jun 14 04 11:18 BAUER Romania +4 G21 320 /e1y ree aE Ea ROMANIA SRL STRABAG PSEA Ronen SR Ce INTRARENES(RE__602| _ Reg.J 40/695/1999, CUI R 11469720 pata__lot 0! ane Popa Soare 16, sector 2 023983 Bucharest Tel: (+4021) 326 0781 TelFax: (+4 021) 320 7218 e-mail: bauer@fx.ro waww.bauer.ro TELEFAX no: 1314 To STRABAG AG Fax: (+4 0252) 326 666 Attn Mr. Marcel DRACEA — Deputy Project Manager From: BAUER ROMANIA ee cee eee iisoeoees esueecisee ae Date: 14.07.2004 Total number of pages including cover sheet: 19 if improperly received please call: (+4 021) 326 0781 Subject: Consolidarea terenului prin metoda CSV-Procedura de executie Stimate Domn, Referitor la proiect 4 R 13-R17 —"DN6 Strehaia-Tumu Severin Rehabilitation’, va transmitem alaturat procedura de executie pentru Consolidarea terenului cu tehnologia CSV. / Cu multumiti, Tudgr Saidel ce. OY ee iY (ht Ce 7% lob.sur 1404 11:18a BAUER Romania 44 021 320 ye18 tae CSV Soil Stabilisation Method Statement jp asas Contents 4. Application Principle _Method of installation SEE 2. Material 3. Working platform 4, Spacing of columns, treatment depths, diameters 5. Plant / Equipment 6. Quality control during installation 7. Quality control - Testing [BAUER Romania SRL Ro-023905 Bucharest «Tel 024 92007 61gut 14 04 airisa BAUER Romania +4 O21 320 7218 p-3 CSV Soil Stabilisat Method Statement 4," +2. Application CSV ground treatment is suitable for all kinds of soft to very soft predominantly cohesive and/or organic soils, reinforcing the soil and Increasing its stiffness, noticeably decreasing settlements and creating uniform load-settlement behaviour. Principle CSV columns consist of a compacted dry mix (usually sand and cement) Which 16 installed whilst displacing thé Surrounding Soil. The poré Water” released by the compressed soil seaps back into the column and causes the sand-cement mix to cure, creating slender concrete/mortar columns of relatively high stiffness, which are capable of concentrating the loads and | transferring them to a strata with higher bearing capacity.In special site condition when free water level is to depth, the curing process is realized within cappilarity and by attracting the pore water.In this case the curing time is deppending of the soil permeability and natural moisture. The spacing of the columns is adapted to the loading and usually varies between 0.45 and 1.20 m. Method of installation A continuous flight auger of small diameter with a pressurizing bit at the bottom is attached to the leader of the hydraulic rig and runs through @ hopper filled with dry mix into the ground until refusal (endbearing columns) or a predetermined depth (floating foundations) is achieved The auger rotates against drilling direction during pushdown and withdrawal, not extracting soil but constantly feeding material into the ground and displacing the surrounding soil laterally. The dry granular inal runs along the flights of the auger to the tip of the pressurizing it. The pile dimension and also the material consumption at pushdown and withdrawal is adjusted to the soil conditions by tuning of the production parameters (rotation and pushdown- or withdrawal-speed) | [BAUER Romania SRL- Ro.023955 Bucharest - Tel 077 326 07 81jul 14 04 11:188 BAUER Romania +4 021 320 7218 p.4 CSV - Soil Stabilisation Method Statement The pressurizing bit compacts the dry mix material all the way to the surface until refusal. The column cures extracting moisture from the surrounding ground as well as the pore water released by displacement and compaction of the adjacent soil. Up to 16° degree inclined columns are also possible with the same technology. [BAUER Romana SRL. Ro-023663 Bucharest Tel 021 92607 BYJul 14 04 1isiga BAUER Romania +4 081 seu rei ee CSV Soil Stabilisation Method Statement Material The ,recipe" for the dry mix is adjusted to the nature and the chemistry of | the existing ground for each site individually. For Balota’s soil conditions the recomanded mix of 20% OPC,75% Sand and 5% lime is suitable. Further options comprise the use of fly ash, cement with high sulphate resistance , as well as changing the cement / aggregate ratio. The material will be prepared in special mixing plants where is posible to dry the sand and mix it in the recommended ratio with the cement and other suitable dry materials , as in Balota case , the lime. The material will be delivered on site’s deposit with trucks . [BAUER Romania SRL - Ro-023983 Bucharest. Tel 021 32607 61Jur 14 04 11:108 BAUER Romania +4 021 320 7218 p.6 CSV Soil Stabilisation Method Statement Working platform Where the equipment are not working directly on the road , a working platform consists of 250 — 300 mm of granular material, grain size 0/50 mm, slightly compacted to safely accomodate the working load of the rig (approx. 30 ~ 40 tonnes, depending on rig used) are asked. The granular layer is usually underlayn by one layer of geotextile, which increase the working platform bearing capacity. The-excess material remaining..on. top. of the working. platform. at each column position after installation is rolled into the granular platform, so that the additional compaction and ouring of the rolled in dry mix additionally strengthens the granular layer and improves the load transfer capacity between the columns. Depending on the displacement behaviour of the soil and the spacing of the columns, a slight soil heave can occur in the range of 50 — 100 mm It is recommended to perform necessary excavations of trenches or ditches immediately after installation, before the columns are already partly or fully cured to prevent breaking or shearing. Ata later stage, after curing of the columns, excavations should be performed carofully around the columns and the columns cut off by hand. : All direct tracking of lorries and heavy duty site plant on the column heads should be avoided. Installation of load transfer platforms, embankments etc. should always be performed ahead of the machines in order to avoid damage to the columns [BAUER Romania SRL - Ro.023983 Buahareat- Tel 027 326 07 81Jul 14 04 11:19 BAUER Romania +4 021 320 7218 pe? CSV Soil Stabilisation Method Statement EGS 4. Spacing of the columns, treatment depths, diameters The maximum recomanded treatment depth at this stage is 17 m. Each individual column is driven to refusal , so that the resistance of the compressed soil underneath the toe of the column is uniform. If there is no soil strata with sufficient bearing capacity within 11 m, the CSV stabilization can be performed as a floating foundation where the columns utilize skin friction rather than end bearing. The column length is then predetermined bythe design. ~~~ : The diameter of the columns depends on the stiffness of the treated soil and the installation parameters. Under normal conditions diameters of 130 ~ 210 mm are achieved, although for design purposes only the minimum diameter is taken into account. The minimum spacing of the columns is 3 x diam. (> 450 mm). Closer spacings are to be avoided due to the risk of shearing of freshly installed adjacent columns by soil displacement. The maximum spacing is 8 x diam (~ 1.2 m) and should not be exceeded in order to ensure the load transfer between the columns, and a group effect, rather than creating a bearing behaviour similar to that of a single pile-The group bearing capacities for the threated soil is usualy up to the total of the bearing capacities of the individualy piles. 5. Plant / Equipment At the present stage, BAUER uses two types of hydraulic units for the | installation of CSV columns: * Hydraulic carriers (excavator base machines, e.g. Liebherr 922) with attached leaders. Working weight approx. 30 tonnes. Achievable drilling depth 11 m. Inclined columns up to 16° are possible. Daily production rates 230 ~ 280 m. L [BAUER Romania SRL - RO-023989 Bucharest - Tel 071 32607 63+4 G21 a2u seis ree CSV Soil Stabilisation : 4 Method Statement EAUER + Hydraulic drilling rigs (e.g Zeppelin ZR 26). Working weight approx. 40 tonnes. Achievable drilling depth 10 m. Daily productions 300 — 400 m. The material hopper is attached directly to the leader or mast of the machine. Transport between the storage silos and the hopper is performed with a side tipping loader. All CSV units are equiped with adjustable rotation speed, push down and pull out speed. The installed computer system (MEDEF) records the | Gforementioned parameters as well as the crowd pressure (resistance of ) the soil against push down) related to the installation depth for each individual column. | 6. Quality Control during installation Prior to comencing production, so called calibration columns are installed on each site to further adjust the installation parameters predetermined by the ground conditions on site. [BADER Romar SRL - Re-023989 Bucharest Tel 021 32607 81jut 14.04 11:19a BAUER Romania +4 Uz1 seu fee ae CSV Soil Stabilisation ab Method Statement EES [BAUER Romania SRL - Ro-025909 Buchavoet- Tel 921 826 07 Bt parameters is computerized and allows individual print outs column performed. ere tee 7 ie BAUER SPEZALTIPOAU Herstellungsprotokell CSV ue [EAS 4 Gaustel er LCE-NES, Los 6, £170 We pottraggeder: DBAS 7600190 Geet: Liepneer 2 7O7EAFP. Spur ae Fike ~[Goratets i BSCE a: ter Bo a Geravefanren: Keldanar Brant Eevropesregee MW: 167560 0, Zugaberatertal: C5V-Woreel foe Ciafanecie’s.. 8-38 2 Saulesiange 235 Genichtseet O89 teerstre 8:00 0 “nfanrbeginn... 18.418 Finfanrende,...; 1eL'G? | Neratenesratbeoie was Hea: ersteTiungszett..: 00:02:25 cere Sais tes erent tnint Bodenprotiy genes Aufschiubanrung fr ‘enerkungen ‘aferagaeber The documentation(german or englisch version) of the column installation for each The diameter of the pressurizing bit (130 mm) and the flights of the auger (100 mm), especially in the bottom section are checked regularly. The maximum allowable reduction in diameter due to wear and tear is 10 mm.44 uel SZU fete peew 14 04 11:19 BAUER Romania CSV Soil Stabilisation as Method Statement 7. Quality Control - Testing Where the ground conditions allow it, calibration columns or test columns can be excavated to confirm the achieved diameters. Load tests can be performed: - as plate load tests on road underlayer - orgroup tests / zone tests in case of stiffs foundations | Load tests can usually be performed not earlier than 28 day after dry mix | curing . Load tests (external bearing capacity) are usually carried out to 1,5 times working load. The load is applied in increments, monitoring of the settlement over time for at least 30 minutes at each increment, as well as the residual settlements after finishing the test. Further to initial load tests carried out at the beginning of each site, | additional test column should be installed and tested for every 500 working columns. [BAUER Remaria SRL - Ro-029963 Bucharest. Tel 021 926007 81jul 14 04 11:20a BAUER Romania Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV | Procedura tehnica de executie 4 = Aus Cuprins 1s Domeniul de aplicare 1.4. Principiul metodei 12 Metoda de realizare 2. Amestecul de material uscat 3. Platforma de lucru 4. Distanta intre piloti, adincimi, diametre 5. Echipamente 6. Controlul de calitate in timpul executiei 7. Controlul de calitate - Teste BAUER Romania SRL- RO-D230E5 Bucharest Tel 021 52807 BTjut 14 04 11:208 BAUER Romania 44.021 seu vei ue | Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV Procedura tehnica de executie 4. Domeniu de aplicare Metoda CSV este aplicabila pentru consolidarea tuturor tipurilor de terenuri slabe si foarte slabe, predominant coezive si/sau terenut! organice, consolidand solul si crescandu compactitatea, reducane in med considerabil tasarile neuniforme, rezultatul fiind comportare incarcare-tasare uniforma 4.1 Principiu ~-pilotir CSV se teslizeaza prin Introducéréa Th teren a unui aimestec uscat | (de obicei nisip cu ciment si eventual var stins) folosind un sneck continuu care dizioca si compacteaza terenul din jurul pilotului executat. Apa | freatica si apa din porii terenului compactat realizeaza hidratarea | amestecului nisip-ciment, realizandu-se astfel piloti_svelti puternic compactati, capabili sa preia incarcarile, sa le concentreze in corpul pilotului si sa le transmita unui strat inferior cu o capacitate portanta mai mare, In situatia in care nivelul panzei freatice se afla la o adencime mare hidratarea amestecului se realizeaza prin capilaritate si prin atrageree apei din pori. Timpul in care se hidrateaza amestecul este in functie de umiditatea si permeabilitatea terenului. Distanta dintre piloti depinde de incarcari si de obicei variaza intre 0,45 s: 1,20 m. 1.2. Metoda de realizare Un sneck continu de un diametru mic cu un varf de indesare la partes inferioara trece printr-un container cu material de adaos uscat realizand transportul amestecului uscat in teren pana la refuz (piloti purtator! pe varf) sau pana la o adancime predeterminata (piloti flotanti). Rotatia sneckului este inversa directiei de forare atat in timpul inaintarii cat si al retragerii aducand constant aport de material, compactand lateral terenul din jurul pilotului, Amestecul uscat este transportat de aripile sneckului pana la capatul varfului de indesare. Astfel paman‘ul in care se realizeaza pilotii CSV nu este evacuat si nici amestecat cu materialul adaugat, ci compactat in lateral si sub varful sneckului ‘SAUER Reman SRL» Ro-O23GGS Basharejut 1404 11:20a BAUER Romania #4 O21 3eU fete pee Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV ne Procedura tehnica de executie BAUER Diametrul pilotului si implicit si consumul de material este determinat de conditiile litologice prin variatia parametrilor de executie (viteza de rotatie, viteza de inaintare si viteza de retragere). Varful de presare compacteaza amestecul uscat pe toata durata retrager!) din teren pana la refuz. Pilotul dreneaza umiditatea din teren precum si apa din pori eliberata prin inlocuirea si indesarea terenului adiacent. Tehnologia CSV ofera si posibilitatea realizarii de piloti inclinati cu o inclinare de pana la 16° fara modificarea acesteia. [BAUER Romania SAL - Ro-O239HR Bucharem- Tal O71 S28 07 BT 3Jul 14 04 11:208 BAUER Romania +4 O21 320 7218 ene Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV Procedura tehnica de executie Pre | 2. Amestecul de material uscat | | Reteta amestecului uscat este functie de natura si compozitia chimica a terenului pentru fiecare litologie in parte. Amestecul recomandat conditiilor de teren pe DN 6 Balota este 75% nisip (0 - 4mm), 20% ciment (CEM Il 32,5) si 5% var stins Ca(OH). - Alte optiuni pot fi folosirea cenusilor de termocentrala, a cimenturilor cu rezistenta sulfatica sau schimbarea raportului ciment/nisip. Amestecul va fi realizat in statii speciale acolo unde este posibila uscarea nisipului si amestecarea lui in proportiile recomandate cu cimentul si alte materiale uscate ,in cazul proiectului de la Balota cu var.Materialul va fi livrat la depozitul din santier cu camionul. BAUER Romans SAL - Ro-O23085 Bucharest Tal OFT 32607 BT agul 14 04 1i:2ia BAUER Romania ra vee vee Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV av LS Procedura tehnica de executie fefAbiaisg 3. Platforma de lucru ‘colo unde nu se lucreaza de pe suprafata unui drum existent este necesara realizarea unei platforme de lucru care consta diintr-un strat de balast de 250 — 300 mm grosime, marimea granulei 0/50 mm, usor compactat pentru a rezista groutatii utilajului (aproximativ 30-40 de tone, jn functie de utilajul folosit). Stratul de balast poate fi precedat de un geotextil pentru imbunatatirea portantei acestuia. In acest cazexcesul de traterial ramas pe platforma de lucru in dreptul fiecarul pilot este ____ compactat impreuna ou stratul superficial de balast, crescand rezistenta | Zeestuia si imbunatatind capacitatea de transfer a terenulul consolidat intre piloti. In functie de starea de compactare a terenului si distanta dintre piloti, in | timpul executie! pilotului, la suprafata terenului poate aparea 0 umflare | locala a solului de 50 ~ 100 mm intre coloane. Se recomanda ca efectuarea lucrarilor de curatare si nivelare necesare sa se realizeze imediat dupa executie, inainte ca pilotii sa fie partial sau complet maturati pentru a preveni ruperea saul spargerea acestora. Intr- tn stadiu ulterior, dupa maturare, excavatiile in jurul pilotilor ar trebui sa.) se faca cu grija, iar acestia ar trebui curatati manual. Accesul direct al utilajelor grele peste capetele pilotilor se recomanda a fi | evitat. instalarea unor platforme de incarcare sau transfer ar trebul | efectuate inaintea executiei pilotilor pentru a evita deteriorarea acestora [BAUER Ramona SRL - Ro-G23088 Bucharest Tal O21 925.07 BT ?Jul 14 04 11:212 BAUER Romania 44 UZ1 seu reso pes Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV ag Procedura tehnica de executie Pitta 4. Distanta intre piloti, adincimi, diametre In prezent adancimea maxima recomandata cu aceasta tehnologie este de 17m Fiecare pilot individual este realizat prin aport fortat de material pane la refus, astfel incat dupa executarea pilotilor rezistenta la compresiune a terenului la cota talpii pilotului este uniforma. Daca nu exista straturi cu suficienta capacitate portanta pana la adancimea de 17 m, pilotii pot fi realizati ca si piloti flotanti utiizand preponderent frecares laterala. In acest caz lungimea pilotului este determinate prin Diametrul pilotilor depinde de gradul de compactare al solului si de parametrii de executie al pilotilor. In conditi’ normale, pot fi realizate Fiametre intre 130 — 210 mm. In calcul pentru capacitatea portanta interna a pilotului se considera diametrul minim (130 mm). Distanta minima dintre piloti este de 3 ori diametrul pilotului. (> 450 mm) Amplasarea mai apropiata nu este recomandata pentru a se evita riscul de forfecare prin dizlocarea solului la executarea pilotilor adiacenti Distanta maxima recomandata este de 8 ori diametrul (~1,2 m) care nu trebuie depasita pentru a se asigura transferul incarcarilor in zona adiacenta pilotilor si deasemenea efectul de grup. Efectul de grup creste portanta terenului consolidat peste suma portantelor pilotilor individual 5. Echipamente In prezent, BAUER Romania foloseste doua tipuri de unitati hidraulice pentru executarea pilotilor CSV: + Utilaje hidraulice (masina de baza excavator, de ex. Liebherr 922) cu lafette. Greutate aprox. 30 tone. Adancimea maxima de patrundere 41m. Pilotii pot fi realizati si inclinati cu pana la maxim 16°. Productivitatea zilnica este de 230 — 280 m SAUER Roane SRL - Ro-GZGHS Buchaven Tec O21 22007 BI %gul 14 04 11:2la BAUER Romania Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV Procedura tehnica de executie eyvta. * Utilaje hidraulice (e.g Zeppelin ZR 26) cu mast. Greutate aprox. 40 fone. Adancime de patrundere 10 m. Productivitatea zilnica este de 300 — 400 m. Silozul de material este atasat direct lafettei sau mastului utilajului Incarcarea silozului se realizeaza cu ajutorul unui incarcator frontal. Toate utilajele CSV au 0 viteza de rotatie, de inaintare si de retragere reglabile. Sistemul computerizat instalat (MEDEF) inregistreaza parametri mai sus mentionati cat si reactiunea (rezistenta solului le apasare) corelata cu adancimea de executie pentru fiecare pilot 6. Controlul de calitate in timpul executiei Inaintea inceperii executiei, asa numitii piloti de calibrare sunt executall in amplasament pentru a predetermina parametrii de executie in conformitate cu conditiile geotehnice din amplasament. BAUER Romania SRL Ro-OD3GHS Bachar Tal 077 50507 8gud 14 04 11:22a BAUER Romania Procedura tehnica de executie Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV a Eris Parametrii de executie a pilotilor sunt inregistrati automat in fise tehnica computerizata pentru fiecare pilot executat. Aceasta se tipareste pentru fiecare pilot CSV si in limba engleza Herstellungsprotokoll CSV GmbH ‘BAUER SPEZIALTIEFEAU 2 LEEW BausteTe; IGE-NIS.Los B.EL7O WF Auftreggeber: 08-A6 puttrags-We.: 417400190 el ] Saulen-N 17076EP. yeteete Sau OF Gh 00 { 7 so cs Rehrecerdurchn ss 0) tm) Geratefehrer: Waldenar Brana Bonronsacepee GW: 147,60 8 max. anprebal 26) Bor Tugabenaterial: CS¥-Hortel fax, Etat sia Shaten ange 838 Bewicht .....3 OK Tberstrecke a:50 m Finfanrbesinn 16418 Finjonrence,....) 18415 HeReRERebsgina: 1624187 PeremeaRaas! | 18:85:22 Herstellungszeit,.; 00:02:13 thera bein Bodenprofil gewa® Aufschiuabonrung Nr aT | Bemerkungen Polier/Bauleiter: ‘auferaggeber: [BAUER Romaria SAL Ro-O23803 Bucharost- Tel OAT S2007 BTgil 14 04 11:22a BAUER Romania Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia cSV Procedura tehnica de executie BAUER Diametrul varfului de presare (130 mm) si al aripilor sneckului sunt controlate cu regularitate, in special in sectiunea inferioara. Reducerea razei maxim admisa, datorata abraziunil, este de 10 mm. [SAUER Romania SRL - RoO20883 ychareat- Tal 07 52807 Btgui 14 04 11:22 BAUER Romanza Consolidarea Terenului prin Tehnologia CSV Procedura tehnica de executie rN y Controlul de calitate - Teste Acolo unde conditiile de teren permit, pilotii de calibrare sau piloti realizati suplimentar, care nu intra in reteaua de coloane din lucrare pot fi dezveliti pentru compararea diametrelor propuse cu cele efectiv realizate. Se pot efectua urmatoarele teste de incarcare statica: « Teste de incarcare cu placa pe patul drumului pe teren consolidat cu piloti CSV * Teste de incarcare pe grupuri/zone de piloti in cazul fundatiilor rigide asezate pe piloti CSV Testele de incarcare pot fi efectuate cel mai devreme la 28 de zile de la hidratarea amestecului. Testele de incarcare (capacitate portanta) sunt efectuate de obicei la o incarcare egala cu de 1,5 ori capacitatea de calcul. Incarcarea este aplicata in trepte, monitorizand tasarile pentru timp | de cel putin 30 de minute la fiecare treapta, cat si tasarea reziduala la | finalizarea testului. Pentru fiecare amplasament in parte un pilot aditional de test ar trebul executat la fiecare 500 de piloti de lucru. ‘SAUER Rawanda SAL RoO23589 Bucharemt- Tel 021 82007 8 10