SYSTEMATICS

PREP SESSION- 1
SYSTEMATICS PREP SESSION

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE- DEFINITION

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is generally known as the

synthesis and analysis of computational agents that act
intelligently. An agent is a machine or any computational
entity that can act.
• “The science and engineering of making intelligent
machines”
• The Turing Test
WHAT GOES INTO
CREATING AN AI SYSTEM

• To make a machine think and behave like

a human requires contribution from one
or multiple of the mentioned disciplines.
MAJOR RESEARCH AREAS IN AI

Expert
Systems

Natural
Machine
Language
Learning

AI
Processing

Fuzzy
Robotics
Logic
DEFINITIONS

• Expert Systems: Computer applications developed to solve complex problems in a

particular domain. Eg: Mycin developed by Stanford University
• Natural Language Processing: AI’s method of communicating using a natural language
such as English.
Eg:Virtual Assistants/Chatbots
• Fuzzy Logic Systems: Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLS) produce acceptable but definite output in
response to incomplete, ambiguous, distorted, or inaccurate (fuzzy) input.
Eg: Handwritten symbol recognition
• Robotics: domain in artificial intelligence that deals with the study of creating intelligent and
efficient robots.
Eg: Robots used in Manufacturing
 AI AND ML

• Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the
ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

• Experience(E)
• Task(T)
• Performance(P)

• A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some task T and
some performance measure P, if its performance on T, as measured by P, improves with
experience E.

• Example: Checkers playing program

• E = 10000s games
• T is playing checkers
• P if you win or not
 • Supervised learning
• Teach the program how to do something, then let
it use its new found knowledge to do it

• Unsupervised learning
• Let the program learn how to do something, and
use this to determine structure and patterns in
TYPES OF data
LEARNING
• Reinforcement learning
ALGORITHMS
• Programs learning based on positive or
negative feedback
• Recommender systems
SUPERVISED LEARNING

• Probably the most common problem type of

machine learning
• Labelled Data
• Two types:
• Regression Problem – Output is continuous Data.
Linear and Logistic Regression
• Classification Problem – Output is in the form of
Discrete Classes.
KNN, Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes
UNSUPERVISED
LEARNING
• In unsupervised learning, we
get unlabeled data
• Just told - here is a data set, can
you structure it

• One way of doing this would be to

cluster data into to groups
• This is a clustering algorithm
Eg: K-Means
REINFORCEMENT Employed to find he best possible solution/path in a
LEARNING particular situation
• Input: The input should be an initial state from which
the model will start
• Output: There are many possible outputs as there are
a variety of solutions to a particular problem
• Training: The training is based upon the input, The
model will return a state and the user will decide to
reward or punish the model based on its output.
• The model learns through trial-and-error
• The best solution is decided based on the maximum
reward.
Eg: Chess playing program
RECOMMENDER
SYSTEMS
• Many technology companies find
recommender systems to be
absolutely key
• Think E-commerce websites like
Amazon,YouTube, Netflix
• They try to recommend new
content based on previous
purchases and views
NEURAL NETWORKS

• Neural networks (NNs) attempts

to create machines which replicate
the brain's functionality
• Multilayered
• Used in cases when n(independent
variables) is large
• For example, if 100 features are used
to predict the price of a house, a
simple logistic regression will not be
appropriate
USE OF ML
IN BUSINESS
SCENARIOS
OTHER RESOURCES TO READ

• Andrew NG – Machine Learning Notes

• Mckinsey Insights
• AnalyticsIndia Magazine