K stad orm! hee ro have ban se by he athe ses of shapes athe ba, old yaad we organi bodies" or inthe asse of theater principle of rau bodies 1) Petecption of noc having organ compostion. They must neces Problems for Pla wi inc, Indeed, che activ ‘hl the forms and be mee = ora as Pas cinnpamepes angina the other meters ee the drinking of bec nae 0 io being rn ofthe id under I bois dee, i cw by us all such ie Frandltion ss bodies te composed of mater and form, and cis Arto own bec thatthe nar body come about though the four gules sng a wth form, o tht tse asf the sbstnee of the soul tool bot cold, deyand wee Problems for Plate view of immoral how can something non boll ‘interact with something bodily? Example of way tn whi soe ft by bay, expecially by das (trong bt and co) We have shown thatthe apace ofthe sul depend oni substan since inded the activites do so. Now ifthe rexsoning frm ofthe sol § oral to wil ba parca mise, [aamel) sf the bein and thus alte forms and pare of the soul wl have thei apace dpe ent on the mitre ~ dat ison the substance ofthe sel bus Fin lnmoral as is Pat's vew, be would have done wl his to we sn cplanaton ast why ie separated when the bein prey cole or exert heated, died or moitened~ inthe same way dat he wrote ‘he other mares relevant For dst aes pla, scandng to Ps when he soul is separate fom the ody: Bar wily es aiding of bosd the dinkng of hemlock, ora raging fer causes hs scpartogs | wo have ceri have wanted wo lem rom i ithe wee himself lve Ba 382 he Capacities ofthe but witha non-bodiy subse ale oe ins oo phase on Sai gal form of by. 1 do not diem ay diene nap, ‘of having consred many times an coguled in bodys able toe whole oft, I hae noe bee able mentally to fora er oof any ofthese shins, though I hee ected pean very long tae but I do rele that this is clesly andrea apparent thar the emptying of blood sed he denking of hewio And Til pt he same question again: why doc he soul deity lene the a reed the answer nor hve | dicovered why nh phlegm, and 777K. baltvupofyelow bein thebrin we ae bought tos a oe ment: of when thee ia bil-up of back bile ints maacchch ling things as whole, are cause of lethargy edie inde, why the drinking of menton beings oot supe sae, even being elated othe action which we buen dhe te a tnergos.® The drinking of wine, oo, carly elewsws oral ey and Zeno heme way tha a Wine unl Earn Visi Peta Insp al yaa Aad elewhie hes Macble hings To sigh ie So, to, Theognis sid nat T = ce ‘umber iy now, coe al ovr Jock cook pu the ay when ther ina derange oc td onda body dace oo a ‘sh cg of he Egyptian ranger f which the Poet oye os Wel et seve the wink rot fr we hve no eco it forthe ag ep onerawet wine ith wees yoo — wine which har hy Hum en when they dak th dep ben de no Win uc arom he pea gn Conca lebih alse wit wine und rm Sand sel And elewhet, he as oft Meal hing hc a cae he wi fen To lagh kes shh ou andes ear aloe won ch bo wal So, to, Theos sad Ens inking of win ame but ap * by za 2 779K. by means of the miu in the bod, which i eal brought abou by ively heating drugs immediately cause the death of the tke? And che who are kl bythe drinking of herlo ~ sine the poison af thst dst wl be nceatry for hone wo po hatte soul has ofthe body sine, inded, ches ave the capac ots i sparatio, ecngemén, to tke avay metory sod uadeivanding spparatin cass of clancholy, and to concede that dra wine fics of etn om ou, exported by Pletal Tine ae the capacities ofthe soul by naar such tobe mofo bythe rinrre eave othe hot and the cl, to undergo nothing fom a ‘lative io he dey and wet? Fr fom i me have many eideneso thi too, Bodh in drags and in everday regi. Perhaps I should dca tha all next~ after Bt vig minder othe statement of Play that a teulof the wetnest ofthe body the eal aches ase of forge ‘ha iknow before bing bod ino the body. For this acl he ny in thse very worde™ ~ in he Tima in chat pr of the al in which he aes that de gods crf the buman bing by placing ral ou in a body ele with cb snd ow Is quite een tl fr lsan oblique eftene eo the netnc ofthe eubsanc fant al cc immedi fi fora the wave wes ge Bi K. the wove which pond vl nde, sing of se the, of al thee mes mind at he he sacam of gh ad [andre more ly ea fhe oe adj spon cheb eat tise hee poser tl By the phate when omee upon i i les ed prevouly Tringing heal oe then eceme dey Bi dined wih wetness wil RK thar exe o which ke ‘imal body io ch the bedi of the ean standing bral partake fabrcnce i changed of coun, shot by he boy fom the fd the rho have those randig ot bythe rom at so ta th ‘hata neal a he woe th i oo Aa indeed, immadiacly afr thee words he continue: “but dh, beng se ina grat eives, neler dominated noe were dominate, bus by foes were bth carted about and catia themses™ and gla for asthe wave was great which bore down upon them ted Hawed say them underwent Flom what bell hem broughe aout se ren peas And, inded, going over the account aptin subsequently, he sy: ‘Be suse, then, ofall Uae thing ht bell tthe begining the pl be comes inde atthe fi, when sat ns moral body then, thug thestream of owth and nourishment which comes upon iis ted the revoltions in aes aequie acl and proced wpon tr ome path of he reolusins aust theme tthe pater o the objec tha ome upon tem by nature and aes the Oey andthe Some cnet and ‘us ther poser o become nega = By che phrase when the seam of growth and owthment which somes up it sles he evenly tf to the mets wich ke had being the soa oa sate of undertindig, and wetnes to mindless I then, wens beings about mindlesies and deynesundesendng, then ere diya brings about exteme undersanding, wes ‘nine with wees wl ake avy from pres undestanding to precy that extent 10 which i parakes of wees And indend, which moral animals bodys of such soca abe without any shar of wetness lee the bis ofthe san? here i none which seven Cos to thin Aad too therein body ofa moral animal which isco exe der sanding: ba al pate of wetness ja they alo peak of mindls: nes. When, thn. the ational pr ofthe sul high has» singe fos subsance is changed slong with che mur of the by, what tone 386 the Capes ofthe Sol think a he m foem ofthe wl undergoes? Ist nc evden thas (pred and drderative and minture free bady (heer and lier: eof Andrnios te Pipe ‘hac the more sal ia minute of the bod) Ad nh misrure ofthe heat i the pitted orn ofthe sou the mine lve is wha Plato ells ‘esidestv and is alld ‘nite and egen tive’ by Aros and s for Andronicus he Ppt because he ded to make a declaration on the subeance ofthe soul agate san and withour uncer verbal complitons I approve hn high and aceepe the opinion of dhe man and I Bind im arn many oe ity dependenc onthe minur, dspprveof headin of hasbeen correctly sated by Aristo, io making ine dsneion on he of form, and of compote ofboth he declared tha ou sane ‘hess of Frm then ti not sable os anything other han th 45M nik The Stee Prado thro eae on cas bo oe rch, dina a qa tea china tome ee ed down a plete loss of percepeic q coe etd ci wither Te nbeana of tae neligen bythe Spee tor those india ad Conte of he eid shoal not be pied Silly wih ged the sal tac hae with The Sti iw: seal a breat; quo wheter people can be raed or blamed jor the eementated cherie And the Stoic’ bei comes within the sume chss of subwance’ For tele vew is tha sal iome kindof bent as ali nature Bt dha that of nature is werter and colde, and thar of sul ier and hotce, So tac his breath 0 lsome indo mater prop tthe sul bu th 7 Sher plete ‘perception, when there is a dominance of aie, For chis latter a ‘clement is cold in itself, buc becomes well-mixed from the combination a th the subsance of the soul comes into beng in accordance with certian wil ry cha niher should Chsppus be pred for his nveigence or hos individuals admonished for dee oalness aaa, te context ofthe desdestive [part ofthe sul, tha thoae who ae esrined should not be praised nor thse who are undisplined admonished ad smal with rege fo the action and lfections ofthe spite pt of the oath thse with resale should not be ped, aor hos of bd evans eal and nllgene 85 K. 5. Wl, we shall onder thse mares li ate” for now, I shall what remain to what I proposed tee beating ~ aga adding thie much by way of comment: that ex noc posible wo sw al this in all works, and tha, shee beg tw ssn pilosoply sondage fr divin” ~ for some blee thatthe etitesubwance of the comes ‘ons which we wrote in The ment Asondng we ipo Ro so the pent argument we have tke os an sumption, bor he sarral body at the homogeneous ewe. and lave awn tart substance ofthe soul lt eomposed according othe mite he ne does not make the asmption tha non-bealy without the body as Pato dcr Bat prevented by th fede, and able text ho do make thet asamp itr ofthe body and sone other demonstaon ‘Now b iescems to me pfenble oad te mistres For those who hold that the soul 2 foro he y wil be able sy hae the good balance of th eyes. which makes more iteligent, and inthis spect wl digg with those who bold that se dre the mize be igen i ender he sou lick 791K. 792K. of rain wih regard to pleasures, and a «source of reprotch, com the grounds thatthe bad is commited volun, are not ight the ue of such reproach for because of wided the body snd uneducated nurture and shes at chings which bill anyone against Soy the fc har Plo hime concedes what hasbeen pre ers, some of whi hike tose je quoted eco be fed in the mae soe inher books of his Avice imal belies in son's dpendenc om bods cation (ns ew of ation ofan charter toutes of Boed Bur tat Arse, to, bere tha the capaci of he soul are con sequent on the mixture ofthe mothers blood, em which be ses ht book of Pare of Anima or xp, he write flows Thicker ote blood is more produce of engi, while thinoe, colder blood ls mone productive of percepion and Ine fn thaw amimuls which he the subsea Ai mil difference cbs ogous o blood which {ute han smny blood ‘which have ol, fine ood are more deeming thn the oppo at Best ae those whch hae ow fne, par or both wih ead courage and dscerament sch alm ala god te, Tat iW 0 he upper prs of the body have hie dirence wih eapet so he lowe and also te mae with expect othe female and the ig wih oes the et px ad he wre in work ‘Sone bo hap fncaly dan thw of ie sinter ded to ed opis produce excretions ain witha very lrg number Prodocie of hee Sl toe, and les eset fener inthe blood and Ballsand bars ar spied ous ar pete That oF bull sles mor ly he bose dem f od othe howe ian hich those lowe ge mk. pendent onthe nti” of de wroeinafimation of the sme bel equaly ern vlc Some blood fas in ie what ae known a ibe’, tome dacs ae ha of gale and dee a x ple ofthe lar rp, whic inde nd of blood docs noc aii fr wha ery i the blood I coe, which ie alo why i docs noc rabfy solidify when the weir api i thesldifcationss andthe Shee ae of eth, And it happens tht sme animals have ber inne fealty than hoe ofthis sre oe bea o the clas of he ed bat rather beau of the fineness andthe at hat spur fr what ca has neice of dese quali For those wth ine nd puss wecca ae 2 more rely stimulated faculty of pepton and ts fortis nase that tome of the aon-blode animals hare souls more intlignt tes some ofthe blooded ones, 5 war sated ale alr bs, fac sd the ce Exceed moist animal, neal, ac mote emi things down. Animale wih ths Kind of mite nthe ate mcurly suited oti fection. Sthich i wy ae, che other now bl he Hooded Io pa simp and foe Far cools hears these led animal are moe ani than produce excretions, and inom cae ha u Thre, howeve Yeh very lage numberof thick fibres are more ext in thc moe rodcive of het. Solid bodies when hened ease gear het ther ge one, and fle te something slid and cathy, they boo Ie beri the blood and produce boing in cases of rage Thi wh bulls and boar ae spied and ec thet bine i or ous tha of bulls sles more quickly han all thes, When these Bc ae ———————— 94 K. removed, however, the blood dos ot sli Is just a fone wete to with blo: forte bres ate [madel of eat iFthey ae nov emorch 2 the characters ofthe sal ides, jut as we earth docs under the influence of eld. or when the ysiognomial chapel std bel ad oils when ie tye bot burby tec MA WH nme mater ofthe whole boy: for nourishment ie mate, nd blood ste miles | ad timate nourishment, And sot makes a reat difference wheter it hoe, 1 Th tes as bdow bene character, those which eur Art peri ea mr sna thor wich car a There ae other statements, roo, in his works on animals, and in che books nae cieawe-down era 795K. on Problems” ba it sexed to me sp Ded mee ous © wanscribe them al 19 sion of th pi hemeve a lh remain some of which ne he sol wl is bok ofthe or of Analy kal sigs or this man view rh the shaping ofthe whole el Becomes proper eo the character and capacity of the soul in each ea Fein Binh of blooded animals som "ue ofthis a8 was deced lathe quotations ascribe tora thes fier hi, again BAK eyo, bac the scale So, wo begin wth th the mater be the in ofthe bet slate Ad immatiaay af nels hes protruding or sunken, ate the most sharp sighed Bt the ons betwen het Boer inconsene And suo, adele om ing of te organic pars Boome proper wo the chasis ode elton 95 nl (aconding to Ato msl)" aod in nce wih ht very 5 Point eds, these ae by nature many snd whch late to the characte of the hy and sive ofthe and the mitre ofthe bay And ome of se nomial arate gine indication o the misre dist, colour and alt and alo with ie rein theft book of Hiiy of Animals The puro the fe boos the forchend, medium snd ans ae the bos The, they ny be poring, or sunken, o between the ros ofthese the eke once athe mos sharpsighed i al animals wl the one beancen the mc fas of the best character. The, thy maybe inclined to Mink, or 15, Fated co sare or Bement che god mixta o the seons eens ie» would bring ford the mow dicernng of tex"™ and a flowed 1 is with: "Being och wai and wis, the godess chose te lice ot nd the hotness and waters and nowt sce good and bad ofthe men. We te tlw fis io the toe and alter hi, eae and produces the = ca the other party and ‘Hepa ee ia he prose ot beng : i BK sousichmene has the ‘more undisciplined wel al in the lowed Imporsnce to pace ~ that ito gegrphieal habitation ~ in seaton he chars uals of the woul, wo understanding aed todcramene In 15 he ifh book af the Laws, however, he wae os fllows “This 1s illo and Kleinia, shoud nor espe our atenio, on the wfc: o plac with regu othe engeadehng of 20 Here, agin, he maniey sates tac places engender hence and wore 66M. individuals And again, in what allows continuing the pine Indo sme of them ate weird and shameless case a al ind of baths and tment fom che ath: this har the powermt aso impart bese » things to the ods, bu GME rk. "a his passage he cleaey sacs that “breaths! (tha is, winds) an J ‘rousing (tha she het fiom the sun) ave power nica othe 10

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