Türkçe ve Dünya

HOW TO CHOOSE THE SUFFIXES?

Two categories of the suffixes are in question: –e/a type and –ı/i type

The suffixes of -e/a type always vary in these two forms:

-e/-a,
-ler/lar,
-den/dan,
etc. etc.

The suffixes of –ı/i type always vary in four forms:

-ı/i/u/ü,
-lı/li/lu/lü,
-ın/in/un/ün
etc. etc.

We always take care about the last vowel of the word to decide on the suffix variation.
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What to do with the suffixes of –e/a type?

You must choose the variation with “…a…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: a, ı, o, u

You must choose the variation with “…e…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: e, i, ö, ü

I am going to use the “-ler/-lar” suffix to give examples – it’s the pluralising suffix.

duvar + ler/lar  duvarlar

kapı + ler/lar  kapılar
telefon + ler/lar  telefonlar
imparatorluk + ler/lar  imparatorluklar

The variation with “..a..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are a, ı, o, u.
duvar (wall), kapı (1door, 2gate), telefon (telephone), imparatorluk (empire),

efsane + ler/lar  efsaneler

yetişkin + ler/lar  yetişkinler
göl + ler/lar  göller
üzüm + ler/lar  üzümler

The variation with “..e..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are e, i, ö, ü.
efsane (legend), yetişkin (adult), göl (lake), üzüm (grape)
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What to do with the suffixes of –ı/i/u/ü type?

You must choose the variation with “…ı…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: a, ı

You must choose the variation with “…i…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: e, i

You must choose the variation with “…u…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: o, u

You must choose the variation with “…ü…” if the last vowel of the word is one of these
ones: ö, ü

I am going to use the “-lık/lik/luk/lük” suffix to give examples .

vatandaş + lık/lik/luk/lük  vatandaşlık

kıt + lık/lik/luk/lük  kıtlık
The variation with “..ı..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are “a” or “ı”.
vatandaş – vatandaşlık citizen – citizenship
kıt – kıtlık insufficient, scant – famine

güzel + lık/lik/luk/lük  güzellik

fakir + lık/lik/luk/lük  fakirlik
The variation with “..i..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are e, i.
güzel – güzellik beautiful – beauty
fakir – fakirlik poor – poverty

zor + lık/lik/luk/lük  zorluk

mutlu + lık/lik/luk/lük  mutluluk
The variation with “..u..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are o, u.
zor – zorluk difficult – difficulty
mutlu - mutluluk happy – happiness

söz + lık/lik/luk/lük  sözlük

gün + lık/lik/luk/lük  günlük
The variation with “..ü..” was preferred because the last vowels of these are o, u.
söz – sözlük word, speech - dictionary
gün – günlük day – 1daily, 2diary