Aa¨vq 1

Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek

 G Aa¨v‡q Rvb‡Z cvie

 Pvicv‡ki cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
 gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek I cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
 cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K©
 mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K©
 Dcv`v‡bi wfbœZvq m„ó wfbœ wfbœ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
 Q‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv Avjv`vKiY

 Aa¨vqwUi g~jfve †R‡b wbB

Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki mewKQy wg‡j ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek| cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQy
Dcv`vb cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q, Avevi wKQy Dcv`vb gvbyl ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e wfbœ
wfbœ Dcv`vb wb‡q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek|

Abykxjbxi cÖkœ I DËi

1| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki| 2) †KvbwU gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?

(1) Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki mewKQz wb‡q ˆZwi K. cvwL L. cvnvo
n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i | M. gvQ N. Nievwo
(2) cwi‡ek‡K  cwi‡ek Ges  cwi‡e‡k 3| wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
fvM Kiv hvq|
(1) cwi‡ek Kx e¨vL¨v Ki|
(3) MvQcvjv, cvwL I evqy  cwi‡e‡ki
DËi : Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡ki mewKQy wg‡jB
Dcv`vb|
ˆZwi n‡q‡Q cwi‡ek| †kªwYK‡ÿi †Pqvi,
(4) gvby‡li ˆZwi Dcv`vb wb‡q ˆZwi nq 
†Uwej, eB, LvZv, wkÿK I mncvVx Ges
cwi‡ek|
gv‡Vi MvQcvjv, Miæ-QvMj, gvwU, cvwb,
DËi : (1) cwi‡ek, (2) cÖvK…wZK, gvby‡li evqy, m~‡h©i Av‡jv BZ¨vw` mewKQy
ˆZwi wb‡qB Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek| cwi‡e‡ki GB
(3) cÖvK…wZK, (4) gvby‡li ˆZwi| Dcv`vb¸‡jvi KZ¸‡jv cÖvK…wZKfv‡e ˆZwi
2| mwVK DËiwU‡Z () wUK wPý `vI| Ges KZ¸‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi|
(2) cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cuvPwU Dcv`v‡bi
1) †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb?
bvg †jL|
K. MvQ L. †Uwej
M. Kjg N. †Pqvi
 DËi : cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki cvuPwU
Dcv`vb n‡jvÑ
1. MvQcvjv, 2. evqy, 3. cïcvwL, 4. gvwU, 5.
m~‡h©i Av‡jv|
(3) cÖvK…wZK I gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨
wZbwU cv_©K¨ †jL|
DËi : cÖvK…wZK I gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki
g‡a¨ wZbwU cv_©K¨ n‡jv :
cÖvK…wZK gvby‡li ˆZwi
cwi‡ek cwi‡ek
1) cÖK…wZK 1) gvby‡li ˆZwi
Dcv‡q ˆZwi Dcv`vb wb‡q
Dcv`vb wb‡q gvby‡li ˆZwi
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek MwVZ|
cwi‡ek MwVZ| †hgb Nievwo,
†hgb †Uwej-†Pqvi,
MvQcvjv, b`x- †bŠKv BZ¨vw`
bvjv, BZ¨vw` G G cwi‡e‡ki
cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb|
Dcv`vb|
 2) G cwi‡e‡ki 2) G cwi‡e‡ki AvmevecÎ,
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Dcv`vb¸‡jv MvQ, †bŠKv, cvnvo, Rvgv, we`¨vjq,
Avgv‡`i KZ¸‡jv dzj
Pviw`‡K wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b cÖvK…wZK gvby‡li ˆZwi
A_©vr cÖK… _v‡K| cwi‡e‡ki cwi‡e‡ki
wZi me©Î Dcv`vb Dcv`vb
i‡q‡Q|
3) G cwi‡ek 3) G cwi‡ek DËi :
gvby‡li ˆZwi cÖvK…wZK cÖvK…wZK gvby‡li ˆZwi
cwi‡e‡ki Dci cwi‡e‡ki Dci cwi‡e‡ki cwi‡e‡ki
wbf©ikxj bq| wbf©ikxj| Dcv`vb Dcv`vb
4| ev‡· †jLv Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K wb‡Pi Q‡K b`x, wWg, gvwU, †Pqvi, evwo,
mvRvI| MvQ, cvnvo, dzj AvmevecÎ, †bŠKv,
†Pqvi, b`x, evwo, wWg, gvwU, Rvgv, we`¨vjq
AwZwi³ cÖkœ I DËi

 mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ cwi‡ek

†jL| P) gvby‡li ˆZwi gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek
1) eÜzevÜe I Nievwo cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb| Dcv`vb wb‡q
2) cwi‡ek `yB ai‡bi| M‡o D‡V‡Q
3) gv‡Vi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb eB, LvZv, wkÿK
I mncvVxiv|
4) cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv wZbfv‡M wef³|
5) gvwU I cvwb cÖvK…wZK Dcv`v‡bi
AšÍf©y³|
DËi : 1) m, 2) m, 3) wg, 4) wg, 5) m|
 evg cv‡ki As‡ki mv‡_ Wvb cv‡ki As‡ki
wgj Ki|
K)Pvicv‡ki gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki
mewKQy Dcv`vb
wg‡j
L) m~‡h©i GKwU Dcv`vb n‡jv cvnvo
Av‡jv ce©Z
M) muv‡Kv cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki
Dcv`vb
N)cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki GKwU
cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb
O)MvQcvjv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i
 DËi : 1) cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K Avgiv  fv‡M
K) Pvicv‡ki mewKQy wg‡j ˆZwi n‡q‡Q fvM Ki‡Z cvwi|
Avgv‡`i cwi‡ek| 2) Avgv‡`i Pviw`K  wN‡i †i‡L‡Q|
L) m~‡h©i Av‡jv cwi‡e‡ki GKwU Dcv`vb| 3) cwi‡ek‡K  Abymv‡i Avgiv `yBfv‡M fvM
M) muv‡Kv gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb| Ki‡Z cvwi|
N) cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki GKwU Dcv`vb n‡jv
4) Avgiv †h cwi‡e‡k evm Kwi Zv‡Z  cwi‡ekB
cvnvo-ce©Z|
i‡q‡Q|
O) MvQcvjv cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki
5) gvwU, cvwb I evqy  Dcv‡q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|
Dcv`vb|
6)  wewfbœ Dcv`vb wb‡qB cÖvK…wZK
P) gvby‡li ˆZwi Dcv`vb wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q
cwi‡ek|
gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek|
 k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki| DËi : 1) `yB, 2) bvbv iKg wRwbm, 3)
Dcv`vb, 4) `yB ai‡bi, 5) cÖvK…wZK, 6)
cÖK…wZi|

enywbe©vPwb cÖkœ I DËi

 mvaviY wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡ek
Avgv‡`i cwi‡e‡k hv hv Av‡Q 5. cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv‡K Avgiv Kqfv‡M
1. Pvicv‡ki mewKQy wg‡j ˆZwi n‡q‡Q fvM Ki‡Z cvwi? P
†KvbwU? S K 2 L 3
K MÖvg L kni M 4 N 5
M cÖK…wZ N cwi‡ek 6. cwi‡ek‡K Dcv`vb Abymv‡i Kqfv‡M fvM
2. wb‡Pi †Kvb¸‡jv Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Kiv hvq? R
i‡q‡Q? R K 4 L 3
K Nievwo, MÖn I bÿÎL bxnvwiKv I M 2 N 1
a~g‡KZz 7. cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q ˆZwi nIqv Dcv`vb
M gvwU, cvwb, evqy N wb‡q Kx MwVZ nq?
cïcvwL, AvKvk, m~h© P
K cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek L
3. Avgv‡`i Pviw`K wN‡i †i‡L‡Q †KvbwU?
cÖK…Z cwi‡ek
S
M gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek N
K b`x I mgy`ª
RjR cwi‡ek
L B‡jKwUªK hš¿cvwZ
8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki
M bvbv iK‡gi cvwL
Dcv`vb? R
N bvbv iK‡gi wRwbm K Nievwo L BU
4. †kªwYK‡ÿ wb‡Pi †KvbwU _v‡K? P M MvQcvjv N muv‡Kv
K ˆe`y¨wZK cvLv L †Ljvi DcKiY 9. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki
M gvwU N RvZxq cZvKv Dcv`vb? Q
K gvwU L Kvco-†Pvco
 M evqy N cvwb cïcvwL, BZ¨vw`| G mKj wRwbm wg‡j
10. iv¯ÍvNvU wb‡Pi †Kvb cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb? Kx ˆZwi nq? R

R K MÖvg L kni

K cÖvK…wZK M cwi‡ek N cwievi

L RjR wkLbdj : wewfbœ ai‡bi cwi‡ek m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z

M gvby‡li ˆZwi cvie|
N ebR 13. †Zvgvi †kªwYK‡ÿ i‡q‡Q †Pqvi, †Uwej I
11. gv‡Vi Miæ-QvMj †KvbwUi Dcv`vb? †eÂ| G¸‡jv †Kvb cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb? Q
P K cÖvK…wZK L gvby‡li ˆZwi
K cwi‡e‡ki L evqyi M RjR N ebR

M Rjevqyi N gvwUi 14. gvgvevwo †eov‡Z wM‡q ivwKe

MvQcvjv, cïcvwL †`L‡Z †cj| G¸‡jv †Kvb
 †hvM¨ZvwfwËK
cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb? R
wkLbdj : cwi‡e‡ki MVb m¤ú‡K© aviYv cve|
K gvby‡li ˆZwi
12. Avgv‡`i N‡ii †fZi i‡q‡Q gv-evev, fvB- L RjR
†evb Avi N‡ii evB‡i i‡q‡Q MvQcvjv, M cÖvK…wZK
N ebR

mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi

1. cwi‡ek KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? DËi : cÖvK…wZK Dcv‡q ˆZwi Dcv`vb
DËi : cwi‡ek `yB cÖKvi| h_v : wb‡q †h cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Zv‡K cÖvK…
K) cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek wZK cwi‡ek e‡j| †hgbÑ MvQcvjv, cïcvwL,
L) gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek gvwU, b`x, evqy, cvwb BZ¨vw` Dcv`vb
wb‡q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek|
2. Avgv‡`i N‡ii evB‡ii cwi‡e‡ki wZbwU
Dcv`v‡bi bvg †jL|
DËi : Avgv‡`i N‡ii evB‡ii cwi‡e‡ki
wZbwU Dcv`vb n‡jvÑ
K) b`xbvjv
L)MvQcvjv I
M) gvwU
3. cwi‡e‡ki †kªwYweb¨vm cÖevn wP‡Îi
gva¨‡g †`LvI|
DËi : cwi‡e‡ki †kªwYweb¨vm cÖevn wP‡Îi
gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jvÑ
cw
i ‡ek

cÖ
vK…
w
ZK gvby‡l i ˆZw
i
4. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 KvVv‡gve× cÖkœ I DËi
Ü mvaviY cÿvšÍ‡i N‡ii evB‡ii MvQcvjv cÖvK…
wZKfv‡e ˆZwi| ZvB N‡ii †fZ‡ii I evB‡ii
1. cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kqfv‡M wef³ I Kx
wRwbm¸‡jv‡Z wfbœZv cwijwÿZ nq|
Kx? D³ Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx ai‡bi cwi‡ek
m„wó K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| N‡ii evB‡ii Dcv`vb MvQcvjv †_‡K N‡ii
DËi : cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb¸‡jv `yB fv‡M wef³| †fZ‡ii †h 5wU wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv hvq
h_v : 1. cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb| †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
2. gvby‡li ˆZwi Dcv`vb| eyK †mjd, LvU, `iRv, Rvbvjv I †Wªwms
1. cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb †hgb- MvQcvjv, †Uwej|
m~‡h©i Av‡jv, gvwU, cvwb, evqy 3. cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb Kx?
BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| `vjvb‡KvVv gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb
2. gvby‡li ˆZwi Dcv`vb †hgbÑ †Pqvi, †Kb? cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb †_‡K
†Uwej, Nievwo, iv¯ÍvNvU, evm BZ¨vw` †Zvgvi cvIqv 3wU DcKvwiZv †jL|
gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i| DËi : †h cwi‡e‡k Dcv`vb¸‡jv cÖvK…
Ü †hvM¨ZvwfwËK wZKfv‡e ˆZwi n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K cÖvK…
wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb e‡j|
2. †Zvgv‡`i N‡ii †fZ‡i i‡q‡Q wewfbœ
†h cwi‡e‡k Dcv`vb¸‡jv gvby‡li ˆZwi
AvmevecÎ Ges evB‡i i‡q‡Q wewfbœ iK‡gi
†m¸‡jv‡K gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb
MvQcvjv| G‡ÿ‡Î cwi‡ek Kx? N‡ii †fZi I
e‡j| evwj, BU, cv_i e¨envi K‡i gvbyl
evwn‡ii wRwbm¸‡jv g‡a¨ wfbœZv †Kb?
`vjvb‡KvVv ˆZwi K‡i| ZvB `vjvb‡KvVv
N‡ii evB‡ii Dcv`vb †_‡K ˆZwiK…Z N‡ii
gvby‡li ˆZwi cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb
†fZ‡ii cvuPwU Dcv`v‡bi bvg †jL|
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki Dcv`vb MvQcvjv,
DËi : Avgvi Pvicv‡ki A_©vr N‡ii †fZ‡ii I
b`xbvjv, cïcvwL BZ¨vw` †_‡K cvIqv
evB‡ii mewKQy wb‡q ˆZwi n‡q‡Q cwi‡ek|
wZbwU DcKvwiZv n‡jvÑ
N‡ii †fZ‡ii I evB‡ii wRwbm¸‡jvi DrcwË
1) MvQcvjv †_‡K djg~j I KvV cvB|
wfbœfv‡e nIqvq G‡`i g‡a¨ wfbœZv nq| N‡ii
2) b`xbvjv †_‡K gvQ cvB|
†fZ‡ii wewfbœ AvmevecÎ gvby‡li ˆZwi|
3) cïcvwL †_‡K †MvkZ I wWg cvB|

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