A ACCELERATION Change in velocity divided by time interval
over which it occurred. B BLACK HOLE is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light can escape from it. C CENTRIPETAL It always points toward the center of ACCELERATION rotation. It is perpendicular to the linear velocity and has the magnitude. D DISTANCE Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion. E EARTH The third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. F FORCE agent that results in accelerating or deforming an object. G GRAVITY is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. The force of gravity keeps all of the planets in orbit around the sun. H HISTORY The history of science is the study of the development of science, including both the natural and social sciences. I INVERSE The force of gravity follows an inverse square law. J K KEPLER’S LAWS Three laws of motion of bodies attracted together by the gravitational force. L LAW OF UNIVERSAL Gravitational force between two objects GRAVITAION depends directly on the product of their masses and inversely on the square of their separation. M MOTION change with time of the position or orientation of a body. N NEWTON’S LAW Laws relating force and acceleration. OF MOTION O ORBIT is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. P PLANET an object that: orbits the sun. has sufficient mass to be round, or nearly round. is not a satellite (moon) of another object. Q QUADRANT an instrument, usually containing a graduated arc of 90°, used in astronomy, navigation, etc., for measuring altitudes. R RADIUS a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. S STATIONARY MASS remains stationary, and a mass in motion at a constant speed and in a constant direction maintains that state of motion, unless acted on by an outside force. T TANGENT the ratio of the opposite side and the adjacent side. U UNIVERSE is all of space and time and their contents, G E S Y N C H R O N O U S S T E L L I E