UNIT-T Port 0 ; AV—+0 om making these chaoges M ov du Feet = ae a “ a —=0 Fext = <2 (Mv) — u | —@ Yhe above eapation eepremes —Newston 7 Jaw for o augti or voriable mon . etrom “he above eqn Ftv) tS not capal to the external force, unl the eed ors comes out wt th jer velox ty Fan @ con be vonithn on Fee = om Vy y din cl ce ae oH a =fet + WY | — The lost term + O ts the vot of Fock a0 example of systiro of vortable mars. ta wohreh liquid (on >Roeket consisk of combuston — charnber. Solid fuel is burnt. > lthen the uel ts burt, the prmure Kevide the chornber rises vey high > Due to high premure from “the tatl of the rocket. > The expelied ae” the foro of @ je exhaust veloctty . > Gruequenty, the rock rushes io a direction eat) ~The wotion of 0 rok can be explained on the basic of Newton’ third Jouy of motion and the —rementumm principle. | Lek (a vanish) be che mam of rocket iocding fa | ond tw? th veosty at an iodant of, time “E?. = UE io, a Hine interval dé , on omourt of wom dia efecled Yrom the rotkel . Then “the velour of gps je votll be v-u. deck Vu = Vet te, Wd = V+GCu) = v-u imide the chamber ,“the hob pe owe expelled votth very hab opposite to the divection |° Fig: Motion of ao Kocket >The vole of charge of romestiam of jet oa ouk of “Ihe vocket = Yate of change of tram of rocket due to excope of bot “po weloxthy o a (v-u) Thom the Newtons third law of motion , this is equal to the Truk on the sede tending ty wore it io the forward ctietion, Thrust aching op the rok to move tt forward “then from ‘the eapscition oh wotion of sylim of variable mam, Force acting on the vockek to forword direction . raultont = Fe +7 —+ © Fevt = Inletght of the vorkel = ~My They Fruutten = (-u) ot Ma => 6) Civ Newloo's IM Joys of wotion , the owe on “the Pocket d Fe ace!) = (0) then fom car @ 6 © ai a he de yay) © yu) Sg dv dM iS sau aM ey cee oo = Vv att » ie 4 1 W. au Ce re) —© dt On reer iti ‘Ine equation es am aes, 34 | “at M aut ieee Gv = dA - au | e tent time Auth | On Dt the obove eqn , with tm the Vent >} We let 5S va V0 Os bo WieV and mays Of the rocket = 4 mee Jas ee ie “dm ip dt y a chats d Wexel) Beat beeen a” —Mo ic Nm 4 Toye (ha) al pean) The above eqj:ation ques the veloetty of vorke: af ony tostant of time ‘t?. au a ie > then V=Vo+uU Joye (Moja) Ww Fother i othe rec \o Ci tthe vocket {5 zero , then ond som of the votkk = Yo (No stoi velosty)Muttestage Yocket : @ he tito of rocket dhpends on the corvervalion op nite Priodple acvovdieg to shich , the hot jel emerging fo the backward divection makes ‘the votket to move fo ‘the porword divection » The velodty acqpived i this by rocke i approxtmatily 4 br/sec- To obtain higher veloctti multistage rockeka twokaining bueo ov Wore Feat of all the frat atoge of votkt is used to acquire the ottelration of he voekel. blhen ‘the pd to the fist stage is exhaustid ,it detaches foro rotkek and drops otf and “the Neloeke CTHUMSAeME become the trctiad veloc of the Aetord ttoge. Now the send «t is oui “The rocket rae accelration and AK veloc 00 foeveating , The vemoval of surplut mans (0 the frat stage helps io ottsinion, tthe hater pace then the ful is Ae tn cetord loge 15) exhausted, tL 15 debuched ftom the rocket . —Tihen the third ate of voce stands ob totth the required velocity (lex than escape velouty)@ me Parameter: ® > Omid a positive por ticle , ke a profes (on o- posbicle Spproathing a. manive ouckus ‘N’ of an atom. SDue to columbie force of regulon the ponbicle Jotiows o Hyperbolic path 5 toith Nudux “A” ax th focus. >To the absence oh the repulsive pre , the porticle would have ottowed ‘oe ue Vice path Ac. Pa perpendicular distance hore ees, ‘NP othe onal divection AC of he posticle. She distance “hna=p’. ts called “Impock Parameter”. Undiviatid peth ctual path hus nga Porarneten {s defined a the “closeb'st dlixtance belween nucleus ond posilidiy chovged porte progetd tounds Tier SHNSEalD Sno. ay * Collision perarnetey tsSeatterieg Goss sections ) > WWhen a= particles are projedted toto a Thin melo) pal. they one. efletid x) scattered to different divec tions Shek NY be the tocidunt totintty (No.of trudink particles Sey Per unit time a unit surface ploces perpendiculoy to the direction By frpegstion) > Sopqose ‘AN? be tre noof particla scatterer per wort hime toto Bol'd orale ‘dw? docated i ‘the divection © ond J with respect te the borebosde ra divedion. > The volio dN), ¢ called * Scattertog Cross - Section” a JS “ a Sruident beam waa N Scatterer i Thus The at crogs- Section in a given direction tS defioed or ‘be “vobio of number of Scattering particle isto 4olid Coe dus fer unit time to the tnetdant ioonity”“Kiuthefora’s Settee g: > Gmider a nucleus of char 2 ze (% is dtomic number) Stotionauy, at o.poiot ‘N’ and an of- pasticle of mam 10, change "Ze ond velocity Vo opreaching clay the divection ‘AO . NS oh o-pastice moves it comes closer to the ae and experience a vepslaive force then velocity of c-porticles dicreoses. > Jo the absence of repulsion stk would have pottowed oO skroight path but due to colsombse force of repulsion stk follows a Pinos path ‘ACB’ with nuckur a6 ch jreus- The Vee Ao and Po ore Ye asyroptotes of the iv fereala and present. approxi mati the initial and feo! dive ctions of | ot-ponticle, eStats jew Ac , the velocity of a- pow ticle ao on decreart ushtle 0 the part cB ih ea goes 0” iocieakin fll tk veoches ch original —veloutty Vo. > tp ts the perpendicular distance from the nucleus N” fp the cara divection off a-powticle.> Fiat consider the core ip oe vohen a-porticle és dive cled Yi Bie e pot60 Skraight towards Yhe uct So that 9-0. Here the o-pontich worl be Atopped at 0 distonee ‘bh ftom the nucluu due to repute force ond trace th Teverse path te, g =180. The distance “b is Known ox the distance of closeat approach, “Ths distance ts called os "impact porarretar ” The ar of Seales is ‘¢ @ | “he value of b can be detained by toosidining he prinerple sh wonservation of enegy.. “he dichostotic potential at a distance 'b) due to nucleo | So, the potential way of a-partide of o distance ‘b’ tor “the nucleus + _ Ze Meh. Ozer UR fob Nana tntheve “The particle ts Toren Early stop ped at a distance ae Le Rm” 15 conered toto potential erage oe Eres 20> = Vy — eo URE b ee). —° R&omvo ] > det Wis the veloatty of o-particle ot the verly ¢. The } Velocity ‘VY’ can be found py lous of comervation of argular wementum. Ate Ags) Anplar momentum of 0 -porticle = mow x Velocity x distance = mop. =At eae momentum of ol particle ® mxvxNe = wd So, top = mvd Rm Noe Now ‘the value of P con be coleulated of Conservation of Sie — © by opplyeg the lous Xinetic enua of a porticle ee coon Xinetic enw Potential ot of & Potential a a” i 3 of d- porticle Ratan Ge, © particle ce Ce MV” = @ Yo" +0 > MVo 4 (rou ty ov? ZexJe UREA ae ~~ UREod of a porticle ok A =O fe o=porticle jes oway prove nuclus, \ y ze” = amv + — ce Untod rei) . wu 4 2, wKeod dividing ‘Ww’ on both sider , we qe > feo" “0 s Here buy = y ov" ah Ze 59) KR &dm a+ 2c KE,dO Be por fo Vph = Vi+ Zee Paes Kéodin |vee Vor ~ beet [fom coo o] @ vee Vp? eq] es) fom qo @ 4 @) Nee NG [i- 2] ee = Ww’ fir 4) ew fl p =o f- Ml Fa] 0 The value of ‘d’ con be pond as follows row te property of hyperbola s eceenbicity of a a Croxal Langth ON = e (0c) = asee fr 0c=a] om tigre > to BMNO , Sing = MN ON MN. ON = cl: Sind P CosecO So, Sue = P Cosco @ = P Cosecd Sao Bee ee) cose Sio® ) An O> Peto Aoom gute Nc = No+0C e aclo+a = a [Secor]® d= ptoto [i+ seo} + p [cot Ox Ct O + Seco] Cele See Bind | CFO. » P+O+0 = 180° > p +20 = 180 00 - 1-¢ eee og B34 Bosee a) L : © +. Too (Pa) = eer —@ The oboe eqpation — deberenines Scatlenirg Co P which éroalley the value of P 4» qrabr orl) be “the ae at: g [a other qpranti tier seroains sore],