University of Santo Tomas

Faculty of Civil Law

Mercantile Law Department
A.Y. 2019- 2020

COMMERCIAL LAW REVIEW I

I. LETTERS OF CREDIT

1. Definition and Nature of Letter of Credit

- A Financial devise to facilitate commercial transaction

● Bank of America, NT & SA v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105395,

10 December 1993, (228 SCRA 357)

● Prudential Bank and Trust Company v. Intermediate Appellate Court,

G.R. No. 74886, 08 December 1992, (216 SCRA 257)

- Security arrangements but not accessory contracts

● Feati Bank & Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94209,
30 April 1991, (196 SCRA 576)

● Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System v. Daway,

G.R. No. 160732, 21 June 2004, (432 SCRA 559)

- A composite of at least three distinct but intertwined relationships, each

relationship being concretized in a contract:

● Reliance Commodities, Inc. v. Daewoo Industrial Co., Ltd.,

G.R. No. L-100831, 17 December 1993, (228 SCRA 545)

- Not a negotiable instrument

● Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117913, 01 February 2002,

(375 SCRA 579)

- Different from trust receipt

● Bank of Commerce v. Serrano, G.R. No. 151895, 16 February 2005,

(451 SCRA 484)
2. Laws governing letter of credit

- Applicability of usage and customs apply in commercial transactions in

the absence of any particular provision in the Code of Commerce

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. De Reny Fabric Industries, Inc.,

G.R. No. L-24821, 16 October 1970, (35 SCRA 253)

3. Kinds of letter of credit

a. Commercial and stand by letter of credit

● Insular Bank of Asia & America v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. 74834,
17 November 1988, (167 SCRA 450)

● Bank of America NT &SA v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105395,

10 December 1993,(228 SCRA 357)

● Transfield Philippines, Inc. v. Luzon Hydro Corp., G.R. No. 146717,

22 November 2004, (443 SCRA 307)

b. Irrevocable and revocable letter of credit

● Philippine Virginia Tobacco Administration v. De Los Angeles,

G.R. No. L-27829, 19 August 1988, (164 SCRA 543)

c. Confirmed and unconfirmed letter of credit

● Feati Bank & Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94209,
30 April 1991, (196 SCRA 576)

4. Parties to a Letter of Credit

a. Rights and Obligations of Parties

a. Applicant

b. Issuing Bank

c. Beneficiary

● Reliance Commodities, Inc. v. Daewoo Industrial Co., Ltd., G.R. No. L-100831,
17 December 1993, (228 SCRA 545)

● Prudential Bank & Trust Company v. Intermediate Appellate Court,

G.R. No. 74886, 08 December 1992, (216 SCRA 257)
2
 ● Rodzssen Supply Company, Inc. v. Far East Bank and Trust Company,
G.R. No. 109087, 09 May 2001, (357 SCRA 618)

● Abad v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-42735, 22 January 1990, (181 SCRA 191)

● Consolidated Bank & Trust Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 114286,
19 April 2001, (356 SCRA 671)

● Marphil Export v. Allied Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 187922,

21 September 2016, (806 SCRA 627)

d. Advising/Notifying Bank

e. Paying Bank

f. Confirming Bank

● Bank of America v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 105395,

10 December 1993, (228 SCRA 357)

● Feati Bank & Trust Company v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 94209, 30 April 1991, (196 SCRA 576)

5. Basic Principles of Letter of Credit

a. Doctrine of Independence

i. In commercial letter of credit

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. De Reny Fabric Industries, Inc.,

G.R. No. L-24821, 16 October 1970, (35 SCRA 253)

● Land Bank of the Philippines v. Monet’s Export and

Manufacturing Corp., G.R. No. 161865, 10 March 2005,
(453 SCRA 173)

● Philippine National Bank v. San Miguel Corporation,

G.R. No. 186063, 15 January 2014 (713 SCRA 586)

● The Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation v. National Steel

Corporation, G.R. No. 183486, 24 February 2016 (784 SCRA 659)

ii. In Standby letter of credit

3
 ● Insular Bank of Asia & America v. Intermediate Appellate Court,
G.R. No. 74834, 17 November 1988, (167 SCRA 450)

b. Fraud Exception Principle

● Transfield Philippines, Inc. v. Luzon Hydro Corp., G.R. No. 146717,

22 November 2004, (443 SCRA 307)

c. Doctrine of Strict Compliance

● Feati Bank & Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94209,
30 April 1991, (196 SCRA 576)

II. BANKING LAWS

A. The New Central Bank Act (R.A. No. 7653)

1. Responsibility and Primary Objective

● Perez v. Monetary Board, G.R. No. L-23307, 30 June 1967, (20 SCRA 592)

● Koruga v. Arcenas, Jr., G.R. Nos. 168332, 169053, 19 June 2009, (590 SCRA 49)

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank,

G.R. Nos. 178696, 192607, 30 July 2018, (_SCRA_)

2. Monetary Board - Powers and Functions

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Monetary Board v. Antonio-Valenzuela,

G.R. No. 184778, 02 October 2009, (602 SCRA 698)

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Legaspi, G.R. No. 205966, 02 March 2016,

(785 SCRA 466)

● Federal Express Corporation v. Antonino, G.R. No. 199455, 27 June 2018,

(868 SCRA 450)

3. How the BSP handles Banks in Distress

a. Conservatorship

● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-45710,

03 October 1985, (139 SCRA 46)

4
 ● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88353,
08 May 1992, (208 SCRA 652)

● First Philippine International Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115849,

24 January 1996, (252 SCRA 259)

b. Closure

● Spouses Lipana v. Development Bank of Rizal, G.R. No. L- 73884,

24 September 1987, (154 SCRA 257)

● Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Monetary Board, Central

Bank of the Philippines, G.R. Nos. 70054, 68878, 77255-58,
11 December 1991, (204 SCRA 767)

● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88353,

92943, 08 May 1992, (208 SCRA 652)

● Rural Bank of San Miguel Inc. v. Monetary Board, Central Bank of the
Philippines, G.R. No. 150886, 16 February 2007, (516 SCRA 154)

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Monetary Board v. Antonio-Valenzuela,

G.R. No. 184778, 02 October 2009, (602 SCRA 698)

● Spouses Poon v. Prime Savings Bank, G.R. No. 183794, 13 June 2016,
(793 SCRA 141)

c. Receivership

● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-45710,

03 October 1985, (139 SCRA 46)

● Spouses Lipana v. Development Bank of Rizal, G.R. No. L- 73884,

24 September 1987, (154 SCRA 257)

● Abacus Real Estate Development Center, Inc. v.

Manila Banking Corporation, G.R. No. 162270, 06 April 2005,
(455 SCRA 97)

● Vivas, v. Monetary Board of the Central Bank of the Philippines,

G.R. No. 191424, 07 August 2013, (703 SCRA 290)

● Spouses Chugani v. Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation,

G.R. No. 230037, 19 March 2018 (859 SCRA 488)

5
 ● So v. Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, G.R. No. 230020,
19 March 2018, (859 SCRA 478)

● Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Bangko Sentral ng

Pilipinas, G.R. No. 200678, 04 June 2018, (864 SCRA 32)

d. Liquidation

● Manalo v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141297, 08 October 2001,

(366 SCRA 752)

● Rural Bank of Sta. Catalina Inc. v. Land Bank of the Philippines,

G.R. No. 148019, 26 July 2004, (435 SCRA 183)

● Miranda v. Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, G.R. No. 169334,

08 September 2006, (501 SCRA 288)

● In Re : Petition for Assistance in the Liquidation in the Rural Bank of

Bokod Benguet v. Bureau of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 158261,
18 December 2006, (511 SCRA 123)

● Cu v. Small Business Guarantee and Finance Corporation,

G.R. No. 211222, 07 August 2017, (834 SCRA 515)

● Apex Bancrights Holdings, Inc. et. al. v. Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas,

G.R. No. 214866, 2 October 2017, (841 SCRA 436)

● Yuseco v. PDIC, as statutory liquidator of Unitrust Bank,

G.R. No. 217890, 28 September 2016

III. Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits (R.A. No. 1405, as amended)

1. Purpose

● BSB Group, Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, 16 February 2010, (612 SCRA 596)

2. Prohibited Acts

● Oñate v. Abrogar, G.R. Nos. 107303, 107491, 23 February 1995, (230 SCRA 181)

● Philippine Commercial International Bank v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 97785, 29 March 1996, (255 SCRA 299)

● Union Bank of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 134699,

23 December 1999, (321 SCRA 563)

6
3. Deposits Covered

● Intengan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128996, 15 February 2002,

(377 SCRA 63)

● Ejercito v. Sandiganbayan (Special Division), G.R. Nos. 157294-95,

30 November 2006, (509 SCRA 190)

● Sibayan v. Alda, G.R. No. 233395, 17 January 2018, (852 SCRA 102)

4. Exceptions

● Mellon Bank, N.A. v. Magsino, G.R. No. 71479, 18 October 1990,

(190 SCRA 633)

● Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 84526, 28 January 1991, (193 SCRA 452)

● Van Twest v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 106253, 10 February 1994

(230 SCRA 42)

● Marquez v. Desierto, G.R. No. 135882, 27 June 2001, (359 SCRA 772); Office
of the Ombudsman v. Ibay, G. R. No. 137538, 03 September 2001,
(364 SCRA 281)

● China Bank Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 140687,

18 December 2006, (511 SCRA 110)

● BSB Group, Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 168644, 16 February 2010, (612 SCRA 596)

● Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation v. Hi-Tri Development

Corporation, G.R. No. 192413, 13 June 2012, (672 SCRA 514)

● Doña Adela Export International Inc., v. Trade and Investment

Development Corporation, G.R. No. 201931, 11 February 2015
(750 SCRA 429)

5. Garnishment of Deposits, Including Foreign Deposits

● Philippine Commercial & Industrial Bank v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 84526, 28 January 1991, (193 SCRA 452)

7
 ● Salvacion v. Central Bank of the Philippines, G.R. No. 94723, 21 August 1997,
(278 SCRA 27)

● Government Service Insurance System v. 15​th Division of the Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 189206, 8 June 2011, (651 SCRA 661)

IV. General Banking Law of 2000 (R.A. No. 8791)

1. Definition and Classification of Banks

● Republic v. Security Credit and Acceptance Corporation, G.R. No. L-20583,

23 January 1967, (19 SCRA 58)

2. Distinction of Banks from Quasi-Banks and Trust Entities

● Bañas v. Asia Pacific Finance Corporation, G.R. No. 128703,

18 October 2000, (343 SCRA 527)

● First Planters Pawnshop, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R.

No. 174134, 30 July 2008 (560 SCRA 606)

3. Bank Powers and Liabilities

a. Corporate Powers

● Register of Deeds of Manila v. China Banking Corporation,

G.R. No. L-11964, 28 April 1962, (04 SCRA 1146)

● Banco de Oro-EPCI, Inc. v. JAPRL Development Corporation,

G.R. No. 179901, 14 April 2008, (551 SCRA 342)

b. Banking and Incidental Powers

● Spouses Panlilio v. Citibank, N.A., G.R. No. 156335, 28 November 2007,

(539 SCRA 69)

● White Marketing Development Corporation v. Grandwood Furniture &

Woodwork, Inc. G.R. No. 222407, 23 November 2016 (810 SCRA 409)

4. Diligence Required of Banks—Relevant Jurisprudence

● Simex International (Manila) Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88013,

19 March 1990, (183 SCRA 360)

● Sia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102970, 13 May 1993, (222 SCRA 24)

8
  
● Reyes v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118492, 15 August 2001, (363 SCRA 51)

● Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 138569, 11 September 2003, (410 SCRA 562)

● Central Bank of the Philippines v. Citytrust Banking Corporation,

G.R. No. 141835, 04 February 2009, (578 SCRA 27)

● Bank of America, NT and SA v. Associated Citizens Bank, G.R. No. 141018,

21 May 2009 (588 SCRA 51)

● Philippine National Bank v. Raymundo, G.R. No. 208672,

07 December 2016, (813 SCRA 326)

● Spouses Carbonell v. Metropolitan Bank And Trust Company,

G.R. No. 178467, 26 April 2017, (845 SCRA 01)

● Citystate Savings Bank v. Tobias, G.R. No. 227990, 07 March 2018,

(858 SCRA 63)

● Ong Bun v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 212362, 14 March 2018,
(589 SCRA 80)

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Spouses. Quiaoit, G.R. No. 199562,

16 January 2019, (_ SCRA _)

● Allied Banking Corporation v. Sia, G.R. No. 195341, 28 August 2019,

(_ SCRA _)

● Philippine National Bank v. Giron-Roque, G.R. No. 240311,

18 September 2019 (_ SCRA _)

5. Nature of Bank Funds and Bank Deposits

● Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 138569, 11 September 2003, (410 SCRA 562)

● Suan v. Gonzales, A.C. No. 6377, 12 March 2007, (518 SCRA 82)

6. Stipulation on Interests

● Fidelity Savings and Mortgage Bank v. Cenzon, G.R. No. 46208,

05 April 1990, (184 SCRA 141)

9
 ● Macalinao v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 175490,
17 September 2009, (600 SCRA 67)

● Advocates for Truth in Lending Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,

Monetary Board, G.R. No. 192986, 15 January 2013, (688 SCRA 530)

● Villa Crista Monte Realty & Development Corporation v.

Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 208336, 21 November 2018 (_ SCRA_)

● Rey v. Anson, G.R. No. 211206, 07 November 2018 (_SCRA_)

7. Grant of Loans and Security Requirements

a. Single Borrower’s Limit

b. Restrictions on Bank Exposure to DOSRI (Directors, Officers,

Stockholders and their Related Interests

● Go v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, G.R. No. 178429, 23 October 2009,

(604 SCRA 322)

● Soriano v. People, G.R. No. 162336, 01 February 2010 (611 SCRA 191)

● Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 166859, 169203, 180702,

12 April 2011 (648 SCRA 47)

V. Anti-Money Laundering Act (R.A. No. 9160, as amended)

a. Unlawful Activities or Predicate Crimes

● Republic v. Glasgow Credit and Collection Services, Inc.,

G.R. No. 170281, 18 January 2008 (542 SCRA 95)

● Republic v. Eugenio, Jr., G.R. No. 174629, 14 February 2008,

(545 SCRA 384)

● Republic v. Bolante, G.R. No. 186717, 17 April 2017, (822 SCRA 526)

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Gidwani, G.R. No. 234616,

20 June 2018, (867 SCRA 581)

b. Freezing of Monetary Instrument or Property

● Republic v. Cabrini Green & Ross, Inc., G.R. No. 154522, 05 May 2006,
(489 SCRA 644)

10
 ● Ligot v. Republic, G.R. No. 176944, 06 March 2013, (692 SCRA 509)

● Subido Pagente Certeza Mendoza and Binay Law Offices v. Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 216914, 06 December 2016, (813 SCRA 1)

VI. PHILIPPINE DEPOSIT INSURANCE SYSTEM, R.A. NO. 3591, AS AMENDED,

INCLUDING R.A. NO. 10846

1. Maximum Deposit Insurance Coverage

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Commission on Audit,

G.R. No. 171548, 22 February 2008, (540 Phil 79)

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Philippine Countryside

Rural Bank Inc., G.R. No. 176438, 24 January 2011, (640 SCRA 322)

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 118917, 22 December 1997, (283 SCRA 462)

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 126911, 30 April 2003 (402 SCRA 194)

2. Meaning of Insured Deposit

3. Splitting of Deposits

VII. TRUTH IN LENDING ACT

● New Sampaguita Builders Construction Inc. (NSBCI) v. Philippine

National Bank, G.R. No. 148753, 30 July 2004, (435 SCRA 565)

● The Consolidated Bank and Trust Corporation (Solidbank) v. Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 91494, 14 July 1995, (246 SCRA 193)

● Development Bank of the Philippines v. Arcilla, Jr., G.R. No. 161397,

30 June 2005 (462 SCRA 599)

11
 ● United Coconut Planters Bank v. Beluso G.R. No. 159912,
17 August 2007 (530 SCRA 567)

● Spouses Silos v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 181045, 02 July 2014,
(728 SCRA 617)

VIII. REVISED CORPORATION CODE

A. Corporation

1. Definition

2. Attributes of the Corporation

 
● Boyer-Roxas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 100866, 14 July 1992,
(211 SCRA 470)

● Stockholders of F. Guanzon and Sons, Inc. v. Register of Deeds of Manila,

G.R. No. L-18216, 20 October 1962, (6 SCRA 373)

● Yamamoto v. Nishino Leather Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 150283,

16 April 2008, (551 SCRA 447)

● Bataan Shipyard & Engineering Co., Inc. (​BASECO) v. P ​ residential

Commission on Good Government ​(PCGG), G.R. No. 75885, En Banc, 27
May 1987, (150 SCRA 181)

B. Classes of Corporations

● Pioneer Surety & Insurance Corporation v. Court of Appeal, G.R. No. 84197,
28 July 1989, (175 SCRA 668)

● Bases Conversion and Development Authority v. Commissioner of Internal

Revenue, G.R. No. 205925, 20 June 2018, (867 SCRA 179)

1. Corporation by estoppel

● Lozano v. De los Santos, G.R. No. 125221, 19 June 1997, (274 SCRA 452)

●  Lim Tong Lim v. Philippine Fishing Gear Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 136448,
03 November 1999, (317 SCRA 728)

12
 ● People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 117010, 18 April 1997, (271 SCRA 621)

● Macasaet v. Co, G.R. No. 156759, 05 June 2013, (697 SCRA 187)

a. De facto corporation

● Sawadjaan v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 141735, 08 June 2005,

(459 SCRA 516)

● Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Fatima v. Alzona, G.R. No. 224307,

06 August 2018, (_ SCRA _)

b. Government corporation

● Baluyot v. Holganza, G.R. No. 136374, 09 February 2000, (325 SCRA 248)

● Feliciano v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 147402, 14 January 2004,

(419 SCRA 363)

● Boy Scouts of the Philippines v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 177131,

07 June 2011, (651 SCRA 146)

● Liban v. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, 18 January 2011, (639 SCRA 709)

● Torres v. De Leon, G.R. No. 199440, 18 January 2016, (781 SCRA 110)

● Carandang v. Desierto, G.R. No. 148076, 12 January 2011, (639 SCRA 293)

● Manila International Airport Authority v. City of Pasay, G.R. No. 163072,

02 April 2009, (583 SCRA 234)

● Funa v. Manila Economic and Cultural Office, G.R. No. 193462,

04 February 2014, (715 SCRA 247)

● Philippine National Construction Corporation v. Pabion, G.R. No. 131715,

08 December 1999, (320 SCRA 188)

C. Nationality of Corporations

1. Place of Incorporation Test

2. Control Test

● Roy III v. Herbosa, G.R. No. 207246, 22 November 2016, (810 SCRA 1)

13
 ● Unchuan v. Lozada, G.R. No. 172671, 16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 421)

● Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 28 June 2011, (652 SCRA 690)

● Heirs of Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 09 October 2012, (682 SCRA 397)

3. Grandfather Rule

● Narra Nickel Mining and Development Corporation v. Redmont

Consolidated Mines Corporation, G.R. No. 195580, 21 April 2014,
(722 SCRA 382)

● Narra Nickel Mining and Development Corporation v. Redmont

Consolidated Mines Corporation, G.R. No. 195580, 28 January 2015,
(748 SCRA 455)

D. Corporate Juridical Personality

1. Doctrine of Separate Juridical Personality

● Philippine National Bank v. Ritratto Group, Inc., G.R. No. 142616, 31 July 2001,
(362 SCRA 216)

● Silverio, Jr. v. Filipino Business Consultants, Inc., G.R. No. 143312, 12

August 2005, (466 SCRA 584)

● Spouses Nisce v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 167434, 19 February 2007
(516 SCRA 231)

● Yamamoto v. Nishino Leather Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 150283, 16 April 2008,
(551 SCRA 447)

● Delima v. Gois, G.R. No. 178352, 17 June 2008, (554 SCRA 731)

● Philippine National Bank v. Aznar, G.R. No. 171805, 30 May 2011, (649
SCRA 214)

● Stronghold Insurance Company, Inc. v. Cuenca, et. al., G.R. No. 173297,
06 March 2013, (692 SCRA 473)

● Philippine National Bank (Asset Privatization Trust/Development Bank of

the Philippines) v. Hydro Resources Contractors Corporation,
G.R. Nos. 167530, 167561, 167603, 13 March 2013 (693 SCRA 294)

14
 ● Abbot Laboratories, Philippines v. Alcaraz​, G.R. No. 192571, 23 July 2013,
(701 SCRA 682)

● Lanuza Jr. v. BF Corporation, G.R. No. 174938, 01 October 2014, (737

SCRA 275)

● FVR Skills and Services Exponents, Inc., (Skillex) v. Seva, G.R. No. 200857,
22 October 2014, (739 SCRA 271)

● Stradcom Corporation v. Orpilla, G.R. No. 206800, 02 July 2018,

(869 SCRA 250)

● EPG Construction Company, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 103372,

22 June 1992, (210 SCRA 230)

● Mactan Rock Industries, Inc. v. Germo, G.R. No. 228799, 10 January 2018,
(850 SCRA 532)

● Saw v. CA, G.R. No. 90580, 08 April 1991, (195 SCRA 740)

a. Liability for Torts and Crimes

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-27155,

18 May 1978, (83 SCRA 237)

● Naguiat v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 116123,

13 March 1997 (269 SCRA 564)

● Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119858, 29 April 2003, (401 SCRA 648)

● Ching v. Secretary of Justice, G. R. No. 164317, 06 February 2006,

(481 SCRA 609)

● Metroheights Subdivision Homeowners Association, Inc. v. CMS

Construction and Development Corp., G.R. No. 209359, 17 October 2018,
(_ SCRA _)

b. Recovery of Moral Damages

● Filipinas Broadcasting Network, Inc., v. Ago Medical and Educational

Center, G.R. No. 141994, 17 January 2005, (448 SCRA 413)

15
 ● Manila Electric Company v. T.E.A.M. Electronics Corporation,
G.R. No. 131723, 13 December 2007, (540 SCRA 62)

● Crystal v. Bank of the Philippine Islands, G.R. No. 172428,

28 November 2008, (572 SCRA 697)

2. Doctrine of Piercing the Corporate Veil

● Kukan International Corporation v. Reyes, G.R. No. 182729,

29 September 2010, (631 SCRA 596)

● Gold Line Tours, Inc. v. Heirs of Lacsa, G.R. No. 159108, 18 June 2012,
(673 SCRA 399)

● Pacific Rehouse Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 199687, 201537,

24 March 2014, (719 SCRA 665)

● Livesey v. Binswanger Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 177493, 19 March 2014,

(719 SCRA 433)

● Prince Transport, Inc. v. Garcia, G.R. No. 167291, 12 January 2011,

(639 SCRA 312)

● Lee v. Samahang Manggagawa ng Super Lamination (SMSLS-NAFLU-KMU),

G.R. No. 193816, 21 November 2016, (809 SCRA 313)

● Mayor v. Tiu, G.R. No. 203770, 23 November 2016, (810 SCRA 256)

● Dimson v. Chua, G.R. No. 192318, 05 December 2016, (811 SCRA 630)

● ABS CBN Broadcasting Corporation v. Honorato Hilario, G.R. No. 193136,

10 July 2019 (_ SCRA _)

● Leo R. Rosales, et. al. v. New A.N.J.H. Enterprises & N.H. Oil Mill
Corporation, et. al., G.R. No. 203355, 18 August 2015, (767 SCRA 149)

a. Grounds for Application of Doctrine

● Villa Rey Transit, Inc. v. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-23893, 29 October 1968,
(25 SCRA 845)

● A.C. Ransom Labor Union-CCLU v. National Labor Relations Commission,

G.R. No. L-69494, 29 May 1987, (150 SCRA 498)

16
 ● Times Transportation Company, I​nc​. v. Sotelo, G.R. No. 163786,
16 February 2005, (451 SCRA 587)

● Dutch Movers, Inc. v. Lequin, G.R. No. 210032, 25 April 2017,

(824 SCRA 310)

● Zambrano v. Philippine Carpet Manufacturing Corporation, G.R. No. 224099,

21 June 2017, (828 SCRA 144)

● Maricalum Mining Corporation v. Florentino, G.R. No. 221813, 23 July 2018,

(872 SCRA 572)

● Vicmar Development Corporation v. Elarcosa, G.R. No. 202215, 09 December

2015, (777 scra 238)

● Sta. Monica Industrial and Development Corporation v.

The Department of Agrarian Reform Regional Director for Region III, et. al.,
G.R. No. 164846, 18 June 2008, (55 SCRA 97)

b. Test in Determining Applicability

● Heirs of Uy v. International Exchange Bank, G.R. No. 166282-83,

13 February 2013, (690 SCRA 519)

● Bank of Commerce v. Marilyn P. Nite, G.R. No. 211535, 22 July 2015, (763
SCRA 620)

● Philippine National Bank (Asset Privatization Trust/Development Bank of

the Philippines) v. Hydro Resources Contractors Corporation,
G.R. Nos. 167530, 167561, 167603, 13 March 2013, (693 SCRA 294)

● California Manufacturing Company, Inc. v. Advanced Technology System,

Inc., G.R. No. 202454, 25 April 2017, (824 SCRA 295)

● Virata v. Wee, G.R. Nos. 220926, 221058, 221109, 221135, 221218, 5 July 2017,
(830 SCRA 271)

● International Academy of Management and Economics v. Litton and

Company Inc., G.R. No. 191525, 13 December 2017, (848 SCRA 437)

E. Incorporation and Organization

17
 ● Samahang Optometrists sa Pilipinas, Ilocos Sur-Abra Chapter v. Acebedo
 International Corporation, G.R. No. 117097, 21 March 1997, (270 SCRA 298)

2. Number and Qualifications of Incorporators

● Nautica Canning Corporation, v. Yumul, G.R. N​o​. 164588​,

19 October 2005, (​473 SCRA 415)

3. Corporate Name — Limitations on Use of Corporate Name

● Republic Planters Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93073,

21 December 1992 (216 SCRA 738)

● Government Service Insurance System Family Bank - Thrift Bank v. BPI

Family Bank, G.R. No. 175278, 23 September 2015. (771 SCRA 284)

● P.C. Javier & Sons, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 129552, 29 June 2005,
(462 SCRA 36)

● Zuellig Freight and Cargo Systems v​. ​National Labor Relations

Commission, G.R. No. 157900, 22 July 2013, (701 SCRA 561)

● Indian Chamber of Commerce Phils., Inc. v. Filipino Indian Chamber of

Commerce in the Philippines, Inc. G.R. No. 184008, 03 August 2016,
(799 SCRA 278)

● De La Salle Montessori International of Malolos, Inc. v. De La Salle

Brothers, Inc., G.R. No. 205548, 07 February 2018, (855 SCRA 38)

4. Corporate Term

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig,

G.R. No. 63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294)

5. Minimum Capital Stock and Subscription Requirements

● MSCI-NACUSIP Local Chapter v. National Wages and Productivity

Commission, G.R. No. 125198, 03 March 1997, (269 SCRA 173)

6​. Articles of Incorporation

a. Nature and Function of Articles

b. Contents

18
 ● Hyatt Elevators and Escalators Corporation v. Goldstar Elevators, Phils.
Inc., G.R. No. 161026, 24 October 2005, (473 SCRA 705)

c. Amendment

● Company Registration and Monitoring Department v. Ching Bee Trading

Corporation, G.R. No. 205921, 12 November 2014

7. Registration and Issuance of Certificate of Incorporation

8. Adoption of By-Laws

a. Nature and Functions of By-Laws

● Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911,

11 April 1979, (89 SCRA 336)

● Citibank, N.A. v. Chua, G.R. No. 102300, 17 March 1993, (220 SCRA 75)

● Loyola Grand Villas Homeowners (South) Association, Inc. v. Court of

Appeals, G.R. No. 117188, 07 August 1997, (276 SCRA 681)

● Forest Hills Golf and Country Club Inc. v. Gardpro Inc., G.R. No. 164686,
22 October 2014, (​739 SCRA 28)

b. Requisites of Valid By-Laws

● Grace Christian High School v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108905,

23 October 1997, (281 SCRA 133)

● Welbit Construction Corporation v. Heirs of Cresencio De Castro, G.R.

No. 210286, 23 July 2018, (872 SCRA 451)

c. Binding Effects

● China Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117604,

26 March 1997, (270 SCRA 503)

●  PMI Colleges v​ . National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 121466,

15 August 1997, (277 SCRA 462)

● Ching v. Quezon City Sports Club, Inc., G.R. No. 200150,

07 November 2016, (807 SCRA 46)

d. Amendment or Revision
19
F. Corporate Powers

1. General Powers, Theory of General Capacity

● National Power Corporation v. Vera, G.R. No. 83558, 27 February 1989,

(170 SCRA 721)

● Teresa Electric & Power, Co., Inc. v. Public Service Commission, G.R. No.
L-21804, 25 September 1967, (21 SCRA 198)

● Mid-Pasig Land and Development Corporation v. Tablante,

G.R. No. 162924, 04 February 2010, (611 SCRA 528)

2. Specific Powers, Theory of Specific Capacity

a. Power to Extend or Shorten Corporate Term

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig,

G.R. No. 63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294)

b. Power to Increase or Decrease Capital Stock or Incur, Create, Increase

Bonded Indebtedness

● Benito v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-56655, 25

July 1983, (123 SCRA 722)

c. Power to Deny Pre-Emptive Rights

d. Power to Sell or Dispose of Corporate Assets

● Peña v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91478, 07 February 1991,

(193 SCRA 717)

● Esguerra v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119310, 03 February 1997,

(267 SCRA 380)

● Islamic Directorate of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117897,

14 May 1997, (272 SCRA 454)

● Y-I Leisure Philippines, Inc. v. Yu, G.R. No. 207161, 08 September 2015,
(770 SCRA 56)

● China Banking Corporation v. Dyne-Sem Electronics Corporation,

G.R. No. 149237, 11 July 2006, (494 SCRA 493)

20
e. Power to Acquire Own Shares

● Boman Environmental Development Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 77860, 22 November 1988, (167 SCRA 540)

f. Power to Invest Corporate Funds in another Corporation or Business

● Heirs of Pael v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 133547, 10 February 2000,

(325 SCRA 341)

● Del Rama v. Maao Sugar Central, G.R. No. 17504 & L-17506,
28 February 1969, (27 SCRA 247)

g. Power to Declare Dividends

● Madrigal & Company, Inc. v. Zamora, G.R. No. L-48237, 30 June 1987,
(151 SCRA 355)

h. Power to Enter Into Management Contract

i. Ultra Vires Acts

i. Consequences of Ultra Vires Acts

● Republic v. Acoje Mining Company, Inc., G.R. No. L-18062,

28 February 1963, (7 SCRA 361)

● Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co. v. Quilts & All, Inc., G.R. No. 91436,
24 May 1993, (222 SCRA 486)

●  Atrium Management Corporation v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 109491, 28 February 2001, (353 SCRA 23)

● University of Mindanao Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,

G.R. No. 194964-65, 11 January 2016, (778 SCRA 458)

● Development Bank of the Philippines v. Commission on Audit,

G.R. No. 210838, 03 July 2018, (870 SCRA 104)

● Crisologo-Jose v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 80599, 15 September 1989,

(177 SCRA 594)

● Montelibano v. Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-15092,

18 May 1962, (5 SCRA 36)

21
 ● Office of the Ombudsman v. Antonio Z. DE Guzman, G.R. No. 197886,
04 October 2017, (841 SCRA 616)

3. How Exercised

a. By the Shareholders

● Citibank, N.A. v. Chua, G.R. No. 102300, 17 March 1993, (220 SCRA 75)

b. By the Board of Directors

● Premium Marble Resources, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96551,

04 November 1996, (264 SCRA 11)

● Terp Construction Corporation v. Banco Filipino Savings and Mortgage

Bank, G.R. No. 221771, 18 September 2019, (_ SCRA _)

● New Durawood Co., Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111732,

20 February 1996, (253 SCRA 740)

c. By the Officers

● Rural Bank of Milaor (Camarines Sur) v. Ocfemia, G.R. No. 137686,

08 February 2000, (325 SCRA 99)

● Westmont Bank v. Inland Construction and Development Corp.,

G.R. No. 123650, 23 March 2009, (582 SCRA 230)

● Advance Paper Corporation v. Arma Traders Corporation, G.R. No 176897,

11 December 2013, (712 SCRA 313)

● Games and Garments Developers, Inc. v. Allied Banking Corporation,

G.R. No. 181426, 13 July 2015, (762 SCRA 447)

● Philippine Race Horse Trainer’s Association, Inc. v. Piedras Negras

Construction and Development Corporation, G.R. No. 192659,
02 December 2015, (775 SCRA 631)

● Calubad v. Ricarcen Development Corporation, G.R. No. 202364,

30 August 2017, (838 SCRA 303)

● Ayala Land, Inc. v. ASB Realty Corp., G.R. No. 210043, 26 September 2018,
(_ SCRA _)

22
 ● Engineering Geoscience, Inc. v. Philippine Savings Bank, G.R. No. 187262,
10 January 2019, (_ SCRA _)

4. Trust Fund Doctrine

● Ong Yong, v. Tiu, G.R. Nos. 144476, 144629, 08 April 2003, (401 SCRA 1)

● Yamamoto v. Nishino Leather Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 150283,

16 April 2008, (551 SCRA 447)

● Halley v. Printwell, Inc., G.R. No. 157549, 30 May 2011, (649 SCRA 116)

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. College Assurance Plan, Philippines

Inc., G.R. No. 202052, 07 March 2018, (857 SCRA 592)

G. Board of Directors and Trustees

● A.F. Realty & Development, Inc v. Dieselman Freight Services Company,

G.R. No. 111448, 16 January 2002, (373 SCRA 385)

1. Doctrine of Centralized Management

● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998, (292 SCRA 503)

● Citibank, N.A. v. Chua, G.R. No. 102300, 17 March 1993, (220 SCRA 75)

● Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico De Filipinas, Inc. v. Lim, G.R. No. 212034,

02 July 2018, (869 SCRA 298)

2. Business Judgment Rule

● Sales v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 54330,

13 January 1989, (169 SCRA 109)

● Filipinas Port Services, Inc. v. Go, et al., G.R. No. 161886, 16 March 2007,
(518 SCRA 453)

● Matling Industrial and Commercial Corporation, v. Coros, G.R. No. 157802,

13 October 2010, (633 SCRA 12)

● March II Marketing, Inc. v. Joson, G.R. No. 171993, 12 December 2011,

(662 SCRA 35)

● Great Asian Sales Center Corporation v. CA, G.R. No. 105774, 25 April 2002,
(381 SCRA 557)
23
 ● De Tavera v. Philippine Tubercolosis Society, Inc., G.R. No. L-48928,
25 February 1982, (629 SCRA 145)

● People's Aircargo and Warehousing Company v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 117847, 7 October 1998, (297 SCRA 170)

● Provident International Resources Corporation v. Venus, G.R. No. 167041,

17 June 2008, (554 SCRA 540)

3. Tenure, Qualifications and Disqualifications of Directors or Trustees

● Grace Christian High School v. C​ ourt of Appeals, G.R. No. 108905,

23 October 1997, (281 SCRA 133)

● Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93695, 04 February 1992, (205 SCRA 752)

4. Elections

● Tan v.​ ​Sycip, G.R. No. 153468, 17 August 2006, (499 SCRA 216)

● Estate of Ortañez v. Lee, G.R. No. 184251, 09 March 2016, (787 SCRA 124)

a. Cumulative Voting/Straight Voting

b. Quorum

● Lanuza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131394, 28 March 2005, (454 SCRA 54)

5. Removal

● Raniel v. Jochico, G.R. No. 153413, 02 March 2007, (517 SCRA 221)

● Bernas v. Cinco, G.R. Nos. 163356-57, 163368-69, 01 July 2015, (761 SCRA 104)

6. Filling of Vacancies

● Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. v. Africa, G.R. No. 151969,

04 September 2009, (598 SCRA 195)

7. Compensation

●  Western Institute of Technology, Inc. v. Salas, G.R. No. 113032,

21 August 1997, (278 SCRA 216)

8. Fiduciary Duties and Liability Rules

24
 ● Heirs of Uy v. International Exchange Bank, G.R. No. 166282-83,
13 February 2013, (690 SCRA 519)

● Carag v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 147590,

02 April 2007, (520 SCRA 28)

● Balinghasay v. Castillo, G.R. No. 185664, 08 April 2005, (755 SCRA 276)

● United Coconut Planters Bank v. Planters Products, Inc., G.R. No. 179015,
13 June 2012, (672 SCRA 285)

● Presidential Commission on Good Government v. Gutierrez,

G.R. No. 189800, 09 July 2018, (871 SCRA 148)

● IENT v. Tullett Prebon (Philippines), Inc., G.R. No. 189158, 11 January 2017,
(814 SCRA 184)

● Pioneer Insurance Surety Corporation v. Morning Star Travel & Tours Inc.,
G.R. No. 198436, 08 July 2015, (762 SCRA 283)

9. Responsibility for Crimes and Damages

● Ong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 119858, 29 April 2003, (401 SCRA 648)

● Ching v Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 164317, 06 February 2006,

(481 SCRA 609)

10. Insider Information

11. Contracts

a. By Self-Dealing Directors with the Corporation

● Prime White Cement Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court,

G.R. No. L-68555, 19 March 1993, (220 SCRA 103)

b. Between Corporations with Interlocking Directors

● Development Bank of the Philippines v​ . ​Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 126200,

16 August 2001, (363 SCRA 307)

12. Executive ​Committee

25
 ● Filipinas Port Services Inc. v. Go, G.R. No. 161886, 16 March 2007,
(518 SCRA 453)

13. Meetings

● People v. Dumlao, G.R. No. 168918, 02 March 2009, (580 SCRA 409)

● Lopez Realty, Inc. v. Spouses Tanjangco, G.R. No. 154291, 12 November 2014,
(733 SCRA 644)

a. Quorum

● Peña v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91478, 07 February 1991, (193 SCRA 717)

● Villongco v. Yabut, G.R. Nos. 225022, 225024, 05 February 2018,

(854 SCRA 132)

H. Stockholders and Members

1. Rights of a Stockholder and Members

a. Doctrine of Equality of Shares

● Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 108576,

20 January 1999, (301 SCRA 152)

2. Participation in Management

a. Proxy

● Government Services Insurance System v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 183905, 16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 679)

● Securities and Exchange Commission v. Court of Appeals, Omico

Corporation, et al., G.R. No. 187702, 22 October 2014, (739 SCRA 99)

b. Voting Trust

● Lee v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93695, 04 February 1992, (205 SCRA 752)

3. Proprietary Rights

a. Right of Appraisal

26
 ● Turner v. Lorenzo Shipping Corporation, G.R. No. 157479,
24 November 2010, (636 SCRA 13)

b. Right to Inspect

● Gokongwei, Jr. v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. L-45911,

11 April 1979, (89 SCRA 336)

● Gonzales v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. L-33320, 30 May 1983,

(122 SCRA 489)

● Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 88809, 88858, 10 July 1991,

(199 SCRA 39)

● Africa v. Presidential Commission on Good Government, G.R. Nos. 83831,

85594, 85597, 85621, 09 January 1992, (205 SCRA 38)

● Terelay Investment and Development Corporation v. Yulo,

G.R. No. 160924, 05 August 2015, (765 SCRA 1)

● Yujuico v. Quiambao, G.R. No. 180416, 02 June 2014, (724 SCRA 262)

● Chua v. People, G.R. No. 216146, 24 August 2016, (801 SCRA 436)

● Roque v. People, G.R. No. 211108, 07 June 2017, (826 SCRA 618)

● Abra Valley. Grace Borgona Insigne, Et Al. v. Abra Valley Colleges, Inc.
and Francis Borgona, G.R. No. 204089, 29 july 2015, (764 scra 64)

● Dee Ping Wee v. Lee Hiong Wee, G.R. No. 169345, 25 August 2010,
(629 SCRA 145)

● Sy Tiong Shiou, et al., v. Sy Chim, et. al., G.R. No. 179438, G.R. No. 174168,
30 March 2009, (582 SCRA 517)

c. Pre-Emptive Right

● Majority of Stockholders of Ruby Industrial Corporation v. Lim,

G.R. No. 165887, 06 June 2011, (650 SCRA 461)

d. Right to Vote

● Castillo v. Balinghasay, G.R. No. 150976, 18 October 2004, (440 SCRA 442)

e. Right to Dividends

27
 ● Nielson & Company, Inc., v. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company,
G.R. No. L-21601, 17 December 1966, (18 SCRA 1040)

● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998,(292 SCRA 503)

● Cojuangco and Prime Holdings, Inc. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 183278,

24 April 2009, (586 SCRA 790)

f. Right of First Refusal

● Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128606, 04 December 2000,

(346 SCRA 760)

● JG Summit Holdings, Inc., v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124293,

31 January 2005, (450 SCRA 169)

4. Remedial Rights

a. Individual Suit

● Cua Jr. v. Tan, G.R. Nos. 181455-56, 04 December 2009, (607 SCRA 645)

b. Representative Suit

c. Derivative Suit

● Bitong v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123553, 13 July 1998 (292 SCRA 503)

● Reyes v. Regional Trial Court of Makati, Br. 142, G.R. No. 165744,
11 August 2008, (561 SCRA 593)

● Yu v. Yukayguan, G.R. No. 177549, 18 June 2009, (589 SCRA 588)

● Hi-Yield Realty Incorporated v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 168863,

23 June 2009, (590 SCRA 548)

● Legaspi Towers 300, Inc. v. Muer, G.R. No. 170783, 18 June 2012,
(673 SCRA 453)

● Ang v. Spouses Ang, G.R. No. 201675, 19 June 2013, (699 SCRA 272)

● Ching v. Subic Bay Golf and Country Club Inc., G.R. No. 174353,
10 September 2014, (734 SCRA 569)

28
 ● Villamor Jr. v. Umale, G.R. Nos. 172843, 172881, 24 September 2014,
(736 SCRA 325)

● Florete Jr. v. Florete Sr., G.R. No. 174909, 20 January 2016, (781 SCRA 255)

● Concorde Condominium Inc. v. Baculio, G.R. No. 203678,

17 February 2016, (784 SCRA 263)

● Lim v. Lim-Yu, G.R. No. 138343, 19 February 2001, (352 SCRA 216)

● Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas v. Vicente Jose Campa, Jr. et. al., G.R. No.
185979, 16 March 2016, (787 SCRA 476)

● Wesleyan University- Philippines v. Maglaya, G.R. No. 212774,

23 January 2017, (815 SCRA 171)

5. Obligation of a Stockholder

● Halley v. Printwell, Inc., G.R. No. 157549, 30 May 2011, (649 SCRA 116)

6. Meetings

● Ricafort v. Dicdican, G.R. Nos. 202647-50, 205921-24, 09 March 2016,

(787 SCRA 163)

● Guy v. Guy, G.R. No. 184068, 19 April 2016, (790 SCRA 288)

● Lao v. Lim, G.R. No. 201306, 09 August 2017, (836 SCRA 341)

a. Quorum

● Lanuza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131394, 28 March 2005,

(454 SCRA 54)

I. Capital Structure

1. Subscription Agreements

● Ong Yong v. Tiu, G.R. Nos. 144476, 144629, 08 April 2003, (401 SCRA 1)

● Interport Resources Corporation v. Securities Specialist, Inc.,

G.R. No. 154069, 06 June 2016, (792 SCRA 155)

29
2. Shares of Stock

a. Nature of Stock

● Razon v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 16 March 1992, G.R. No 74306,

(207 SCRA 234)

● Republic v. Estate of Hans Menzi, G.R. No. 152578, 23 November 2005,

(476 SCRA 20)

● Rural Bank of Salinas, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96674, 26 June 1992,
(210 SCRA 510)

● Garcia v. Jomouad, G.R. No. 133969, 26 January 2000 (323 SCRA 424)

● Rural Bank of Lipa City, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124535,
28 September 2001, (366 SCRA 188)

● Batangas Laguna Tayabas Bus Company Inc. v. Bitanga, G.R. No. 137934,
137936, 10 August 2001, (362 SCRA 635)

● Valley Golf and Country Club, Inc., v. Vda. de Caram, G.R. No. 158805,
16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 218)

● Puno v. Puno Enterprises, Inc., G.R. No. 177066, 11 September 2009,

(599 SCRA 585)

● Delphers Trades Corporation v. Intermediate Appellate Court,

G.R. No. 69259, 26 January 1988, (157 SCRA 349)

● Fong v. Duenas, G.R. No. 185592, 15 June 2015, (757 SCRA 412)

b. Subscription Agreements

● Philippine National Bank v. Bitulok Sawmill, Inc., G.R. Nos. L-24177-85,

29 June 1968, (23 SCRA 1366)

● Republic Planters Bank v. Agana, Sr., G.R. No. 51765, 03 March 1997,
(269 SCRA 1)

3. Payment of Balance of Subscription

a. Call by Board of Directors

b. Notice Requirement

30
 c. Sale of Delinquent Shares

i. Effect of Delinquency

● Calatagan Golf Club, Inc. v. Clemente, Jr., G.R. No. 165443, 16 April 2009,
(585 SCRA 300)

ii. Call by Resolution of the Board of Directors

● Apodaca v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 80039,

18 April 1989, (172 SCRA 442)

4. Certificate of Stock

a. Nature of the Certificate

● Tan v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 95696,

03 March 1992, (206 SCRA 740)

● David C. Lao v. Dionisio Lao, G.R. No. 170585, October 2008,

(567 SCRA 558)

b. Negotiability

i. Requirements for Valid Transfer of Stocks

● Razon v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 74306, 16 March 1992,

(207 SCRA 234)

● Rural Bank of Salinas, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 96674,

26 June 1992, (210 SCRA 510)

● China Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117604,

26 March 1997, (270 SCRA 503)

● Garcia v. Jomouad, G.R. No. 133969, 26 January 2000 (323 SCRA 424)

●  Rural Bank of Lipa City, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124535,
28 September 2001, (366 SCRA 188)

● Ponce v​ . Alsons Cement Corporation, Jr., G.R. No. 139802,

10 December 2002, (393 SCRA 602)

31
 ● Fil-Estate Golf and Development Inc. v. Vertex Sales and Trading Inc.,
G.R. No. 202079, 10 June 2013, (698 SCRA 272)

● Forest Hills Golf & Country Club v. Vertex Sales and Trading Inc.,
G.R. No. 202205, 06 March 2013, (692 SCRA 706)

● Teng v. Securities & Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 184332,

17 February 2016, (784 SCRA 216)

● Andaya v. Rural Bank of Cabadbaran, Inc., G.R. No. 188769,

03 August 2016, (799 SCRA 325)

● Tee Ling Kiat v. Ayala Corporation, G.R. No. 192530, 07 March 2018,
(857 SCRA 533)

● Florete, Sr. v. Florete, Jr., G.R. No. 223321, 11 April 2018, (861 SCRA 157)

● Legaspi v. People, G.R. Nos. 225753, 225799 ,15 October 2018, (_ SCRA _)

● Pacific Basin Securities, Co. v. Oriental Petroleum and Minerals Corp,

G.R. Nos. 143972 and 144056, 31 August 2007, (531 SCRA 667)

c. Issuance

i. Full Payment

● Baltazar v. Lingayen Gulf Electric Power, Co., Inc., G.R. No. L-16236,
30 June 1965, (14 SCRA 522)

5. Stock and Transfer Book

a. Contents

● Lanuza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 131394, 28 March 2005, (454 SCRA 54)

b. Who May Make Valid Entries

●  Torres, Jr v. C
​ ourt of Appeals, G.R. No. 120138, 05 September 1997,
(278 SCRA 793)

J. Dissolution and Liquidation

● Chung Ka Bio v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 71837, 26 July 1988,
(163 SCRA 534)

32
● Aguirre II v. FQB +7, Inc., G.R. No. 170770, 09 January 2013, (688 SCRA 242)

● Alabang Development Corporation v. Alabang Hills Village Association,

G.R. No. 187456, 02 June 2014, (724 SCRA 321)

● Rich v. Paloma III, G.R. No. 210538, 07 March 2018, (858 SCRA 27)

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Hong, G.R. No. 161771, 15 February 2012, (666 SCRA
71)

● Pepsi Cola Products Philippines v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 145855, 24 November
2004, (443 SCRA 580)

1. Modes of Dissolution

a. Voluntary

i. Where No Creditors Are Affected

●  Vesagas v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 142924, 05 December 2001,

(371 SCRA 508)

ii. Where Creditors Are Affected

iii. By Shortening of Corporate Term

b. Involuntary

i. By Expiration of Corporate Term

● Philippine National Bank v. Court of First Instance of Rizal, Pasig, G.R.

No. 63201, 27 May 1992, (209 SCRA 294)

ii. Failure to Organize and Commence Business Within 2 Years from

Incorporation

iii. Legislative Dissolution

iv. Dissolution by the Securities & Exchange Commission on Grounds

under Existing Laws

● Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Bureau of Internal

Revenue, G.R. No. 158261, 18 December 2006, (511 SCRA 123)

2​. Methods of Liquidation

33
 a. By the Corporation Itself

● Yu v. Yukayguan, G.R. No. 177549, 18 June 2009, (589 SCRA 588)

b. Conveyance to a Trustee within a Three-Year Period

● Gelano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-39050, 24 February 1981,

(103 SCRA 90)

●  Knecht v. United Cigarette Corporation, G.R. No. 139370, 04 July 2002,

(384 SCRA 45)

c. By Management Committee or Rehabilitation Receiver

● Alemar's Sibal & Sons, Inc. v. Elbinias, G.R. No. 75414, 04 June 1990,
(186 SCRA 94)

● Villamor, Jr. v. Umale, G.R. Nos. 172843, 172881, 24 September 2014,

(736 SCRA 325)

● Spouses Hiteroza v. Cruzada, G.R. No. 203527, 27 June 2016,

(794 SCRA 511)

d. Liquidation after Three Years

● Clemente v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 82407, 27 March 1995,

(242 SCRA 717)

● Reburiano v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 102965, 21 January 1999,

(301 SCRA 342)

● Paramount Insurance Corporation v. A.C. Ordoñez Corporation, G.R. No.

175109, 06 August 2008, (561 SCRA 327)

● Vigilla v. Philippine College of Criminology, Inc. G.R. No. 200094,

10 June 2013, (698 SCRA 247)

● Alabang Development Corporation v. Alabang Hills Village Association,

G.R. No. 187456, 02 June 2014, (724 SCRA 321)

● Reyes v. Bancom Development Corporation, G.R. No. 190286,

11 January 2018, (850 SCRA 544)

K. Other Corporations
34
 ● Iglesia Filipina Independiente v. Heirs of Bernardino Taeza,
G.R. No. 179597, 03 February 2014, (715 SCRA 138)

1. Close Corporations

a. Characteristics of a Close Corporation

● Manuel R. Dulay Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91889,

27 August 1993, (225 SCRA 678)

● San Juan Structural and Steel Fabricators, Inc. v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 129459, 29 September 1998, (296 SCRA 631)

● Naguiat v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 116123,

13 March 1997 (269 SCRA 564)

● Bustos v. Millians Shoe, Inc., G.R. No. 185024, 24 April 2017, (824 SCRA 67)

b. When Board Meeting is Unnecessary or Improperly Held

● Manuel R. Dulay Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 91889,

27 August 1993, (225 SCRA 678)

e. Pre-Emptive Right

f. Amendment of Articles of Incorporation

g. Deadlocks

● Sy Chim v. Sy Siy Ho and Sons, Inc., doing business under the name and style
Guan Yiac Hardware, G.R. No. 164958, 27 January 2006, (480 SCRA 465)

2. One Person Corporation

a. Nature

i. Limited Liability

b. Articles of Incorporation of OPC

c. Nominees in case of Death or Incapacity

d. Directors and Officers of OPC

e. Reportorial Requirements
35
2. Non-Stock Corporations

● Litonjua, Jr. v. Corporatio ​(now Eterton Multi-Resources

Eternity
Corporation), Eteroutremer, S.A.​, G.R. No. 144805, 08 June 2006,
(490 SCRA 204)

● Long v. Basa, G.R. Nos. 134963-64, 135152-53 &137135, 27 September 2001, (366
SCRA 113)

a. Treatment of Profits

b. Distribution of Assets upon Dissolution

● Ao-As v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128464, 20 June 2006,

(491 SCRA 339)

● Barayuga v. Adventist University of the Philippines, G.R. No. 168008,

17 August 2011, (655 SCRA 640)

C. Meetings

● Lim v. Moldex Land Inc., G.R. No. 206038, 25 January 2017, (815 SCRA 619)

4. Foreign Corporations

a. Bases of Authority over Foreign Corporations

i. Consent

● Eriks Pte. Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118843, 06 February 1997,
(267 SCRA 567)

ii. Doctrine of “Doing Business” (related to definition under the Foreign

Investments Act, R.A. No. 7042)

● Litton Mills, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 94980, 15 May 1996,
(256 SCRA 696)

● Columbia Pictures, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110318,

28 August 1996, (261 SCRA 144)

36
 ● Hahn v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113074, 22 January 1997,
(266 SCRA 537)

● Eriks Pte. Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118843, 06 February 1997,
(267 SCRA 567)

● Hutchison Ports Philippines Limited v. Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority,

G.R. No. 131367, 31 August 2000, (339 SCRA 434)

● B. Van Zuiden Bros Ltd. v. GTVL Manufacturing Industries,

G.R. No. 147905, 28 May 2007, (523 SCRA 233)

● Aboitiz Shipping Corporation v. Insurance Company of North America,

G.R. No. 168402, 06 August 2008, (561 SCRA 262)

● Cargill, Inc. v. Intra Strata Assurance Corporation, G.R. No. 168266,

15 March 2010, (615 SCRA 304)

● The Home Insurance Company v. Eastern Shipping Lines,

G.R. Nos. L-34382-83, 20 July 1983, (123 SCRA 424)

● Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc., G.R. No. 171995,

18 April 2012, (670 SCRA 64)

● Communication Materials and Design, Inc. v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. No. 102223, 22 August 1996, (260 SCRA 673)

● Lorenzo Shipping Corp. v. Chubb and Sons, Inc., G.R. No. 147724,
08 June 2004, (431 SCRA 266)

b. Necessity of a License to Do Business

● Antam Consolidated, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-61523,

31 July 1986, (143 SCRA 288)

● Philip Morris, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 91332, 16 July 1993, (224 SCRA 576)

● Fredco Manufacturing Corporation v. President and Fellows of Harvard

College, G.R. No. 185917, 01 June 2011, (650 SCRA 232)

● Llorente v. Star City Pty Limited G.R. Nos. 212050 & 212216, 15 January
2020, (_ SCRA _)

c. Personality to Sue
37
 ● Top-Weld Manufacturing, Inc. v. ECED, SA., G.R. No. L-44944,
09 August 1985, (138 SCRA 118)

● Merrill Lynch Futures, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 97816,

24 July 1992, (211 SCRA 824)

● Granger Associates v. Microwave Systems, Inc., G.R. No. 79986,

14 September 1990, (189 SCRA 631)

 
● MR Holdings, Ltd. v. Bajar, G.R. No. 138104, 11 April 2002, (380 SCRA 617)

● Global Business Holdings, Inc., v. Surecomp Software, B.V.,

G.R. No. 173463, 13 October 2010, (633 SCRA 94)

d. Instances When Unlicensed Foreign Corporations May Be Allowed to Sue

Isolated Transactions

● Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc., G.R. No. 171995,

18 April 2012, (670 SCRA 64)

● Rimbunan Hijau Group of Companies v. Oriental Wood Processing

Corporation, G.R. No. 152228, 23 September 2005, (470 SCRA 650)

L. Mergers and Consolidations

1. Definition and Concept

● Associated Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123793, 29 June 1998,

(291 SCRA 511)

● SME Bank Inc. v. de Guzman (Gaspar), G.R. Nos. 184517, 186641,

08 October 2013, (707 SCRA 35)

● Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bank of Commerce, G.R. No. 180529,

13 November 2013, (709 SCRA 390)

● Bank of Commerce v. Radio Philippines Network Inc., G.R. No. 195615,

21 April 2014, (722 SCRA 520)

● Bank of Commerce v. Heirs of Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 211519, 14 August 2017,
(837 SCRA 112)

38
 2. Constituent vs. Consolidated Corporation

● McLeod v. National Labor Relations Commission, G.R. No. 146667,

23 January 2007, (512 SCRA 222)

3. Effectivity

●  Philippine National Bank v. Andrada Electric & Engineering Company,

G.R. No. 142936, 17 April 2002, (381 SCRA 244)

● Mindanao Savings and Loan Association, Inc. v. Willkom, G.R. No. 178618,
11 (20) October 2010, (634 SCRA 291)

4. Effects

● Associated Bank v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 123793, 29 June 1998,

(291 SCRA 511)

● Babst v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 99398, 104625, 26 January 2001,

(350 SCRA 341)

● Omictin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 148004, 22 January 2007, (512 SCRA 70)

● Spouses Nisce v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 167434, 19 February 2007,
(516 SCRA 231)

● Bank of the Philippine Islands v. BPI Employees Union-Davao

Chapter-Federation of Unions in BPI Unibank, G.R. No. 164301, 19 (11)
October 2011, (658 SCRA 828)

● Bank of Philippine Islands v. Lee, G.R. No. 190144, 01 August 2012,

(678 SCRA 171)

● The Philippine Geothermal Inc. Employees Union v. Unocal Philippines, Inc.,

G.R. No. 190187, 28 September 2016, (804 SCRA 286)

● SUMIFRU (Philippines) Corporation v. Baya, G.R. No. 188269, 17 April 2017,

(822 SCRA 564)

● Spouses Ong v. BPI Family Savings Bank, Inc., G.R. No. 208638,
24 January 2018, (852 SCRA 614)

IX. FOREIGN INVESTMENTS ACT (R.A. NO. 7042)

39
 A. Definition of Terms

1. “Doing Business” in the Philippines

● Hahn v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 113074, 22 January 1997, (266 SCRA 537)

● Eriks Pte. Ltd. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118843, 06 February 1997,
(267 SCRA 567)

● Agilent Technologies Singapore (Pte.) Ltd. v. Integrated Silicon Technology

Philippines Corporation, G.R. No. 154618, 14 April 2004, (427 SCRA 593)

● Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc., G.R. No. 171995,

18 April 2012, (670 SCRA 64)

B. Foreign Investment Negative List

● Heirs of Gamboa v. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, 09 October 2012, (682 SCRA 397)

X. SECURITIES REGULATION CODE (R.A. NO. 8799)

● Herbosa v. CJH Development Corporation, G.R. No. 210316, 28 November 2016,

(810 SCRA 532)

A. State Policy, Purpose

● Abacus Securities Corporation v. Ampil, G.R. No. 160016, 27 February 2006,

(483 SCRA 315)

B. Securities Required to be Registered

● Gabionza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 161057, 12 September 2008,

(565 SCRA 38)

● Power Homes Unlimited Corporation v. Securities & Exchange Commission,

G.R. No. 164182, 26 February 2008, (546 SCRA 567)

● Timeshare Realty Corporation v. Lao, G.R. No. 158941, 11 February 2008,

(544 SCRA 254)

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. Prosperity.Com, Inc., G.R. No. 164197,

25 January 2012, (664 SCRA 28)

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. Santos, G.R. No. 195542, 19 March 2014,
(719 SCRA 514)

40
 ● Abacus Capital and Investment Corporation v. Tabujara, G.R. No. 197624,
23 July 2018, (872 SCRA 318)

1. Exempt Securities

● Union Bank of the Philippines v. Securities and Exchange Commission,

G.R. No. 138949, 06 June 2001, (358 SCRA 479)

2. Exempt Transactions

● Nestle Philippines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 86738, 13 November 1991,
(203 SCRA 504)

A. Procedure for Registration of Securities

B. Prohibitions of Fraud, Manipulation and Insider Trading

● Onapal Philippines Commodities, Inc. v. Court of Appeals G.R. No. 90707,

01 February 1993, (218 SCRA 281)

1. Manipulation of Security Prices

2. Short Sales

3. Fraudulent Transactions

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. Price Richardson Corporation,

G.R. No. 197032, 26 July 2017, (832 SCRA 560)

4. Insider Trading

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. Interport Resources Corporation,

G.R. No. 135808, 06 October 2008, (567 SCRA 354)

C. Protection of Investors

● Philippine Veterans Bank v. Callangan, G.R. No. 191995, 03 August 2011,

(655 SCRA 150)

1. Tender Offer Rule

● Cemco Holdings, Inc. v. National Life Insurance Company of the Philippines,

Inc., G.R. No. 171815, 07 August 2007, (529 SCRA 355)
41
 2. Rules on Proxy Solicitation

● Government Service Insurance System v. Court of Appeals,

G.R. Nos. 183905, 184275, 16 April 2009, (585 SCRA 679)

3. Disclosure Rule

● Securities & Exchange Commission v. Interport Resources Corporation,

G.R. No. 135808, 06 October 2008, (567 SCRA 354)

D. Civil Liability

● Citibank, N.A. v. Tanco-Gabaldon, G.R. No. 198444, 04 September 2013,

(705 SCRA 172)

● Pua v. Citibank, N.A., G.R. No. 180064, 16 September 2013, (718 Phil 1)

H. Miscellaneous Topics

Intra-corporate controversy

● Calleja v. Panday, G.R. No. 168696, 28 February 2006, (483 SCRA 680)

● Reyes v. Regional Trial Court of Makati, Br. 142, G.R. No. 165744,
11 August 2008, (561 SCRA 593)

● Abad v. Philippine Communications Satellite Corporation, G.R. No. 200620,

18 March 2015, (753 SCRA 544)

● Gonzales v. GJH Land Inc., G.R. No. 202664, 20 (10) November 2015,
(774 SCRA 242)

● Dy Teban Trading, Inc. v. Dy, G.R. No. 185647, 26 July 2017, (832 SCRA 533)

● Belo Medical Group Inc. v. Santos, G.R. No. 185894, 30 August 2017,
(838 SCRA 142)

● Cacho v. Balagtas, G.R. No. 202974, 07 February 2018, (855 SCRA 11)

● Malcaba v. ProHealth Pharma Philippines, Inc., G.R. No. 209085,

06 June 2018, (864 SCRA 518)

● Ellao v. Batangas I Electric Cooperative, Inc., G.R. No. 209166,

09 July 2018, (871 SCRA 227)
42
● Ku v. RCBC Securities, Inc., G.R. No. 219491, 17 October 17 2018, (_ SCRA _)

● Tumagan v. Kairuz, G.R. No. 198124, 12 September 2018, (_ SCRA _)

● Eizmendi Jr. v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 215280, 05 September 2018, (_ SCRA _)

● Barba v. Liceo de Cagayan University, G.R. No. 193857, 28 November 2012,

(686 SCRA 648)

● Chateau De Baie Condominiom Corporation v. Spouses Moreno, G.R. No.

186271, 23 February 2011, (644 SCRA 288)

● Cosare v. Broadcom Asia, G.R. No. 201298, 05 February 2014, (715 SCRA 534)

● Easycall Communications Phil. V. Edward King, G.R. No. 145901, 15 December

2005

● Eustacio Atwel et al. v. Concepcion Progressive Association, Inc.,

G.R. No. 169370, 14 April 2008, (551 SCRA 272)

● Fabia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 132684, 11 September 2002, (363 SCRA 427)

● Forest Hills Golf and Country Club, Inc. v. Fil-Estate Poperties, Inc.,
G.R. No. 206649, 20 July 2016, (797 SCRA 655)

● Gulfo v. Ancheta, G.R. No. 175301, 15 August 2012, (678 SCRA 459)

● Go v. Distinction Properties Development and Construction, G.R. No. 194024,

25 April 2012, (671 SCRA 461)

● Lisam Enterprises, Inc. v. Banco De oro, G.R. No. 143264, 23 April 2012,
(670 SCRA 310)

● Baviera v. Standard Chartered Bank, G.R. No. 168380, 08 February 2007, (515
SCRA 170)

● Mobilia Products, Inc. v. Umezawa, G.R. No. 149357, 04 March 2005,

(452 SCRA 736)

● Pablo Roman, Jr. v. Securities and Exchange Commission, G.R. No. 196329,
01 June 2016, (791 SCRA 638)

43
 ● Philippine Communication Saterlite Corporation and Philcomsat Holdings
Corporation v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 203023, 17 June 2015, (759 SCRA 242)

● San Jose v. Ozamiz, G.R. No.190590, 12 July 2017, (831 SCRA 51)

● Securities and Exchange Commission v. Subic Bay Golf and Country Club,
Inc., G.R. No. 179047, 11 March 2015, (752 SCRA 481)

XI. FINANCIAL REHABILITATION AND INSOLVENCY ACT OF 2010 (R.A. NO.

10142), INCLUDING FR RULES (A.M. NO. 12-12-11-SC AND FLSP RULES (A.M.
NO. 15-04-06-SC)

a. Basic Concepts

i. Rehabilitation

( BPI Family Savings Bank vs St Michael Medical Center, GR No. 205469,

March 25, 2015

Philippine Asset Growth Two, Inc. and Planters Development Bank vs.
Fastech Synergy Philippines Inc., et al. G.R. No. 206528, 28 June 2016

ii. Insolvent

iii. Liquidation

iv. Suspension of Payments

b. Modes of Rehabilitation

i. Court-supervised Rehabilitation

a. Voluntary v. Involuntary Proceedings

b. Commencement Order (including Stay Order)

c. Rehabilitation Receiver and Management Committee

d. Determination of Claims

44
 e. Rehabilitation Plan

- Concept of Feasibility

VIVA SHIPPING LINES, INC.​, ​Petitioner,​ ​v.​ ​KEPPEL PHILIPPINES MINING, INC.,​.​G.R. No.
177382, February 17, 2016,

Philippine Asset Growth Two, Inc. and Planters Development Bank vs.
Fastech Synergy Philippines Inc., et al. G.R. No. 206528, 28 June 2016

- Material Financial Commitments

BPI Family Savings Bank vs St Michael Medical Center, GR No. 205469, March 25,
2015

f. Liquidation Analysis

g. Creditor Approval and Confirmation

h. Failure of Rehabilitation

ii. Pre-negotiated Rehabilitation

1. How Initiated

2. Period and Effect of Approval

iii. Out-of-Court or Informal Restructuring Agreement or Rehabilitation Plan

1. Minimum Requirements

2. Standstill Period

3. Cram Down Effect

Bank of the Philippine Islands v. Sarabia Manor Hotel Corporation, G.R. No.
175844, 29 July 2013,

c. Liquidation

i. Voluntary Liquidation v. Involuntary Liquidation v. Conversion

45
 ii. Procedure (Liquidation Order and its effects)

. ​Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company vs. S.F. Naguiat Enterprises, G.R. No.
178407, 18 March 2015,

iii. Determination of Claims

d. Suspension of Payments; Suspension of Payment Order

e. Remedies

i. Motion for Reconsideration

ii. Petition for Certiorari

XII. DATA PRIVACY ACT (R.A. NO. 10173)

a. Personal Information and Sensitive Personal Information

b. Scope

c. Processing of Personal Information

d. Rights of Data Subject

XIII. PHILIPPINE COMPETITION ACT (R.A. NO. 10667)

1. Philippine Competition Commission​ (“​PCC​”)

a. Composition.
b. Term of Office.

c. Quorum​.

d. Quasi-judicial Agency
e. Fact-Finding/ Preliminary Inquiry

f. Institution of criminal and/or civil proceedings (Section 12[a], PCA)

2. Office for Competition under the Department of Justice (“DOJ-OFC”)

B. Prohibited Acts
46
1. Anti-Competitive Agreements​ (Section 14, PCA)

Per Se ​Violation Not ​Per Se​ Violation

2. Abuse of Dominant Position​ (Section 15, PCA)

a. Engaging in conduct that would substantially prevent, restrict or lessen competition,
e.g. predatory pricing, dumping, limit pricing, imposing barriers to entry, tying, price
discrimination.

b. Rebuttable presumption of market dominant position if the market share of an entity

in the relevant market share is at least fifty percent (50%), unless a new market share
threshold is determined by PCC for that particular sector. (Section 3, Rule 8.
Implementing Rules and Regulations of the PCA [“​PCA-IRR​”])

3. Anti-Competitive Mergers and Acquisitions​ (Sections 16-23, PCA)

a. Compulsory Notification.

b. Threshold for Compulsory Notification​.

i. Size of Person Test
ii. Size of Transaction Test.
c. Procedure for Review.

d. Filing Fee.

e. Failure to Notify.

47