العرض الجماعي 1212121121212121

King Abdulaziz University 20
Architecture and Planning Faculty

20
Flexibility &
Organization
AR305 (XD) DR.Mohammed khafaji
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between flexibility and

organization in an office building, and explores strategies
and constructive solutions that ensure both adaptability and
the possibility of transforming space in response to changing
use and also in response to the client's requirements with
constant change.
1
King Abdulaziz University 20
Architecture and Planning Faculty
20
Theoretical Project analy- Site analy-

framework sis sis
2
Theoritical framework Flexibility
Definition:
Flexibility in architecture, refers to the ability of a building to

continuously adapt its space layout and even its structure to
evolving needs.
Resource :
3
Jeddah Municipality - Regulations Booklet
https://www.jeddah.gov.sa/English/index.php
Theoritical framework Flexibility
Principles:
1 - Adaptability : Principles 3 - Convertibility :
This involves changing the function of a building through a certain

amount of construction work. By planning for convertibility during
2 - Transformability : the design stage, potential future needs can be assessed and the
This is the capacity of a building to support multiple func- time and cost required can be reduced. The resulting changes are
tions without altering the architecture itself. In simple terms, often permanent.
the function of the building changes but the building does
not. These do not result in a permanent change to the space
This allows for the interior or exterior space to be

changed in response to certain stimuli without the need
for new construction. Changes can be both permanent
and temporary.
Resource :
4
Theoritical framework Organization
Definition:
Organization of space in architecture is fundamental to

the creation of composition . it brings together different
forms and shapes and provides a choesive structure to
the design .
Resource :
5
Types:
5- Grid Organization
A grid organization is comprised of
a 3-dimensional composition of
linear reference points. Usually they
are perpendicular from one another,
through they need not be.
4- Clustered Organization
Clustered organization rely on 1- Centralized Organization:

proximity to relate spaces to one
another. Often, they consist of A central organization is composed
repetitive cellular spaces that have of dominant central space, with
certain visual qualities in common. secondary spaces grouped around
it. As a composition, this arrange-
Organization ment is concentrated and stable.
3- Radial Organization:
Radial organization are effectively a

combination of linear and central- 2- Linear Organization:
ized organizations. They have cen-
tral focal point from which linear A linear organization can be com-
forms radiate from. posed of a single, unifying element,
about which different object are
arranged. These objects may be
different in scale, program, and
shape. Resource :
6
1- Spaces linked by a common space

Spatial relation:
Two spaces may rely on an intermediary

space for their relationship
4- Space within a space 2- Interlocking space
Organization
A space may be contained The field of a space may overlap the

within the volume of a larger volume of another space
space 3- Adjacent spaces
Two spaces may share a Resource :
7 common border
Theoritical framework How to reach flexibility
How to reach flexibility in organization
Modular system
Resource :
8
Theoritical framework Modular systym
Definition:
modularity is the degree to which a system's components

may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit
of flexibility and variety in use.
Resource :
9
Unit definition:
an amount of something used as a standard of measure-

ment
Resource :
10
Types:
Structure
Interior Architecture
Modular system
Construction
11
Theoritical framework Modular systym Architecture
Facades:
AL BAHAR TOWERS
This screen reduces solar gain and the amount of glare inside the building at night shrink the shading
.system, then when the sun starts to rise and hit the façade, the awning opens on this façade
12
Massing:
BIG Unveils Mixed-Use

In this building, it consists of units of equal areas, and the units are stacked and arranged side-by-side
to form the building and achieve alignment between units and flexibility in the internal spaces
13
Facts:
*
the design must provide Standard flexibility in the event of any
*
The designers realized that traditional planning and construction
techniques are insufficient to meet the ever-changing demands of changes quickly and efficiently.
users.
* *
Through the modular design it is possible to change or expand the this can be summed up the role of modular design for architecture
usage patterns that consist of larger structures with identical small and urban planning that it requires comprehensive customization in
components. creating a standard design that allows for delivery, operation and
compatibility of mixing and applied to meet the needs of a specific
user
*
Through the modular design it is possible to change or expand the usage
patterns that consist of larger structures with identical small components.
14
Facts:
*
One of the important aspects of this approach is the availabili-
*
It is one of the basic design theories.
ty of transformation, expansion, and modification in terms of
user needs within a given domain.
* *
The main feature of the concept is transformation and growth Small units can be redeveloped, replaced with a new job or in anoth-
according to the needs of the user taking into account the urban er form, or subject to re-editing during the design process even
form and construction in the city. after the end of the final project..
*
The most common and used pattern is the grid pattern which suits almost all
designs.
15
Theoritical framework Modular systym Structure
Definition:
any body of connected parts that is designed to bear

loads, even if it is not intended to be occupied by
people.
Resource :
16
Definition
structural grid is defined principally by column positions and the main

beams spanning between them. This defines on plan two sets of grid
lines which are normally perpendicular.
Types
Types :
Regular Irregular
Resource :
17
Regular:
* Square, Rectangular and Tartan grids are

all regularly recurring elements regulated
by orthogonal space relationships.
* They grow in a predictable manner
* A regular grid improves construction effi-

ciency.
Resource :
18
Irregular:
* Modifying grids, By addition / subtraction

,By scale and proportion, Geometry
* Transition grids
* Corner grids
Resource :
19
Relation between architecture

Types of relation
and structure
Self sopport Separation of Integration

structure and architecture
The form of the structure is closely related to the

form of the building taken as a whole. Resource :
20
Building component:
Annex
Level +7.80
BEAMS WALL
-BEAMS ARE PLACED UNDER -wall is a structure that

THE WALLS TO AVOID DIRECT
LOAD ON THE WEAK COCRETE
SLAPS. security .
First Floor
Level +4.20
COLUMNS SLAB
-COLUMNS ARE A VERY IMPORTANT PART

OF THE STRUCTURE ITS CARRY THE PART -BEAMS ARE PLACED UNDER
OF THE BUILIDING TO THE FOUNDATION. THE WALLS TO AVOID DIRECT
LOAD ON THE WEAK COCRETE
SLAPS.
G round Floor
Level +0.60
CONCRETE
Footing
BED
-the element of a structure which -ITS A LARGE CONCRETE FLOOR

COVERING THE ENTIRE BUILDING
loads from the structure to the ground TO TRANSMIT THE LOAD FROM
THE BUILDING TO THE SOIL.
21
Building component:
Footing
ISOLATED COMBINED STRAP RAFT STRIP

FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING FOOTING
Used to support a Used when distance Used when soils have Used for large loads and Used for the basement
single column between two columns low bearing capacityat the ratio of individual
is small the site
space is high
22
Building component:
COLUMNS
Tied Column Spiral Column
This type of column is commonly construction from reinforced concrete. Spiral column is also construction from reinforced concrete. In this type
e and
reinforcement. It is estimated that %95 of all columns in buildings are tied continuously wound spiral reinforcement.
delays axial load failure (ductile).
23
Building component:
BEAMS
DROPPED INVERTED HIDDEN

BEAM BEAM BEAM
USED IN THE SOLID SLAB USED IN THE SOLID SLAB USED IN THE HOLLOW
Droppeb beams are beams inverted beam is used in BLOCK SLAB
that are thicker than the cantilever slabs and for hidden beam is a beam the
has the same depth as the
beam is at the same level in inverted beam the top
as the top of the slab reinforcement the bounds of the slab
is heavier than bottom
reinforcement as the top
reinforcement is in tension and
bottom reinforcement is in
compression
24
Building component:
SLAB
15 -30 CM 10 -20 CM 15 - 30 CM 7-10 CM
FLAT SLAB SOLID SLAB HOLLOW SLAB WAFFLE SLAB
-FLAT SLABS ARE -SOLID SLABS ARE -CONTINUOUS VOIDS -WAFFLE SLABS ARE
FLAT PLATES 6-12 M BASIC TYPE OF SLABS. 3.6-7.3M REDUCE WEIGHT AND 3.6-11.6 M TWO-WAY CONCRETE 7.3-12.2 M
THICKENED AT LONG SPANS IT IS DEFINED AS LONG SPANS LONG SPANS
SLABS REINFORCED BY LONG SPANS
THEIR COLUMN UNIFORM THICKNESS USED AS RACEWAYS RIBS IN TWO

SUPPORTS TO HORIZINTAL CONCRETE FOR WIRING. DIRECTIONS. THEY ARE
INCREASE THEIR PLATE SUPPORTED BY ABLE TO CARRY
SHEAR STRENGTH RIGID BEAMS ON THE -HIGH COST. HEAVIER LOADS AND
AND EDGES. SPAN LONGER
MOMENT-RESISTI -NOISE ABSORPATION IS DISTANCES THAN FLAT
NG CAPACITY. -LOW COST. GOOD. SLABS.
-HIGH COST -NOISE ABSORPATION IS -HIGH COST.

NOT GOOD.
-NOISE ABSORPATION IS
GOOD.
25
Building component:
WALL
LOAD BEARING RAFT-SHEAR RETAINING

WALL WALL WALL
LOAD BEARING WALL is a wall that -RAFT USED TO SUPPORT A RETAINING WALL is designed to
is an active structural element of a NUMBER OF COLUMNS AND
WALLS. have proper drainage behind the
wall in order to limit the pressure
-SHEAR WALL IS A VERTICAL
resting upon it by conducting its ELEMENT OF A SEISMIC FORCE to the wall's design value.
weight to a foundation structure. RESISTING SYSTEM THAT IS Drainage materials will reduce or
self-draining.
The materials most often used to DESIGNED TO RESIST IN-PLANE eliminate the hydrostatic pressure
construct load-bearing walls in LATERAL FORCES. and improve the stability of the
material behind the wall. Drystone
or brick retaining walls are normally
26
Theoritical framework Modular systym Standarization
High Low
Nakagin Capsule Tower Development and Maintenance of Sports Facilities
pros cons pros cons
• Low cost • Offers limited • The large space • Waste of space
• Simple to plan urban design and voids and voids
• Gives good options • The movement is
circulation plan • Produces larger
and easy for plots constrained and
subdivision rushed
• Efficient in psychological
providing drainage effect
and sewerage • Can be confusing
network and frustrating
Moderate
Contemporary Arts Center Córdoba
pros cons
• Aesthetic form • Rainwater pool
• get attention • Different ceiling
• Breaking heights
boredom and • Difficulty
routine furnishing the
• The introduction building
of
lighting in different
sizes, shapes and
angles
• The building
pursued a different
philosophy
from the rest of the
city
0% 100% Resource :
27
High
Nakagin Capsule Tower
28
High
cons pros
• Offers limited urban • Low cost
design options • Simple to plan
• Produces constrained • Gives good circulation plan
and rushed and easy for plots subdivision
psychological effect • Efficient in providing
• Can be confusing and drainage and sewerage
frustrating network
29
Low
Nakagin Capsule Tower
Resource :
30
Low
pros
• The large space and voids cons
• The movement is larger • Waste of space and voids
31
Moderate Nakagin Capsule Tower

pros
• Aesthetic form
• get attention
• Breaking boredom and routine
• The introduction of lighting in
different sizes, shapes and
angles
• The building pursued a different
philosophy from the rest of the
city
cons
• Rainwater pool
• Different ceiling heights
• Difficulty furnishing the
building
32
Theoretical Project Site analy-
framework analysis sis
33
Project analysis Office building
Definition :
A structure used primarily for the conduct of business

relating to administration, clerical services, consulting,
and other client services not related to retail sales.
Office buildings can hold single or multiple firms.
34
Problems :
Office building in general differ from each other in terms of size

and shape, and most of the administrative offices in Jeddah do
not allow or meet the requirements or some of them that make
the administrative building flexible enough.
Problems
Depending on Depending on
the building the unit
* It is difficult to estimate or predict the

number of employees in companies for the
next several years.
* The lack of planning on how to be flexible in
movement or flexibility in changing the size,
whether enlarging or reducing or merging
spaces, and in how to make voids in the
same unit and use it in several uses.
35
Flexibility on building level:
Separate units 2 combined units 3 combined units all units combined units shared common
spaces & seperate
spaces
36
Flexibility on building Units:
Individual units Gaming space

Main circulation
Meeting room Training space

Bathroom
Reception Open space Announsment

space
Constant: Flexibility:
Yearly Monthly Daily
37
Flexibility on building Units:

Bathroom Main circulation Reception
Privacy Privacy Privacy

%100 - %90 %30 - %20 %40 - %30
Individual units Meeting room Open space
Privacy Privacy Privacy

%40 - %30
%50 - 40% %60 - %50
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
38
Bathroom Main circulation Reception

Flexibility on building Units: view view
Natural lighting view Natural lighting
Natural lighting
0% 0% %0 To %20
%10To 30 %10 To %20
%0 To %20
Individual units Meeting room Open space
view view Natural lighting

view Natural lighting Natural lighting
%10 To %20 %30 To %40 %20 To %30 %40 To %60 %30 To %50
%15To 30
Training space Gaming space Announsment space
view view Natural lighting view Natural lighting

Natural lighting
%30 To %40 %20 To %30 %60 To %100 %30 To %50 %20 To %30 %10 To %20
39 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Project analysis Office building Standard
Arranging Offices :
0.6 Meters , 1 module
9.6 Meters , 16 modules

5.4 Meters , 9 modules 7.2 Meters , 12 modules
40
Standard
Arranging Offices :
Different arrangements for different offices. •
41
Arranging Offices :
3m 2.5m
- Private Office
1.8m 2m
2.5m 2.5m
2m 2m
42
Arranging Offices :
43
Arranging Offices :
44
Arranging Offices :
8m
6m
4m
4m
- Manager Office - Mee�ng Room
45
Arranging Offices :
8m
2.5m
4m
1.8m
- Private Office - Shared Office
46
Standard
Arranging Offices :
4m
3m
3m 4m
- Interview Room - Rest Room
47
Arranging Offices :
3m
3m
5m
3m
- Recep�on
- Supervisor Room
48
Arranging Offices :
3.50m
3.50m
6.00m
4.00m
6.00m 4.00m
7.00m 5.50m
49
Arranging Offices :
4.00m 4.00m
4.00m 4.00m
50
Matrix:
Offices
Manager Office
Secretary
Meeting Room
Office Space
Male Toilet
Female Toilet
Fun Area
Reception
+ Strong Relation
+ Fair Relation
51
Spatial program:
+ Offices
Spaces Small Medium Large
2
Manager Office 12 m
2
18 m
2
24 m
2 2 2
Secretary 9m 12 m 20 m
2 2 2
Meetings Room 18 m 24 m 32 m
2 2 2
Office Space 42 m 156 m 475 m
2 2 2
Staff Room 18 m 32 m 40 m
2 2 2
Kitchenette 4m 6m 8m
2 2 2
Toilet (Male) 8m 17 m 25m
2 2 2
Toilet (Female) 8m 17 m 25m
2 2 2
Waiting Areas 6m 12 m 16 m
2 2 2
Reception 6m 9m 12 m
52
Core:
Atrium core Double core Exterior core Off center core Central Core
53
Elevator:
54
Elevator:
55
Office furniture:
13 m
9m
56
Office furniture:
57
Office furniture:
2.8m
4000
1450
3.2 m
58
Meeting room:
59
W.C.:
60
Standard
Stairs:
61
Project analysis Standard
Standard
Stairs:
Quarter-Turn Stairs
Three-Quarter-Turn Stairs
Emergency ladder
Quarter Landing Stairs
62
Project analysis Civil defense requirements
Standard
Corridor:
The net width of the ways to escape in meters
Number of people
30.0M 30.0M
100 150 200 250 300

2.00M
Doors and
passages 0.80 0.85 1.00 1.00 1.50
stairs 0.75 1.00 1.30 1.30 3.00

1.50M
- Two Lane Corridor

- One Lane Corridor
1.2m
PROTICTED AREA
63
- The depth of the Tread must not be less than 28 cm

and the height of the Rise should be between 15 to 18 cm
0.28m
0.15m -0.18m
- The height of the emergency exits must not be less than 2.2 meters
2.2m
- Emergency doors must be opened in the direction of escape
64
The building shall be provided with two escape lanes as a minimum that serve all roles.
Emergency exits
200 persons 300 persons 500 persons 750 persons

1000 persons
2 Emergency exits 2 Emergency exits 2 Emergency exits 3Emergency exits 4Emergency exits
0.90m width 1.22m width 1.52m width 1.52m width 1.52m width
65
The building shall contain a minimum of two escape lanes that

serve all floors
(30 m)
#2
2.40M 2.40M
2.00M
66
C) Sources of extinguishing water A) Moving hose reels
The building must be equipped with the following fire fighting

means and equipment
D) water sprinkler B) Manual fire extinguishers
67
Project analysis Municipality regulations
Parking:
90ᵒ 60ᵒ
Types of
Parkings
45ᵒ 30ᵒ
68
90ᵒ
Parking:
6m
3m
7.6m
7.6m
7.6m

69
60ᵒ
Parking:
5.4m
5.4m
5.4m
One way

70
Parking:
45ᵒ
4.2m
4.2m
4.2m

71
Parking:
30ᵒ
4m
4m
4m

72
Parking:
6m 6m
Longitudinal parking positons compared with the sidewalk space at the turn
7.5m
3.5 m 3.5 m
2.5 m
The minimum width of the entrance of the parking lots is 3.5 meters if the walk is one-way The height of the entrance and exits should not be less than 2.5 m while the floor not less than 2.2 m
73
Parking: 0.6m
Sidewalk Sidewalk
- Parking for people with special needs needs

more space than normal parking spaces
Offices
6m
- The number of parking spaces for people
with special needs must not be less than two
1 Parking positions in the surface parking positions
/70 sqm
- Slopes should be placed at a width of

3.6m 0.6 meters and closer to the position
of people with special needs
74
Parking: A)
2.5m
Separate parking in the recoil yard from the road with sidewalks
3.5m
B)
- Positions in the recoil space without a separating berth as the recoil
area is located in the intersection area so the first parking place
should be 9 meters away
12m
- and the beginning of the waiting areas at the intersection exit
should be 12 meters
9m
C)
- The width of the entrance or exit must not be less
than 3.5 meters
3.5m 7.5m
- If the entrance and exit together are from one slot,

the minimum width of the slot is 7.5 meters
3.5m 7.5m
- with a separating island having a width

of not less than 0.5 meters.
75
Setback:
Stories Recoil
- from one floor to four - 3m
- from five to eight - 2m
- from nine to 12 - 5m
- Heights over 12 - 5m
The net floor in administrative buildings shall not be less than 3 meters. It is no more than 4.5
meters.
The allowable recoil in repeated floors shall not be less than 2 m from the side of the neighbor
76
Setback:
The recoil increases by (2 to 5 m) as the height increases
In areas greater than 3000 square meters, heights are allowed for any number of floors as
long as the flat construction factor is adhered to
The net floor in

administrative buildings
Max 4.5m 3 shall not be less than
meters. It is no more than
meters 4.5
Min 3m
77
Theoretical Project Site analysis
framework analysis
78
Site analysis First site
Location & Dimentions:
Location Coordinates 21°34'28.9"N 39°08'51.2"E

Areas
Land = 2400 sqm
N
45m
25m
Saudi Arabia Jeddah City
56m
21m
Co
rni
che
Ro
ad
Al Ruwais Dist. Corniche St.

79
Sun path & Wind direction:
Wind Direction Sun Path

N N
W E W E
The Windcame from the Sunlight arrives at the building
North-West, so we can make from the South and
an outdoor space on South-West.
North-West & West Side.
S S
Average temperature JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
39 39
37 38 38 37
35
32 33
31
29 30
28
27 27
25
24 24 23
22
20 20
19 19
1 Resource :
https://windy.app, windfinder.com, gaisma.com
80
Sun path & Wind direction:
Legend:
Sun Path
Wind Direction
Location
81
Land use & Acessability :
Legend:
oad
niche R
Land Area Major commercial hubs Cor
sea water The main roads

sea water Marine areas
Garden Tourist adminstrative residential Corn
iche
Road
Location
1 almueadi
2 Corniche Road
Resource :
google map customizer
82
Surrounding:
Jeddah Commercial Center Office Building Office Building
Retail + Office 4Floors Retail + Office 3 Floors Office 5 Floors
N N N
Project Land Example Location

83
Traffic:
N
Roads
The location is on the main street which means we have a lot
of traffic and noises and sub-streets that have a less traffic
and noises.
d
Legend: Roa
niche
Cor
1 High rate of Traffic 2 Medium rate of Traffic
3 Low rate of Traffic Location
Corn
Noise iche
Road
The picture shows that Al-Jazeera Street is the

least noisy due to the little traffic there
Then comes Maadi Street, in which the
movement is continuing due to its connection
between the Corniche Road and Al-Andalus
Road
The most disturbing road is the Corniche Road,
which has traffic throughout the day and hour
due to the sea
LOW NOISE MEDIUM NOISE HIGH NOISE
Resource :
84 google map customizer

Surrounding :
Vegetation N
In the analysis of the vegetation cover on the

site, the vegetation cover areas are reduced in
the area, and there is a garden in front of the
eastern facade of the project
Land Area Side Walk Green Area Corn

iche
Road
Pedestrian traffic
Pedestrian traffic is increasing in the area due
to the large number of people walking around
the project to practice sports
85
Resource :
Views:
N N
THE VIEW FROM INSIDE TO OUTSIDE THE VIEW FROM INSIDE TO OUTSIDE
The exterior views of the building are shown here from three angles and The four pictures show us what will be seen from outside the building, how
how the building is surrounded by three streets, two of which are the sun rays will be on it, and how the building will appear to pedestrians
important
86
Site analysis Second site
Location& DAimention
N N
Area: 30 x 66.6 = 2000m2
N
40 m Al Batarji road
30 m 2000 m2
Saudi Arabia Jeddah City
66.6 m
N N
25 m
Ahmad Al attas road

Al zahra Dist. The Location
1 Resource :
87
Sunpath&Wind direction:
N
Legend:
From NW
Wind Direction
Sun Path
Location
Al Batarji road
W E
Ahmad Al attas road

1 Resource :
88
Sunpath&Wind direction:
Wind Direction Sun Path

N N
W E W E
The Windcame from the Sunlight arrives at the building
North-West, so we can make from the South and
an outdoor space on South-West.
North-West & West Side.
S S
Average temperature JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
39 39
37 38 38 37
35
32 33
31
29 30
28
27 27
25
24 24 23
22
20 20
19 19
1 Resource :
https://windy.app, windfinder.com, gaisma.com
89
Land use & Acessability:

N
4
Legend:
Residential-villas Residential-Apartments
Residential-Mix Special
Parks Education
3
Location
1 Ahmad Al attas road
2 King Abdulaziz road
3 Al Batarji road
4 Prince Sultan Road

2 1
4
1 Resource :
90
Traffic:
Roads N
The location is on the main street which means we have a lot
of traffic and noises and sub-streets that have a less traffic
and noises.
Legend:
Width: 40m
1 High rate of Traffic 2 Medium rate of Traffic Tracks: 6 ( 3 in - 3 out )
4 ( 2 in - 2 out ) Services
3 Low rate of Traffic Location

Al Batarji road
Parking
The building should have a basement for parking depending
on all the floors of the building and maybe a parking with a
specific degree based on the design and the limits of the site.
Ahmad Al attas road

Width: 25m
Tracks: 6 ( 3 in - 3 out )
Parking Types :
o o o o o
45 90 180 Double 45 Parking Double 90 Parking
1 Resource :
91
Regulation:
Area: 30 x 66.6 = 2000m2

Legend: N
Location Residential-villas Residential-Mix
40 m Al Batarji road
30 m 2000 m2
Maxi. floors number: 6 floors with 3 FAR, or 5 floors with 60% build up ratio.
66.6 m
Mini. height of the floors: 3 to 4.5 m for the frequent floors, 2.2 to 2.5 m for the mezzanine.
basement should not be less than 2.2 m and not more than the street level by more than 1.5 m.
Parking floors height: 2.2 to 2.5 m if there is no electrical station on the ground floor, and from 25 m
2.2 to 3 m if there is.
setback from the streets: 4 m in the residential area, and 3 m around the 6 to 8 floors building.
Ahmad Al attas road

Car parking for needed functions must be provided in the building or outside within 150 m
around it, and it can be public or private.
It is allowed to construct one parking floor for a building with 4 floors and less.
It is allowed making building annex with an area of 50% of the surface area.
92

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King Abdulaziz University 20

Architecture and Planning Faculty

This study explores the relationship between flexibility and

Theoretical Project analy- Site analy-

Flexibility in architecture, refers to the ability of a building to

This involves changing the function of a building through a certain

This allows for the interior or exterior space to be

Organization of space in architecture is fundamental to

Clustered organization rely on 1- Centralized Organization:

Radial organization are effectively a

1- Spaces linked by a common space

Two spaces may rely on an intermediary

4- Space within a space 2- Interlocking space

A space may be contained The field of a space may overlap the

Two spaces may share a Resource :

How to reach flexibility in organization

modularity is the degree to which a system's components

an amount of something used as a standard of measure-

BIG Unveils Mixed-Use

any body of connected parts that is designed to bear

structural grid is defined principally by column positions and the main

* Square, Rectangular and Tartan grids are

* They grow in a predictable manner

* A regular grid improves construction effi-

* Modifying grids, By addition / subtraction

Relation between architecture

Self sopport Separation of Integration

The form of the structure is closely related to the

-BEAMS ARE PLACED UNDER -wall is a structure that

-COLUMNS ARE A VERY IMPORTANT PART

-the element of a structure which -ITS A LARGE CONCRETE FLOOR

ISOLATED COMBINED STRAP RAFT STRIP

Tied Column Spiral Column

delays axial load failure (ductile).

DROPPED INVERTED HIDDEN

15 -30 CM 10 -20 CM 15 - 30 CM 7-10 CM

FLAT SLAB SOLID SLAB HOLLOW SLAB WAFFLE SLAB

THEIR COLUMN UNIFORM THICKNESS USED AS RACEWAYS RIBS IN TWO

-HIGH COST -NOISE ABSORPATION IS -HIGH COST.

LOAD BEARING RAFT-SHEAR RETAINING

Nakagin Capsule Tower

Nakagin Capsule Tower

Moderate Nakagin Capsule Tower

A structure used primarily for the conduct of business

Office building in general differ from each other in terms of size

* It is difficult to estimate or predict the

Flexibility on building level:

Flexibility on building Units:

Individual units Gaming space

Meeting room Training space

Reception Open space Announsment

Yearly Monthly Daily

Flexibility on building Units:

Privacy Privacy Privacy

Individual units Meeting room Open space

Privacy Privacy Privacy

Bathroom Main circulation Reception

Individual units Meeting room Open space

view view Natural lighting

Training space Gaming space Announsment space

view view Natural lighting view Natural lighting

0.6 Meters , 1 module

9.6 Meters , 16 modules