Skeletal Outline

Practice Problems
e-1(s) transferred from Metals to non-metals to form ions

How do ions keep themselves together?

Forces of attraction between ions

Covalent bonds are form from the shared electrons and they for a molecular compound

The valence electrons are the electrons involve in the chemical reaction in last energy level
and are the electrons on outermost level

Each atom involved in a chemical reaction wants to accomplish the noble configuration

When the difference in electronegativity between 2 atoms bonded is > 2.0 the bond is
_____________, when the difference in electronegativity between to atoms bonded is 0.5 < and
< 1.9 the bond is ____________________ and when the difference in electronegativity is < than
0.4 the bond is _____________________

• In each pair of bonds, indicate the more polar bond by using an arrow ( ) to show the
polarity (positive to negative) in each bond. Indicate the δ+ and δ - element and draw
and arrow from the δ+ to the δ-.

• C-O and C-N

• How does the electronegativity difference between the atoms in a covalent bond affect
the polarity of the bond?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

• Arrange the following individual bonds in order of increasing polarity using

electronegativities of atoms. Indicate the partial charges for the bonds using the symbols
-
δ+ and δ .
H-F, H-C, H-H _______________________________

• Use the concept of potential energy to describe how a covalent bond forms between
two atoms.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________