SET- A collection of distinct objects called elements.

Methods of describing set:

1. Roster or Tabular Method- elements are enumerated.
Ex. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B= {a, b, c, d, e, f}
C= {a, e, i, o, u}
2. Rule Method- elements are described
C= {x/x are the vowels of the English Alphabet}
*x/x- “the set of all x such that x”

Kinds of Set
1. Null or empty set {} -no elements
A= {x/x are the irrational numbers between 0 and 1}
2. Singleton set- unit set/set with only one element
A= {x/x is J from the English alphabet}
3. Finite set- elements are limited or countable, the last element can be identified.
A= {x/x is all odd numbers from 1 to 10}
4. Infinite set- elements are unlimited or uncountable, and the last element cannot be specified.
A= {x/x is stars in the universe}

Cardinality- number of elements in the set

Equivalent sets- sets with same number of elements
A= {2, 4, 6}
B= {a, b, c}
Equal sets- sets with the same elements
A= {a, e, i}
B= {i, a, e}
Proper subset- A is a proper subset of B, if every element of A is in B but there is at least one element of
B that is not in A.
A= {h, a, b, i, t}
B= {a, b, i, t}
Universal Set- usually denoted by U, is a set which has elements of all related sets, without any repetition
of elements
U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B= {2, 4, 6, 8}
C= {5, 6, 7, 8}

Disjoint sets- sets with no common elements

Joint sets- sets with common elements

Operations of Sets
1. Union (U)- combine elements of the set
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
A U B= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
2. Intersection of sets- takes only the elements that are both in the sets
A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
A ∩ B= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
3. Product set or the cross product- the product of two sets in an ordered way
A= {2, 3}
B= {x, y}
A x B= {2x, 2y, 3x, 3y}
4. Relative complement- set of all elements that is in one set but not in the other set
A= {a, b, c, d, e}
B= {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}
A-B= {f, g}
5. Absolute complement- (A’) A prime- are elements of the universal set that do not belong to the other
set
U= {1, 2, 3, 4, …10}
A= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
A’= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

Sample on Venn Diagram

Activity
Answer the following:

Cardinality
1. A ∪ B=¿
2. A ∪ C=¿
3. B∪ C=¿
4. A ∪ B ∪ C=¿
5. A ∩ B=¿

1. A ∩C=¿

2. B∩ C=¿

3. A ∪ B ∩C=¿

4. A ∩ B∩ C=¿

5. B∪C ∩ A=¿