ISSN 0002-3388 Homep 6 Hos6ppb - lexa6pb 2007 [k=] One O e100 B AC. h ats TEOPUA UYU CUCTEMbI PAR e201 baMSDECTIBS PAL, TEOPHA Ht CHCTEMM YRPABAEHIA, 2007, ¥ 6, ¢. 711% MCKYCCTBEHHBIM WATEIAEKT YAK 65801201 KBAHTOBbIM HEYETKH BbIBO! [JI COSIAHHA BA3 3HAHHI B POBACTHBIX HHTEIEKTYAIBHBIX PETYATOPAX ©2007 r. JL. B. Jwremmuesa, H.C. Yananon, C. B. Yananoe, C. C. Yanano8 Mocwea, OOO "MET KBAHT” Tlocrymita » peaaxnino 19.01.06 r., none nopasioren 23.08.47 156 Anais pesyanratos soxeauposatin, NoayeMHBIX Ha OCHOSE TeXMOIOCHi Mark BENHICTENA, HOSBO- [ni yeranonier® cneayioulutt (PakT, RAKKUI Ana PaspaGOTKE TExKONOTUT APoeKTHpORAMHN POSACTHIX uurenmextyanyunix cuCTeN Yupaatonnse. CupoexTaponaimite (# OOUIEN RijLe AME EHyAILUDIN yENowAR) poSactumle HeveTKME DeryABTOPK AA ANHANHMECKKX OGBEKTOR yMpABTENHA Ha OCHOKE ONTANIESATOPA Gas snawt (gram | TeXHonOrH) € neMOABsOBANHEN NBITKAX BONUREICHAT MOLY sdypeKTHSHO Gy AKUIO- HUpOHITS TOTBKO MPH qNKCHPORAMHIX (i111 C100 WIMCHAKOMNNCS!) OMLICANINSN RETA Cpe aL. ITO OOyeHORIEHO BOaMOAKHIOT NOTEpE! cRo‘ieTRA PodCTHOCTIE MPH pedKOM HaNENEHIN YenonMi —pYHIKENONH Donaier OGHeKTOR yrpanActiHA: AHYTPCHNCH CTPYKTYPHI OOWEKTOR YMpABNEKIIA. Ue Yuypawre HNN (3- AoMero cHTNANA). NAHI EPHEMERA saePAKU R KANAIIAX WaMepeHUON a YHPaK.LeM, NPA wapHaLGEN Yyenopni py KWIONNpOR.IUK RO BHEUINeR cpexe H ABEeHIEL APYEUX caAGo cpopsasnaoKAMbIX dpakTOPOR ‘crpatermio ynpasaemua, B cratie ao onvicanne crpaver us ipoeKeHponatiia poSACTHIAX CTPYETYP Hit TeAeKTyaLHHOM CHETEN! yiIpsHlelN, OCHORAMMOH Hk TEXHOAOTHG KBAHTOBBIN Ht WATKIN BbINHCTENIH PaspaOovannas erpateris 1OHOI4eT NOMKICHTs ypoveHE POGACTHOCTH HeeTKNX PerysIxTOpO! IIpH YK saunetx nenpenBrjenisix sau e120 copMaaisowAHHEIX cPakTOPAX 3a CET GOPMKPORAIIGT HETONIO- aH! HOUEIX BMJIOB MpOUECcON caMOOPT ANIFaAIGHHE POORCTHOH OaIH1 ssaMUHT, € NOMOUIDIO METOROAOTHI natironbix sbisticaeNail. [Ipmue.cetet HCOOXOMNDIE CHCIICHNN 1 TCOPMHE KBEHTOBBIX BeIMACHIEHI, KB ‘TORLIK asIrOpITEMOW H KuSHTOMOT! TeOpI HaKpOpNEAILAK, KOHKPeTHOE Pewlente AAO; MPOG NEMA YOCTH= aero 3a CHET wuewenus OGOOuLeHIM CTpATETIIT A MONENEX HEMETKOTO BKIROIA Ha KOHEMHION MHOECTUE upeawapurrestsHo cupoekTapondililas HeMETKHX PeTYAATOPOR B BITE HOBOFO. KeunModoe” NeweMnKe20 lehicodd, OunichinaeTca npHEWINNANDHaN CTPYXTYPA TOGIEAME!O HELO UPOrPAMMMA HOMEP:AKE B UPO- hueceax ipoekrHponaHes: Gash JAAN POOACTHEA HEMETKEX PeryAXTOPOR K PEXIME Pea sOrO RPEMei TAKE CHCTEMA MOJEsIMPORANI POOACTHRIX CTPYKTYP M OCTPHPYETEA Ma KOMTKPETHON IIpusepe MoxcAHpOBANH PO~ CYIAECTHCHHO-HEAMHEHHBISE AUBAMIMIECKM OGEKTOM yMIpaAwLieMIA CO HoH KEAHTOBOTO HENCTROTO BhIBORA Gacratex upoucccon ynpanner cenyaalino seenmioniedtea eTpykTypoi. Buexenne, B cnoxkibix it cyutectrenno-Henmret- HEIN, ANHAMIECKHX MORCAAS OOVERTOD YIpABACHLI (OY) co cnaGo chopsatirsonanmosi crpyxtypos ci aiiibiNsH napameTpamHt AOCTATONHO TpYAHO Onpene- ste o1ttusetatatyio erpyktypy entcTeNb1 abTostaTIe- cxaro ynpannenia (CAY), 8 KoTopoM ficnonbaycTes Ha HIPRHEM (iHeTOMBIFTEBHOM) ypoBHe yhpapteHtsa, Ha- ApHMep. TpaymmOMABTL MpoMopuHoMAADAA MATE ponmepxpepermupyrounsit (ILA) peryartop. Ocoser- ho 97a TPYANOCTE NPOABAALTEA D SaRAIAN MPOEKTHPO- hanna erpyxtyp nozobworo muna CAY p mpueyreran PASMMLIHDIX HO CHOI CTATECTHMECKOH MPHPONE SiOx MYMOB HL HEMOAUO! umKpopMEUUEL O METS ynpanacnn. Merojoaoria npockraposamit witeasextyane uioit cucrentn! ynparstenns (ACY), ockonanias ia Tex- MOMOFHHE MAFKIX BbIHCHEHMI, PACCNETPUBLET B KANE- crue Germca cIpykTypy Heuerkoro peryaurropa (HP) ak ON 1B SapHanTTOB MpoeKTHpopaTlita TpAzTUIHON ubix CAY. C camoro MONeHTs cHOCTO. NoABACHIIS (1974 .) Mogean HP gesonerpapyior nonniuienivio, enocoGuocr. yupaiciun jumanumecknn OY, Koro- n eTKtix peryasropon. SepepexrunTiocTie Mpive pire oGaaror enado qopxamsonainod erpyetypois Ham dhyHKIMOMMpYIOT B YeTORHSAX HeonpesereNiOCTH exonHoir mnebopsianm. Kax noxasata npaktiga n pe- AYABTATHE MOTETHPORAKN, B MEpeUNCTeHHBIX CHTYA- Tusk YnpaRTENHS TPAAHIMONMMI (Ha OCHORE MPs Ta rnoGansHO!, OTpHMLATEABHOM OOpaTHot CEH) UI JL-peryaarop acto ne enpasaretea ¢ nocrapaen- ho sauaett yrpapitena, Hicuoansoeauite TeXkOn0- FH SOIFKUN BOIMICTEHIAH (OCHOBARHOMK Ha reHeTHEIE- esx anropirtonas (TA) neveTkIEs HeMiponmprs cevaN (HHO) pactmapiuto oGaaciu a¢pepexrusnoro npunte: renin HP 5a caer roGanacnna Hospi chyna nue ‘ody steHnia H aarrTaiuM. OnkaKO MPH TOM OMEN TPT Ho enpoekTuposaTe rm0GaTLHO "XopOUIy!O” H poGucT- yo expyktypy HCY. Hamioe orpannsenme ocosenno XapatepHo jaa HeMpeABINTCHHTS cHTYauHEE yNPARAC mu, korna OY chymxigiompyer w peako iaenso- LUNN YeTOBIDNK (OKA /ATHMIKOR HL HY B HBSEPI- ‘Tenbmofi cncTene, Hamme npeMterin sanepaRKi eHTTTa- OB YNPABNEHKA HUME HBMEPEHIIR, pesKOE TEMEHEHE expyktyptr OY seas ce smapanserposs ar.)B pane npaxruveckux cay 4aen Takoro posta yoro- Bist MOryT OhITh NpeyeKasaHbl, HO TPYNHO pea4s0- aT» poSactiioe ynpaazeme B HeNpeaBHEMMDKS cHTY AMUSE Ha OcHOBE cHpoeKTAPOBALLO (UI uKeIpO- narmoit cirTyauim) Oasbt 3HaKuit (B3) omworo HP Giarke wa ncews wmoxecrRe) MpeseKarsaumir cays nix cutyaruni, Osmin m3 cymecrayromux penresni mpencrannaerca cpopsmponarine KonewHoro Hea BB HP aaa suroxecroa ¢hnxcuponaniteix cirryaumni ynpas- Bosnukaer voupoc: kax onpedeaumt Kaxan us BS Ova Grune ucnoawsoeana 6 KouKpemrotii omen apexenut? B 3T0M caysiae OCOOYIO KAKHIOCTS IPHOOpE- ‘Tact BbIGop OGOGUTeHHOM cTpaTerHn, KOTOPAA jamAsta Gk AOIMOKHOCTE HlepexMOMAT HOTOK YNPABIAIOUIX curHaION, HOCtyHaloMUNS ¢ BEIXOAA paxmEMbIX BS HP, (ec HeOGxoMNNO) MORK MUUNPOKATH HX BHIXONT oft cian nog TekyuuHe Yeaousta c>YHKUAONUpODATTA OY. Tipocrbint wapiiairront pemtenHs ITOH NPOGAENtit snsvieTca nena icagnalie MeTOMa faneleTEIX HecOR H ATPerHpowAHDA BINOAIDX CMFIALTOB OT KaPAIOTO HEA ucimoro HP. Ho, « coxaTeHHMo, Tako MeTON (KAK ToKaxannt pesynsraT! MONeMMpOBAAIA) HMEET Orpa~ HIMHEILIE BOSMOAHIOCTH, TAK KAK pacnpemenenue Be- connix chakTOpOB ACT HEOOXOAHMO ONpene Ns BN WaMmke peatbuoro spemert (eM. Hipke H | L, 2) ¥1TPO- uueaypa louicka HOCK? KOMGHHaTOpHBIM XApakTep, 1. HO peUutennte FaKOrO posta HPO Gacm Moker Guin nalieHO Ha OcHONE RHE; MPLA TIA caMOOpraKisALUMN & MOUECe MpoEKTUpOBAKHS 53 HP, Koroppiit peanayerea # mporpasmo nosiep- amare paypaGorantolk Memeo KRANTOROTO Te eTHoro abtbona (KB) ¢ npuMenentien MeTono.nor AXBAMTOHDIN NGATKUX BUI'NMCTICHHL H CHCTENLIOM mK ucpitt— System of Systems Engineering. venostsayst cnt- neprenieckii mpnnuom castoopramsaunt (3 B vactioern, peanmaatms mpontecea camooprann- aauun poSactabrx B3 npn TaKOM noAXOTe acytHIecTs- SIgeTER 44 CHET OGUOUIEIA ETPATETII HEMETKOLO s10- rasecxoro ntinoxa 6 site KHB. Onnenisacren crpyktypa KHB u crictema Monenmponannst podact- ix BS naa HP, saaioerpupyioutan axpipextuptrocrn npaveneuns KHB. Moye paspaGorannoro KHB paceMarpunaeTes KAK HOBbIM BINA MOHCKOBOTO KEAN ‘TOROPO ZUIFOpHETAKA a OGOGIENVON UpOctpaHcrEe B3 HP. # Kak BLixomHoti peaynnrar npoeKTHpyeres oGoSmeHNBTE poSacrHDH CArHaN ynpanzeH Tipenmaracaass crarke Mone KHB nenoabsyer wactapre neHBnayanbabte BS HP. Kaxnax 13 KOTO PAIS MonyHeHa C MOMOMALIO OIFTHMMsATOPA Oats ‘sHa- tii (OBS) xa conrpereraytomIrE yestOwUE e>yAKUN- Berarwe noxa omnposanns OY u ibuxcuposanisias carryanits yup: renin v0 eeumet cay4aimoit cpene. Tporece Mpockruporaiist tacrHbix wHsuBuayarbAbKX B3 HP ¢ HoMOULIo OBS jas aatanmeex curyanpit ynpannentst Ocymect#ss1e TCH B COOTBETCTBHI ¢ TeXHOMOTHET TPO eX THpopansts 1 noxpodxo paceMorpex [1.6] (eM. B [7] pue. 3. 9ran 2), VSBECIHH PALL IMTBHHLEBA 1 ap. B sacruocru, 8 [7] ¥a ochose cpabiiemua pesyanra- ‘Tow Mojlenuponaruss, uonysenmbtx B [1, 6], oKaxAH0, ‘yo mpi RocTaTOMIO HpOKOM jWANaIOHE HANCHCHIE apaMeTpos, xapakTepiayiouUtK sadawnyi0 CHTYAMiO yopanaenns, Ob3 nacr eyinecTnemtnait mbAurpbALA (HO epamnemo ¢ apyrnsns nporpasestsive naterpyMenTa- HAND) NH ROCTIEKCHT » HpoeK'THpOBAINE TpeBye- Moro yponns posacrwocts: 53. JIpyrae npowpnnute iMbte HiferpyMetrrapnt cbopwunposania B3, Take, Kax HEC ANFIS (nerpociinii Moayars B cucremy woeai popanita Marila6) nan AFM (paspaGorka ST Micto- electronics [6]) 1 ap...Kak erporo noKasaHo 6 (7), oG:1a- AKT MOBBILEHHON HYBCTHITEAKHOCTSIO, 110 CpapHe: mmo ¢ nicrpyMenrapnen OB3, x wsettenmo apamerpos (xapakTepmyrounnx 2anaRHYO ciTyAMHO ynbasstemia) 1 mpHpoaaT K ToTepe pobacTriocTH ynpannenns. B pesyatrare 8 dbukcupowaunetx cry tuwax ynpanzestis HP ¢ BS (cnpoexTaposaribic ¢ m10- Momo OBS) oOaanaioT nopsmtreRHO! poacTHo- CTHIO, COOTHETCTUyIOMMLE JAKOUE YApABACHH CONeD- KAT MEHBIUE AA6biMOWKO! uEdopsanaEL H OSTOMY Nontombayiores » KaseCTBE BxOgHOrO cHFHamA AlAs KHB, (6 coormercraum ¢ paspa6orannioit TexHosiorucit npo- exTuponaninta pobactHbix BS [7, pac. 3). Caeayer nomiepkny!n. 10 HaAnHe 136BITOHO- cent michopsauimn 8 saKoHax ynpaBTeHnin ABNeTeH quaiiccKoi ovextmsHOCTBIO, KOTOPAA NPHCYTCTD| ef BestencrHne HenOTEIOBAINI B MPOULCcAX OMT sain B3 cnystaminoro doeKa p anne PA, a TawKe ceayer 13 sKOHON TLOpHH MHKpOpALAUt O WeOGxO- UMOCTIC HATHA MBODITOMMOCTA B HEHAMEAKTIN Ki HLTA MepesAHH saMMTSIX C HOMEXANEH, ITO HEITBOEK- Hast TeIATA 3a BOAMOAHOCH, NOAysHITL, PeMIENIE 3a OMTuNaTHOTO. YnpaRieMN cyiecTREHO-RemMHCiIe im OY yenonnax neonpeseneanocrH HeXOAKOs si chopmauien W MHOroxpirrepsaneHOcTi: yenowin OnrrH- ura B caysac nenpexpnetcrnioit ciryaumt ynpanstetia RONOAHTTETBHAT IORTOUHOCTE NEDOPMANIIT B-3AKO- ax ynpawaenns HP nosmaacron Kak CyMMapmbtit pe- synbrar KearexnaTRon peaKttnmt OY (B uiyle HoWOIt OWIHOKH ynpanaeHtia) 1 zorImeeKN HeKOPpexTHO! mn repuperani icrinayeneaso HP sung. misanut cO- orperernytoniix nponvxtuiomisix nani 8 B3 (o6y NelNIGIX TombKO Ha sabe CHTYALNH yNpABNEHNS). Monet. KHB npescrasnser co6oft Honpiit ai Knartronoro mlortekoRoro anropirtyta Ha OGOGUIEHROM, UPOCKpANCT¥e CIPYKTYPUPORANALIX AAHMDIN HHL OC- HORE MeToAOB TeOpHN KnareTORHIX Racer [S—10} nossuaaer adqbexTiBHO petar saskam ynpaRaeHn panee anropriryirtecki tepaspemmprx Ha KiTaccHe- ‘ekOM ypouile, Paspaderraiibiti oxxos, BILEpBLAE Mp! Menseres nTeopin H npaktuxe HCY. Fosromy a CTOmuLAA CTaToR ABTAIETCH OGOGUILHITEM it parsuirrHest peayatsraron [1.2.6.7]. Tipumedanne 1 C Toakn spemus reopii CHOKHOCTHH BHISTHETEHNH H_KBAKFFOROTO aaropHTNAa (KA) [8-10], parspaGorarmpil KA ornocarrea x Knaccy FLOPHA H CHCIEMBL YIPABNEHMA Ni 2007KBAHTOBBI/ HEYETKHA BbIBOH 1s COSA BAS 3HAHHE B TOaMHOMHaAHKIX AnropHTMOR ¢ _orpautsenon oumoKolt — BPP-kaaccy (bounded-error probabilistic polynomial time), 2 ero ksarToBoe oGoGuteHKe — K BOP- knaccy. Tlostomy nto onperercnito anaaeren a¢xbox ‘TuBHEIM. ro OsHattaeT, Hro crpykrypio KA & KHB MCOT TOAMHONILAMLEYIO CTOAHOCTS, T.e, PaHTONOBI- ponanttit aaropit obnaiaer roanHoMHaABNO, a te OKCTONCHIYAATEHOM (KAK B KGCCHHECKHX. HOMCKOBLIS AnropinMax) sanitCHMOCTBIO OT BXOAHEIS CHTHATOS, a orpaiirseniion Beposttiocnst (tio ypoetto 3/4) To¥HO- 7m WaMepeMiin pesysnTaTa KoIMICNEHH LOCTATONHO na mipmnartia epepeKTuBHOrD pewter B npeasoxennoil moaem KA ana KHB peaansy- fores caejyrouute jericrans [3-5]: 1) oG pacers 6A peayAUTATHI HEMETKOTO BoInOAA KAXMOTO TesAH- cuiiord HP: 2) ta ocnoge MeToz08 KRAHTOROM TeOpItt incbopMauwint nsBIeKaeTeR UeIIKaA KoaHTORAI cpopaaris, ckpirTast & esABHeMMENX (HHMTHBITYATE- bts) BS: 3) B pextime peaabHoro BpeMeHH NpoeKTH- pyerea oGoGule HUA siINonHOM poGacrHAi curHaN Yinpaptenia wa acex suoxxectBax B3 HP. B stom cnysae pbixoasoii curriaa KHB 9 pexswe peATRHOrO BpeMeHH TpencTamMACT oxrTEMAmMATEH CHT Maa ynpapaetia wntenennen Kosdebiuseno8 Yertte ius FTHT-peryasropa, xoTopsrit BKTHNIAeT B CeO He- oGxoanMbte (Haraysume) KaviecTBentibte XapakTepH- CTHKIE BBIXOANIX CUFKAIOR yNpARIEHHER KIVKNOLO 14 HP, peaniays Tes cabins npn caroopraksrsauit, Tosromy oGaacrn adxpextasnoro «pymkrmormposa- sans ctpyktypht HCY worxer Gwits eymecrnenmo pac Umpena 3a Cer BK MOYEN TaKOF BALKIIOM xapaKT PUCTHKH KaMeCTDA ynpanNeNss, KAK podacmocme. PogacTHocTs ynpasiaioMero cHrHasia ~ ocHOBA 28 HoWyePAKH HAAHOCTHL H-TOMMOCTHS ynpaRACHIS R yenopnrax neonpereacntocri mebopManttt ian Crain @opwarizowamtoro omucanns yenosuit ¢yuKAHOM posantia wit eneit ynpasaccetts [7] B crarbe omichinaeros npunupinitambHa CxpyKty- pa KHB wt cro mporpansmaa noasepaska 8 npotteccax Npoexruposanitt BS poGactHbix. cawoopranisyio- utuxer HP peaxume peaabioro spementt. B 'acTtto- Crit, punesteHa cbyukuoHALtoHa® crpykTypa cucT wb MoneMMpoBaHiia pooactHbIx B3 jun HP. nosBo.ts- foUlaa nopsiciT® axbepexTuptocr npinvcuemit: KEB. CoodmaroTe NeOOXO|INBIC CbEReHIR M3 TeOpHT KBAHTOBHIX BUHCAEHTTT Ht KBAHTOBOA TeopHE untpop- MANN, HeOmAYeMBIe sa PaspaoTKH H OGoCHOR- us erpyxtypbt KA » KBH, 1. Hocramonka saxaun, Onwot 1 ocxonmenx sas conpeMemoit Texnoaorut npoexTnponaaiis HP ao- aneres noctpoeiue W nieapenne poGacrunn B3 erpyktypsr HCY [I] cteani0 nonsamenis Hx cirocoG- HOCTH k caMooGysieHitl, caMoasurtrayiul, caMOOpra- urgautsa nam caopasnirrto. B eastat ¢ THN paRTOM B CTaThe CTaBINTeA ecteayioutat Jas: paspaGora Moueab KHB gis nocrpoetist poodacrabix B3 nik TeTIeKTYANBHOIX PeryaTOpAX, _OGeettesuABALOULN AOCTIDKEIINE TapaNTUpoRAMIOT. yupawNeHHs B HE- M3BECTHA PAK. LEOPHSt H CHCTEMBI YOPABARHICA peABITEMMEBIX (BHEUITATHEIN) cHTYAMSX yrpanne- ita, Penicrme nator sane mpabomT, B KoHesIOM, ‘cuete, K HoBbIiMeHTIO ypoRHs PoOAcTHOCTH CTPYKTY= per HCY Bonpocos mpoexruposairia crpykryppt w BS cawo- ro mfrernextyaanior HP jx sayannoit curryani _yipabstcHti paceatarpunasnice p panimtx nyOmKAMIS ABTopOs (eM. ospootioe onttcante B [], 6. 7}) 8 aH Holt paGore HcTOABsyKOTCA KAK MCKOAHLE ame. B uacruocrit, 8 (7, prc. 1, 2] noxpoono npencranaeHo B3aNMOOTHOMIEHME MEALY MepaM KaeCTBA YaDAB- sein H THMIAMHL MACTPYMEHTapHA HTETTERTYATE- HbIx BhIMCACIM, BuinH necreAOBANs! TAKE CRASH MEKAY YCTOMBOCTHIO, YNPARAREMOCTHIO H POSACT- HOCTHIG Ha CHOBE TepMORMEAMIFeCKOrO MoRXON 17. puc. 1, yponens 1 i pic. 3], Cooreererayiommie Ko- AWHECTBEHEbIe Mepb! H 3aKOHOMepnocrH naaHMORe!- (Cratos Aauanbix KpurrepieR KieecTea ynpannentis Oba KAIONERE! Mporpamamtoe oGeeeverine OBS. B cospemenno Teopin ynpasenita sicczenoRa- alte pastieiubie acnekTs! ApOUccCOR OGy HENNA A aganrauit HP, Muiorite #3 oxen odysterma ocronbina- allel, ta anropierste OGpaTHoro ”pacnpoerpaneHit ‘oummGKHt AC wrx Monteputxatosx [1]. Flpouccees amanrra- iit Ga3MipyloTes Ha IerepaTHBMIX MOLES CTOXACTH- NeckHX aTTOpItTNOs, ITH HBeH XOpoIO PaGoTANIT pH, NPOCKTHPORAHHH NPOECCOR ynpARTEHUs 8 YCNOB, oreyTeTEH cxaG0 CPopMaTHGOBALIIBIX WYMOB BKM Heit cpenor NaH REHIBECTHKIX HHYMOB & HEMEpHETeh- wort cncreme i Tat. B Gomee cnoxkHBIN HeMpeBiyen- HbIX CHTYAIUIIN YopaRAeHHs MeTOMKL OOVSCHHS I ananrausi, HeHOaLsyIoMMIe aMropHTME: OGpaTHOry pacnpocrpaeHisy OWNGKH HH wTeparHBMBIe CTOXA- creckite aaropiTMt, He TapaitrMpOwEAHE LOCTIOKL- HA TPedyemoro ypoBuA poOacrHocrH 4 TOMHOCTH poueccos ympasrennsa. SdepexTuaHoe pemteHHe nak oli mpOGaEsr c HomoUIETO OB'3 2278 KORKDETHBIX CH= ‘Tyantit ynpaaents Gnic10 paspadorauo w [1, 2, 7]. B [3] Gatto noxasatto, 0 aaa kocritxeHtA camoOp- raniauii (7, pue. |. ypowenb 3] 8 erpyxtype HCY ne ‘oGxornMo nenomsonn, KHB, OGutas qpyisiwiorant- ‘w crpyktypa Gokos KHB npenerasmena 4a pic. | TIpiatuvimst paGonit KHB 1 ero ovaeabiteix GA0KoR no- npoGuo pacemorpenbs HIKE B pasa, 5. B raGrMUe mpi Benena crpyxtypa HCY, akmouaioust Mozet KAB. onuicaitbr ce Tipemyutcersa Ht venocraren. Mozean KHB ocosatia ia cpisirieckits saKonax Teopint Kaan ‘Towbix Bbrmcncunit (8-10), a ueKO HenOADSytoTER yieeaputite, oGparinnie KNaHTOAKe onepaTopht. BOO iuem brie KA cocromr 13 Tpex ocKOBISHX yuBErApHIX Conepauiih: cyMepHosILHs: KEAHTORAH KoppessUuis (searronermt opaxya Ham sanyraRMBIe ONepATOpE!) A inrrepebepenuia, Gersepresit oneparrop, oneparop 12> Mepenitt peyaberob KRElETOBNIX BLINHCMEHHE, ABI erCA HeOOpATUNbIM (KACKHTeCKEIM). Kaarrouie RbIMIGHeHHa, OCHORAKHBIe Ha Hepe- MMCACHMLIX THNAX OnEpATOPOs, OTHOCATEA K HOBOMY BUY MATeNTeKTyANKABIX neIKeAEMI [10]. Hore M6 2007" ayn Gao ‘ence Hep vem, MYA SJIMTBUHUEBA 1» ap. oncparonia TAOB3 7 B omega arg BS : = ‘aspen Oneparon “Onepavop narra noe wunepebepent emo ‘oY Tlowcxsn “se HP + Ha, lowunereaunaa oueparap er Pue. 1. C=pygrypa ofoditenioro knatrronore GroKs, (ana Goace noatore nounMaluE HpunOS paGoreL KA n KHB) nano xparxoe onucanne nepescneninrs Kpairrovbix. onepaTopon, IX ByaINOOTHOUICEETE ceoncrs. Fpinetenn neoGxo;naste cuenenns 13 KeatToBoft Teopitn mmipopsatuttr mt TeopmIt KBaHrTO- bBbIxX KOppesiaUNOHHELIX NpoueccoD, Tammie CHACHA osnonatot Goze nosmo u rayGae nonaT? pemtenne ‘crexyronen TpynHoit n npHEMATKATEKO BaXKHOM 7U1K TeOpHl H CHCTEM yrpabaeutis pOOcIestDl: onpedeae- rue Poau t daunnus KeauIowELC ag>MPeKMOG Ha NO~ Gmauuerue yposun pobacmnocinu npoexmupyestor MUMEAaEKMYE.ADHDL NPOUCCCOB YnpABACHLUA 3a CHET HSBAENEINH JOHOAKUTETRION KRAHTOBON HItqyopMt 1m, cKpbrTOME(h TOABKO MACTHHO AOCTYTINOH) B KOP- PEAAIONHLIS KAACCHMECKHX COCTORIIEAX JaKOHOB ‘Yipansicnis, 1 cupockTAponaum4b!x TOABKO Ma OCHONC RAACCIMECKHX METOROB TEXHOROTHHT MATKHX BbIMIIC- seuuti, Tonoausrres BEACHUS H MOAPOTHOS tt bookeMHe AAMHILIX HOMIpOCOH € MATE MATTHMICCKHAE 1OKA- BATETDETOOM TPEGYEMBIX YTBEPANTEHMI MOPKIO 1a mH [10] 2. Keamronute sorncrenoc: npumepot m enoiierna cttosnesx oneparopos, B KartecTne mpriMtepa pacenor- Poe TpaumuoRblf verrewarittecKan cpopstavterssa Onmeamss soneaet OCHOMLIX KHATTORBEX ONEPATOPOR € TONKIE spetita BTOPOMT KBartroBOR MpoGrempt oMMCA- tint KA (ea. pasa. 5.2), Hamnotit dpopaamean oxen Gort BDIPAUKEN Ha AIBIKE KBAKTOBIX COCTOAUIA HL MSBECTHSE PAUL ApEOBpAsORArTT, MO MI HITrEPECYEMCA TAKE BOI OAMOCTHIO aileKHATHOO OTNCAHIS. KRANTOBBIX. CO- croatudi 1 aeebexros tia spike TOTMHECKOTO BLIBOTA: punetiennie Tpagiaroanoro ¢hopwauurssta, cro Mou HOCTIE H BEIpASITTCABHOCTHL KAK KeaHmosoi cucment ewenrKo20 ao2usecko20 ébxcooa (10, 11]. Tpumep 1. Keaxmonati Gum Kax Kaanmosoe coomonnue, Kaacenieckint OT MOKET HAXOUATHCH B onmioxt 1 mByx cocrosnt: O none 1. Taxis OGpasos, ero cpisutieckoe cocromtmte MoxHO NpeeTaBHTh KAK b=4j0/+ a3], Koropoe meer ony 13 cpopnt nm cy na, =0, Toraa b = 0, ata, =O a = 1.W Tonga b= 1. B npormmouosoxuocrs cocrosme Krarrronoro 6rrTa [Y) sanaetca ReKTOpOW B UBYXMEPHOM. KOMILIEKCOM SekTopHose npoctpancrae. 3yeck wexrop uNeeT ARE XOMIOHIEITDI, Hero NMPOeKUINE Ha Gaatiens BeKTOPHOTO pOCTpAHCTRA sIRNANOTCH KOMILICKCHEIM = (| Asnunryan cm —KomuteKcoute aneaa, 48 KoTOpLX BLUOAHEHO crenyiouree yeronne: aor + BB* = 1. re “*" ~ one- TROPHA H CHCTEMbIYMPARTEMHA 26 20078 1 BLIBOJ JIA CO3AHHA BAS SHAHHIL KBAHTOBbIM HEYETKH -ahivoy aiomaven 19X99, worfouay wrados, rnonoy HaLai.aam6s0 Ht wuaonromda wumsncep extst foe mimes icwpOL D99H10d |] wedourdaii0 mnttnounesy eunoieedus ‘o10naI-RHLUO T1D0HKON Fou Lasmuou6oL0 FHM “UO BET HHOLDS axaUNHTFOX -goan owauos. 1axduanede,y oda tat “HN PINKISH jamendo erty aun NouDKnrassoin{o0 bund watnenod wowadi 0. anipnad © HY. wapdiig om1ganey 128d (siunueedones mveananore > wameeine done) euizoKey aowods misWoH HaIoug, 1300 syoodu a9ant0d | ynastareclowea rusoWOEE, amad exoiou xeaiouedioodi xeauniceed en wit wauead nimvensesdoowe >, ede, KK U90HHOL, vuedus suaonannedig wong. siLoHMoAs0% pansanen nod <, IHD 240n90 eH <1 HouEMONeMEdooND HHLIONdaLvRdEY aruHoMIDaHEY H edKLKdL “eMNEOE, 2007 x HSBECTHA PAH, TEOPHS| H CHCTEMbI YIPABIEHHS16 paiuis Kommutexctioro conpsexenns, (0) 11) oGpasyer Tapy oproHOpMarTBHbIX GasncHbIx BekTOPOD, HasEIBAe- MBIX cocmonntes sbtuucaumestHoro Gaauca. Fem sam B npHenmwaior nynewute sHaMeria, TO W onpenEAR- eT Kiacenseckoe, “wtcToe coctosime. B-nporapnos, curyvae POROps, TO Y laxo;ueTea w cOCTOAHIAH cynep- OSH MBYX K-taccusteckiex GasneMbsx COCtommMA Teomerpiueckit KBaHTOBEIM HT Haxoguted B He- npepetstio cocroanmit mexkay [0) w |). noKa He MpO- 1opoasTes HaMepenma ero cocromnty, TontriHe aN ANTyabI BepOATHOCTelt KRAHTOBOTO COCTOAHHA HB:1R- e103 KOMONHAMNCH KOMEN COCTOHES H Cpasst. B cayuae, Kora cHIcTeMa COCTONT M3 AByX KRAMTORBIX Guron, o#a OMNCHIBAETeA KAK TeHOpHOE HIpoITIBE;e- nine. Hanpimep. oGoanasensx Juspake 2BVXKBAN- ‘Tow CHETEMA sagaeTes Kak [Wis = Oy[00) + 0.5 ]01) + Byl10) + BS|11) Hucno BosMoxkubix CocTosHIIL KONGNKUPORANHO cicremit nospactaeT IKcTOHEHIKATEHO pH O6AE- ReHIMH KBARTOBOTO Girra. Dro npHBORUT K MPOOIEMe ouetKs KOAIITOBOM Koppeamumt, KOTOPAR NpitcyT- CTHYET MEXXAY KBAHTORBIMY OHTAMEL B COCTaBHOH CH cteme (eM. npunep 4). B knanTonoft Mexastuxe KBartTonoc cocrostne [\)) BLIpackaeTeH OepATOPOM ITOTHOCTHL COCTORIS! p. Marpitua naoniocru p KeaHTosoli cicTeMmr HMcer caeaylouune cpolicrsa: p” = p (apymrosa srarpana): p> 0 (nonoxntenbuaa Matpmtta): Trp = | (HopMiIpO- bataaa marmpanta), Fen cocrosmte Ksanrrosoi Mbt 13BeCTHO TOHTO, TO cneTeMa OnMeMIEAETEH OtTepa- Topom nuTovTiOcTi i MarTpHEAHOM BIE P= | Hy Ha- XommTea 8 4uiemiow cocTosHTH, B npotuBnon enysae cucrema upeSuipact B cuewanno cocroammt. B STOM CAYHAE HMEEM CMECH H3 PAB.UAIILIN HUICTSIX CO- crosnuii, onuicbipaemyto onepaTopoM MoTHOCTH P = Lelwrs B ancamOne {pjy))).Marpauni, yno- BreTROPAIOMINe NepesMcHeHHBIM YoroEItAM, OGpAsy- Jor BBINYK:e MHOECTEO. TosTOMY OHM MOFyT OKIE Sarmeambt b Bue p= Yrilwtwl. me [Yo — enmamic Bex Toper PnaeGeprova npo- enpautcrea i p.>0, Sere = be Koathebastnenr na aaannoro k Mower HirTepnpeTiIpoRATKCA KaK Repo amiioctt. HaxoxeHWs KEANTOBON clicTeMBt B MMCTOM cocronttit |). Oanaxo januas dpreneckas iacrepmperiaist 2apit- cur or npencrasienis P= Yodlwarvids VBECTHA PAH, AMTBHHUEBA 1 2p, Koropoe He siseres OKOSHANIBINE pasttLte COCTOS- KA MOCYT HMETD ONAMAKODyTO MarpHIy MTOTHOCTH B sacriocr, BekTOpml MOryr GuiTb BbIGPAHs! OPTO- HopNaasabiMit I tTepmperUPODaHTL KAK COBETHEH- ble NeKTOppI MUTPHUbI IUIOTHOCTH P ¢ COBCTREHED- Mik aHaNIeHTIRNAH py. CpopMa P= Drilwdtwd snagbmaeren cnexrpanemoi apencransennen p. Unt role cocroanina npercrannaior coboit onkoMepibte npoekropsi |yX¥y]_m siBauioreR akcrpesamuMbiNit FONKANUT BOAF TOTO MHOACCTHA MATPHLILIOTHOCTH. Taxiiw o6paon, ia enone Mapu T-IGTHOCTHL K- crux coctosiiit BocnpomssonaTe® ace ocrambitie Narpilt nMOTHOETH, cooTRETCTByIOUNNe cMemaTe HBIME COCTORHILAM, KaK RBMYK"ias KOMOHHALNN B HIE P= Spiddal 110 cami On He lonyeKaiOT OMNHICAHHA B BHITE HeTpA- BAAKHOIL BINYK:TON KOMOMAMNE xpyrHX MATPHU. Cyuicerayer npocroi kpwrepnit onpenereuna nism COCTOMHR KBANTOHOM CHCTEMbL: ECAH CEA MaTpitnEt iioruocrs Trp?) = 1. To KBaHTORAS CHICTEMA HaxO- unica B uacToM cocroaimt: ecau T7{9*) < 1, MMeeT MecTo cMeMIANHOe cocrosmixe. OmpejereHne it Bb ‘uccTemte cnejta OnepATOpA NAGTHOCTH AHO HIKE. C-rouKn spemi Teopint uucbopwauin, & KBAHTO- BOM Offre COREPAKHTER TONHO TaKOE KC KOMUMECTBO marbopsaust, Kak MB KAaccHTIecKOM GiTe, HeCMOTpA Ha GeCKOHETHOE MHOKECTHO BIPTYAMbHEIX CoCTOR- ii KeaitTOBoro irra. KeaHtToBAiit GT MoxeT OprTb Onncan Geckone‘WHbINM SHCTOM cynepriosuMt KNaccH neckiX cocTOmHIti, HO 13-34 HeOOpaTHMOrO KApaKTe- PA Mpouecca wsMepeHIts MOARHO 3814 TOMSKO MO toil Kaaceneckmii GirT micbopsauutA H13 oWHOrO cpe- BW BOSMOAHBIX cocromUi. Fpl 37M ocramHIDIe BIpTYaqLHbIe CocTOAIHA paspyiatoTeR H MpOHeXO- ANT notepa HeKpopMaunn, Ocnowarnem aia AaHKOTO yThepagientia (8 KBAHTOROM OiTe cORepAMTCA He Goavine KomN4ecTBa HEKpOPMAuH, HEM B KMaccHtIC- CKOM Outre) aBAETCA TOT dak TD Hop MAL 12- BreKaeTea B pesyabrare buaitueckoro Mpouecea i13- wepellif, 3a CHET HaMEpeUEA KiNaHTOBOTO GTA NpO- eXORUT IBMeHeHe ero COCTOsHKA MB Pesy.BTATE OF lePEXOMIIT & OAKO H's BOSMOAHBIX GasH{CHBIX COCTOR- tt, Kaxgaotit KBAHTORBIN GHT cyMECTRYET w AMY \MepHOM upocrpanicTse, ero IsMepeHiRe aCcORMMPyeT- ‘eC coaTRETETHYIOMLIN OxaHCON HH BbIpArKACT PEIN Tar TOADKO B ONHOM H3 ABYX COCTORHH, T.c. ONMH Hs SAIUCHLAK AEKTOPOB AAcCONIPOKAH C AAMIELIM H3Ne- PiiTeABABIM MpHGOPOM. Taki ObpasOM, KaK HB KCHICCHMECKOM Chysae, pH HEMEPEHIAH KURILTTOORO Sura cyulecTByeT TOABKO MBA BOBMOAKHLIX pesyansTa- ra. Tockoubky HSMepelme msMeveT COCTOsHUE KRaRTOBOrO GHTA, TO HEROIMOAHO OCYUNECTBUTR Of TEOPHA H CHCTEMBI YUPABIEHHR NG 2007KBANTOBbIM HEYETKHA BbIBOS {1 CO3AHMS BA3 SHAHMIA n Hoppemento perHicrpannio cocrositta B jayX paszt- rorx Gaaicax. Hpi Moeanpopadiai kaccieckoi - awMsieckoll CHCTeMbI €e COCTOSIIHE MOAKHO #MOPHT a meppoM FTaNE B OaTIUs GasHice, saTEM ~ Ha BTOPOM rane 8 xpyroM Oxauce. B MCTUNINO KRAHTOVOR cHCTEMe Toa0GHOE HeBOSMOAHO, TAK KAK IPH HSMepeHIE MPO hexomicr paypyuleiie BOAHODOH PYHKUINE OMTIcbID AIO tnlehi CocroaHLie KEaHTToROrO Girra. Donec TOTO, KBAHTO- bie cOCTOuIINK 8 HICTHMNIO KBAHTOBOM cHCTEMe HeBOs- MOAHHO KIOHMPORLTE, T.C. CYLICCTBYIOT OOLEKTHBHIC qpieunicexne orpamsienis, 8 cw KOTOPBIX He YAaeTOA TpOvosTI, HIMEPENME NOMA PAsHbIMH TyTN, HC rrontays, HanpuMep, KOTMPORAHMe KRaltTOROTO OHA H ero peruicrpatuiio & pasaNanBIx Gasucax (12). B ora ‘tue OF kaaltroRoro Outta cocrosmme kaaccHecKOrO Bit Ta MOKHO KONKPOBATE H OCYIECTRAATH HaMEpeHNe 6 PARMMHONX BHMCMITEMABH Gasucax. Bonee Toro, fnenanecTHBiit KRaNTOREA OH nleaban “pactneniTss” Ha smsauxdo JonOAHSHONIHE HacTHE [13], Te. Come PARALLAACA B Hew7HecTHON COcTomuM KBAKTTOBOrO OHTA unEbopMa- i HepastemnMa, “Taxuns oGpaa0M. 8 KRAHTOROM MexAaHike AONYCTH- Mut onepani, HenosMoKnbIe B KnaccHeCKOIt Mexa- uke. H, taoGopor, B KMaCcHTIECKOI MexaHiKe cytile~ ‘crayior O1tepaTophi pemeliis 3924, HeLONYCTHMBIE B Tpumesanme 2. Bowucaumeaonnui asc {[4).. >). Jas omicamnis sriamepenms keaeToporo Oxrra Panee iicnonysopaien BbIMeTiTTeMbubiT Gusite (0). j1)}. Onnako taxot spiGop patueairertHorO Gastea He sianaeTes emiiicrnentibiM. BoaMoxkHo Henons308a- ste paansinilx MHOALCTB BeKFOpOR B KaueCTHC OpTO- Nopsamarix Sasiicon. Hanpumep. Gaaticnte BekTOPEL Aonycrimo npexcrannath 8 pute CocrosHiin {|+), | )). \ \ compenentembix kaw} (0) +|1)), (0) ~|1))f eo- per { pil +19), 50) ~| corseteTeenHo. HonoaL3ya JaHHoe fperctabnenic Ga- Sufenbix ReKTOpOR, MOO flepeitTH K TPAZHINORHONY Gasncy jo) = Lays) wit) = Sa)-b PR 2 Tpamep 2 @ypanposaue cocmonnun eynep- noauiun ¢ RoMoWoro onepamopa Adasapa (¥oa- wa-Adasapa), Cyuiccrsopaiiie cocromuta cynepHto- aumuin a¢hebekTa MaMepeHiT KBAETOROTO COCTOAEIA (on, nprivep 6) ehtrsirteckit osHa‘taer. sro upucyrerBy= eT exponnan on uabinodamess taupopsants. KOTO aa COMEPAHTEA B FAMKIYTOM KUAICFOROA CHCTEME (0 MoweHtTa £6 ROITYK/EHSE OT HIIELIHETO BOSMYTEHHA) b bine naGimonertiia kBaHTOBOrO cocroaHHA. Cuctesta OCTAETCH SAMKHYTOM 0 MAMOLeTICTHIEA € BHELUMEH eperori (re. 20 nesicrHita HaSmOneNR CHETEME). BAK HeMUIIN B TOM Cay IAL ABEIACTCA CoE AYTOUTUAT HOMO: Kak obexTunto ficHlOmsOBATH CKPRITYIO B cynepHO- Suna rebopMaunnio (et. MIKE MpMEp BB past, 3. pexyabraTin Monenuponantist » pax. 8)! B Tpagiior- VSBECTHA PAH. TEOPHS! H CHCTEMDI YNPABIEMHS Wow opmamoMe KnaHTOpbIN BbItHiCTeHIM KEAeTO- [BbIC OnlepaTOPE! ONHCHIBAHOTCA H IKBHBANEHTHON MaT- pInmo!l ope. YawoxcHne Marpitist onepaTopa Ha, BEKTOD COCTOAITA OMaMAeT JeiteTINe OMepALATA Ha McereayeMyto citcTeMy, Hanprewep, aeitcrene matpiust Anastapa (H) Ha on remy |y) = 0) moxser Gorre npencrasneno Kak Auanorisno ly) = HUI) = ah ald-C]}-a% I). Te. npeodpasosanite Ananapa nopoxsaeT cocros- ine KoaKTOBOTO GWA HB nie CynepHOsHMINE AByX xaaceieckits coctosuil, bopsiiponamtie cymepro- SHiti ¢ IKBHGATEMTINIMM AMMANT¥RAMN GePOATHO- creii—saxunait mar ans snorux KA. Upustenas H®" Ha coorseTerByloulx Gasichbix cocTossuax |x) € I, ve {0, [}", nonysiw a peayasrate axnumanenTHy1o copay apeooparoaainis Ajawapa 5D CD" bs V2, PRE AC. 2) + oe Hy AILS OLY = L Tat 06- pavoM, cynepnosHuitio c skeHBATEHTHEIME aMnTIETY 1 awn pepomTHocreit —= Ans KaxkrOTO GasneKOTO cOcTosHiia Homy4aloT IpuMcHeHueM oncpaTopa H®” x cocroanio (0). Suarene cocTOsHA eynepnosM {218 Teopim BnnujeaMrenbibix Mpoueecow craHowrren Gomee NO HnTHbiM, ec UMTepapeTUpORITE Peayabrapyrontee eyrepmoaitytontioe coctoaime Kax waGop 2” Kaacenie- CCkHN Taek ropa (nyTeH) sBNETEU € SKENKA, HHpIsnt Becavtl, NO KOTOPBIN KuaKToDLAR KOMMKOTEP qwonsecks nponesurr nrMcacHr maparacnsno, B TOM chbiene CyTepnoamluis ubleTynaeT KAK MepRb ran 1 oprakitiaMlin Keaiunowoeo napa saa. Tp mep 3.Kaaumoavuiinapaneauan 1sode.n anne tent ¢ Kaarthoabiat opaxs.aon, PacessaTpanae= bill xpeeKT SATS TER OUI BAPATICME KALI BAIN BHINHCACHMAN H HenoMbaVeTER (TAK AE, KAK H EY epnoamuis) no smoris soncax KA, Ou ocodertio 6 200778 LpOKO MpUMeHHeTeH m Pan.nAuttbIX MONET “HepHO- ro ainuska” Writ “KRaHTOBONO opaky.ra” tipi MpoeKTAE posanmit paanoro knacea KA [8-10. 14-19}, anprmep. jaa BuIMNCReHHi dynKiyaT cRenytoutero awa: g : 10. 1)" —» 10. 11". Hockompxy oto6paxerme x —> (4, g40).x€ (0, 1} o6paTHMO, To cyECTByET yEHTTAPHOE upcoopasonanne U,. s¢cbextunio Moxemupyemoe KeACCHMECKHMH BEISHCIEHUIN (¢, @(19) TAK, #70 fr. y) —+ |x, y&4()) ana texoroporo ye {0, 1)". Hpi a10M FONOALUTENSABIE KBAKTOBLIC GHTEI, COOXOAHNIE Jas peamiaarmnr oSpatimtrx cxewmbIx Mpeosparona- tit, ste He paceveerprBatoTes. Fpeodpasoaaune Ui, ‘onncuusaroutee “sepuetit an” (KaK HacrioA cnyiait U.).mpenerasnser yrirrapnioe npeoopasowarnne # we Syaeport spynxumntf: (0, 1}"— |0, 1}. Beam [y)—na- Nambioe cocTosMite (0). TO NOCHE NPHMEHEIA TPEOO- pasosanua U; Bbixon npeoOpasosanns fx) Gyner |x, Me). Srameckni cwpicy KBaHTOROTO. MapamtemIAMa sakaowaerea B HANHUNN sdebeKra napannemiaMa BuINICRENNi HoczE HenoALsONAKNA MPEOGPAsOKAUiLA U; nas cynepnosinonHoro coctosHis, mpencranas- romero paameanbie sHavienna x. Tax, mpawensia U; x cocToaHIio [sy = [w.0). fy) = Yo) = UMeeM B peayabrare U,w.0) T.e. CYMEPMOSHIINO BEX BOSMOAHBIX 3HAICHMT BEI- ‘ucaste mort ¢pyHkut. TakiMe OGpasom, oueHKa sxaemnt pyran A) TOABKO OHO MHTrepAUNHE ABARETER ZOCTATOSHOIE 178 BOIHICHEHN MApAAICABHO suasEHH fx) OF BEX DBOAMOAKHHEX BXOAKBIX ApryMenTon x. LAM o¢pepext IKASIEHTTCH HIPHMEEHLINO CBOE “MepHOKO ALL (omopasoBoe NenoMoBanKe BHYCPEHMET KHAK- TORO CKEMb!). ONHAKO B AeHICTHHTETBHOCTH TOKO, avo sHayenite dpyuxusn fx) AocTyMHO MpH IE MepextA pesyabrara misneaciua fix) B evepno unt BOsMOX- nx cocrostitii, TAK Kak H-24 a¢heheKTA paspyinems COCTORHHHL CYNEPLHOSHUKH AOCEYEIO TOAEKO ONO ‘caytaliHo HaMepeHHOe COCTORHHE, OSCYATEHHE BBIGO- a Moet knarrrosoro opaky.aa 1174 KHB 11 ero oGoc- THOBAMHE gaHtO WABKE B PAI. 6. Mpusewanne 3. QO oermerenu auavenutt (pyaxqin ¢ noMowbto cpaait. Tipusenenne oneparo- pa U; k ynpanaemomy KuaiTowomy GieTy # cocros- MSBECIHM PAH. JMTBHHILEBA a np. 1m cynepnosmint jg) : = + qo) —|1)) aaet enenyio- yl peaynwrar: Uyhs9) = Eee Foo) =fs. 8 S09) = =C $FeA 19) =D. @) Onyckas |p}. Moko onpegesms KoHoe npeoGpas0- sare ria V;: |s) —- C1/). Caenonareabno, Vy nowonser abvuuicanTk anatienns ¢ynxuit fs) ue. pes sbaay. ZIpyrnnm cnonavin, vissitcaenne boaMox Ho Hepes npeodpasonanne sHaenul f us Gas0BBIN COCTORN B AMMAHTYAD OTHOCHTENbIHO RaHHBIX Oa- souunx cocrosumi. Teneps, jelicrays V> Wa ReKTOp |v), nonysum cneaytouce cocrosHne: w= Vil) = J yer en i ro coommereryer npunencinio K ynpanmaemomy xBanToBoMy Gury Oneparunit yu, He qo" DIL. Tipumep 4. Modeanposane keaxmovoit Kop: peanut (sanymuannesx cocmoanuti— entanglement) ¢ nowouwr CNOTnodobnex oncpamopos. Koppext- a OUleHKA MOUIOCTH KBAHTOBKIC BRIICTENIIH BOX MOAKHA TONBKO € NOMOMLIO YCraHOUTLIIL KOPPEAA- iti Mexay anaemia nepeMennns B KA e pan Mole MoMeitTEL ypemenn. B- xKawecrse npsmopa PACCMOTpHM CHETEMY 1 LBYX KHAHTOBIX GHTOR AH B.B coorueteronit ¢ 2aKOHOM TeH2OpHOTO MpoH3ne~ EHNA BEKTOPHBIX UpOcrpanicrs pasMepHocTb Mpo- ctpancrea 2, cOCTaRHOM cHeTeMbI AB onpencaneT- a kax mporrseenene paawepxocred mpocrpaucrs 3€,, WH yt2. KaK Hyg =I, @ Hp. Borancmrre bunt Cae sc cocroamtt | |00),01),|10),|11}| na cocrantoit cx Crew AB suapsxserca Yepe OasnicHbie CocTOsHHS ucrem Ast B |[0), |1)} rewsopunim nponssemennes fon) =| @ fa) Ver jd © (0. LP. Tpit arom 8 co- CTaBHOI CHCTEME KIGUETOBLIX GUO CyLLECTBYIOT CO- CTORHIIA, KOTOPBIE HE MOFYT ObITk LIPAXCibt Hepe? TeHSOpHOC NPOUSBCACHNE OTICABHDIX KOMTIONEHT xsatronbix Ot. ITO CHOHLCTHO HasBILAeTCH 2anymnes- ‘eanes (entanglement) wa He pacanessMocTaid (nonsep- ‘arabilty) KRanTORbIX COCTOSEIE, Aonycruns, 170 |p) cocroH Hs AByx cocToRtuR. Eeau cyuecrsyior pea cocroauis (p,) 8. 1 koa) ® 3p, ‘TAKHC, «170 [Wyg) = |x) © |p). TO CoCtomMMe HasbIBAeT- © paemitabiss (aoe unentangled), B npovuaiom eny- ‘uae OHO siaaerea 3anyrantM (entanglement) WA He pasxeaunein (unseparable) [8. 10, 20}. B xasiecree mpi MepOB MOAKHO MIPHNCCTH CHCTEMY H3 ABYX KRAHTODLIX Gittos, wakecruyio Kak cocToss! Besta nin SETP-co- TEOPHA H CHCFEMBI YIPABIIEHHS 86 2007KBAHTOBDIM HEYETKHM BbIBOM (U1 CO3/IAHHA BA3 SHAT 0 crouns (0 ect rHowepon 2THx MpiNepon Beana H “SmauTeits, TlononeeKoro w Posets) l * (joo) + 18 atest 1 Jo) +10), Io? Kora npoirinoyurrea iaepenne taxi cocrosm ak nojlelicteM 8 cocTaaiol cHcTeMe ‘aly TAHHbIX CO” Crostini, To npn ispecTHOM pesyaBsTaTe O8 O;HHON CO- CrORHIT MONCHETEME MOKHO TOFIKO OMPesIeMHTTS co- croarine apyroit noxeucresn (Ges npovesteru nam west vrawepenti). Toatomy cymecrayer xpyroit napitantr 8 saeTepmpeTau TaKsbs cOeroaui, Ecsl paceMarpinsa- or ojo n3 cocTOsMH Kak sanyranHoe, 370 O3HataeT. ‘110 cocroauie Henbaa dhakTopiORATe B cOCToRIHE ponsneneniia v3 nosoucress asyx cocrosnari. TakuNe oOpazom, ecm mpiweKseTes onepatop K OnKOHL KOMMOHeHT aanyTasiHOro cocTosMta, TO peaysbrar eilerpis we dbaxropusyetes no OcTaTLubIM KoMo- HEHTAM, a BHISWCATCTOR 2A 3TH KOMMONEHT HeMO- cpertcraeHHo Ho oxWoL 2 HaNepseathix KOMHOHEHT Bosteitcruys: oneparopom Ajtawapa H wa nepayio KoMMOHEHTY B cocromtn Besa |p"). B peayabrare IED) = 10H 19)))0) + CADDY = 1,100) + £(jo0) + [10) +01) =f), uni a waxpusmiot bopse 1100) + [19 1010 1 A}orot 4] 10-10 L o10- EB Te. HMeeM HORDE saMyTAHHOE cOCTOAHHE, KOTOpOE erioneayerea B oGparHion consH Khatronoro reweTH- MecKORO NOHEKOBOTO. ANTOPHTMA slaw OOOFAtHEAIE KOuIITODOM KoppeAsuMH KANtyANMIOFO COCTOSIIE (CM. put. 1), Tocnestonareabno reficraya Ha BTOpyIO KOM ToweHty nonyeNHoro cocTosuiIs onepaTopoM Ajta- apa H;, mpuxowuet & Hot Koo) [11) = Loo) + [1p K coxa KaanTomist €F € SileNOM YamyraMILIN COCTORII, ypansiiesin GHToM. Tpumevaune 4. d¢dbecmuaoe modeanposa- ne KA na kaaccuteckuce Konmpionepax. 3any Tanabe COCTOSMI B KAAHTOBUIS BUISNEAEMIAX paceMarTpARA- roTws Kak HOWOAMNETE Mb ¢PHEBIMIECKENT PecyPe, M03- JeMMIO. CIOKHOCT PeAMLAUMIE OMepALT svieflkanit § JaHHOM MOAXORe BOSpACTa- cossaMMIX © MSBECTHA PAH, TEOPHA Ht CHCTEMDI YP ABUIFHIA oamomuriteyticeTnentio yaeainiiTs pacteTHyI0 Mon OCTE 110 CpanHieHMO C KACCHYECKHMI MOREAAMH Ht xwenennit. Hero mapaMerpos, HEOGNOAMMEN jLIs DOmncaNN HesANTAHHBIN (IHCTHIX) COCTORNIL B 5a- nannow TunnGeprono npocrparcrne 3, (nipencran- eHHAIX KAK TEHROPHOe MpOHARCAEHHC KRAHTORHIX Guo), pospacraet ToAHKO sTHHEIIHO ¢ yoemmeHtTEN sea 1 KRAITTORBIX GUTOs, Ostiako AL ONAN OO- ero Bia cocToRM (HesanyTaNHOrO Ha 3anyTaR- Koro) TpeOyeTes skcnonEMIMATHHOE "HICTO (2") REK- ‘Topiiutx Koodprbuuitertton, [oaToMy Bonpoc o dues ecko pecypce KRAHTORDIX BHIMHCHENMT He HMecT upocroro ofuera. Jlannas npoGnema oGcyxnanace Betamax ¢ 0+ uiis OSHUNA TeOpIN KBAHTOBEIX BbIsHNCAeLii B [21]. Baro noxasawo, 8 aactuocns. «70 ttt KA (onepup OLMIS IICTBIMA COCTORHHANMH) JatH NORPAIMEHI 3 chextimnocrit mo cpanttenmto ¢ KaaccmuceKMM ana sloraMit ¢ ynenmsrertteM pasMepROCTH AXOASIX KRAN- ToBLIX GUTOR TpeGyeTeR HEOrpassINterHOe sHeTO samlyTAHHBIX COcTOsMM, Boxee TOF. 3¢prheKTHEHO KA soxkHo Moneaiponate. KaaccHtecKHM HICTP) MeHTapites (KIACCHECKHIMI GATOpHTMANIH) TOABKO Inpw autem wasioro KomMeCTRa KHatrTOROt KOppe tutti ebuKCHPOBAHKOM ypoBHE TONEpAHTHOCTH Bb uucautentinix onepaunit B KA, Hesasiciso 3 (22) OK ASANO, KAK MOAHO 3d XPERTHBHO KAACCHMECKHD anropiras mojenuposare KA co cpanurrensHo caaGoit KRaHTONOA Koppermucit. Bornemeremmas, fONMOCT BOSPACTAET AKHEHHO © AHCIOM. BXOANIX KBAHTOBBIX OT H SKCTOHEHINATIHO —C YBETHMEHNEN, TpeGyeMOro KOMIMECTRA KBAHTOBOIL KOPPEL Hesanncustoc o60mtenne TakOTO HONxOAA MpHBERE- Ho 8 [23] 4 paspaGoTano cooraeTeraytomtce mpo- rpansiio-annaparnoe oGecnesenme am 2¢pepexTis Horo MozemMponanins KA Ha KAACCIMECKHX KOMMIO- repax. STOUT MOAXO}L HenOAMIOBAHL B AAKKOR Crarke [Ana MontestHpoBArit B Ped.TbHOM BPEMeMH POGACTULAN B3 jaw miresaextyambneix HP. Vanoxemmuie aprymenrit pesyantars cette TequeTRYIOT O MpeAMOUTHTeABHO!L Pom KEANTOROH KOpPO-MIIE KAK AUEKYLUCIT CHILL KEUITOBLOS BLI eHMT (Ha SICTBIX COCTOAMHAX 2BOMTIOWNT KBAHTOBOT AMHasAUKu), Tpnmep 5. Modeaupoaanue xeanmosott 1 mepdepenuit Nomoto npeobpasoeanus Adastapa u Kaaranoeaz0 npeobpaavoanuin Pypee (KIT). C ve- SIMO HOBLIEEHHDR BEPORTHOCTHE HSMEPeHIM H SINE Hil# HCKOMOTO (MapKMPOBAKKOTO) PEIMEHTE OCHOBHOT: Guo MReeH & MPoUeccaX MpOcKTHPONAM PAB! niix Morenen KA cmykitr iicromsonaHiie senerns KonerpyXTHMNOM/ACCEPYKTHBLOT LrreprpepemIM KANECTRE HHCTPYMeHTApus! WGRTENEHIBL peHyTATATOR otbthextuprbix sbrmucaennit KA. Lia yaemmenma pe PORTHOCTH SREIEeHHEA "YenELIHOTO™ PevEHHB MpHNE= HsleTo KOHCTPYKTHHAA HTepepepeHUU, & ANS Peay ‘ust “retoxnx" peurcemnti ~aecrpykTHnHAS IETEYbEp una, KoHCTpyKTHBHDIT GlecrpysTuBHDIiN) 2XppeKT 6 200740 JIATBULILEBA « xp. MoxNO NpowumocrpHpoRaT. HarAAAHO Ha MpEMEpE neiicrens npeoGpazosakna Anaxapa ta cocrostins {|0), Dh {ro I+) 1 Al) =}. ve. pocnponssoairtea cocromme cynep- rnositignt KiLaCCHMECKHN COCTORHITA B RINNE KEAHTOBBIX Gut. TIpH 3TOM mpHMeHeHHe npeodpasonarnit Ana- rapa & cocrosinisit JO) ut |) mopoxaer cocromi ¢ ommitakonbim: pacnperenennen sepostuocteii. Tlo- ekomsky coctosnte |+) aanseres cynepnosmuttelt o60- x klacen4eckitx cocrosmt |) 1/1), To npH noBTop- HOM MpHMeHeHHA npeodpaopanMN Agamapa x [+) KqaccHYeCKaA Moslem AOFUMECKOTO BLIBOA (Moe Konworopoa) npestnonaraer oumelakonyio Repost HOcT> pesynbTHpyloUlero KaaccHMeCKOTO COCTOAHUS (apimtann coxpaneni scpostiiocts). Oarako Besen- reife onepHpORAHIS B KAAHTORHIX RAINCTEHUSX ¢ Nowarien anmmrynbs weportnocreit (24, 25] sefi- creute upeodpasosaits Astamapa na cocroamme |+) na- 1 aeeh) (0). + jot | Ouceuano, «70 HIO) er caenyrouquit pesyawear: M4) Takim oGpasom, mpostntcn s¢bepeKr wumepdbe- penuuet MERAY RepORTHOCTAMHL OGOMK KNACCHMECKHX cocroanuti. C oanoft cropoia, mirrepepepeHtues (B cl aly cnoero ¢biraneckoro xapakrepa) yeutnHaa aNaL- yay BeposTHOcTit o;uOro (0)) Kalgeeis4ecKOrO cocTO- sua (konempyxmuanas miTepdpepentuna) 4 occraGu- 1a cyWlecTBEHHO (10 YI) aMTUMTYZy BepoATHOCTH apyroro (|1)) KaaceuecKoro cocTosHHs! (decmpyx- muskan werrepebepennna). Jleiicreya Wa cynepnost- Uo BOMOAKHBIX PeMIeHHA, HTTepeepenis Pea ayer mponece ¢opamponarma purtanbHor qbaaen KRAHTOBBIX BRIGHCTEMIT H annaeTes (Tak 2ke, KaK IT KnaHtTOBAs KOPpEAAU) inuteeKiNM Pecypcom yeu NeHNA KBAHTORHIX BbIMNICAENT, a TAKE TIA PeUie- Hila pasMMNEESIX MpoOAEN UpoeKTHpONANA MONEE KA. Hanpnep, npuvexsa npeodpasonanme H™ x cocroaminto |y/) ime (2.1), noayans B pesyaurare KeaMrone COCrOsEHE 1 ret Hp yd EY eye, se (tise 0.0 OcHOKONT aK NpocKTHpOSAHN KBAHTO- Kit, HANPHMEP, MpH pewenan apoGemb Deutsch-Jozsa [10]. B soem KA Wlopa npu pakroprrsaum npowane- Renita Ha Mpocrote sites muiTeprpepenuunto oeenesH- suet oueparop KIT: oneparop OFT, ® /, nelicrayer hia K@xnbIH GaaticHili BeXTOp, MpHaAeAAMUH Hetiion KOMOHHAMAHE HEXORHOrO HEKTOPA |). Ito osnasaer, #70 sIOOOH REKTOP o TAKOIE COMOMNALTT ocnpostaogueT cynepmosuiio GazHEMLIX KEKTOPOK. Kowiuiexcunte veconnie Koadpinwtentrir Gasicnbix BekTOPOR panitbl HO MOAYMO (7.e. AMNUTFYA! BepO- aTHocTeHt papi), HO uMeIOT pasaMtanble Gasp. Kaa HSBECTHs PAH. TEOPHS H CHCTEMBI YMPABNIEHHS 6 ABI Gaaicttnall exTop smaeTes mmnemenTo;t cyMMoit axmaitrys BepomTHOcTell, MOAYHCHHDIX Is PasHbIX O- caenlonarembHocreit GancHbtx RekTopoe. Jonas ey Ma MOAT YBemMMMNBATD HM YMeMTAlAT, PesymsTHIpy JoMlyio antinirryay neposrHocret Tak kak stor a¢dxhexr nonocen xpepexry wierep- ebepernit Kaaccusecknx poal, TO roBopsT, tro one- parop expan =a My 4} urpaet post, oneparopa wiTepypepenmn, C arena ‘ueckoi ToKH apeHtta, Korta oneparop OFT, ® f, gelicTayet Ha cocrosie, To Bee CTOADIIbI Pesyawrn- PYIOULEA MaTpHMs SazetiCTRORAHBK NpH HIMCRCHEH i uerrepspepennnst ocyiecransteTes Merxay BeCOREIMIT osdhepiseH rant i pasnsix HocAeAOBATEMBHOCTE Gaziciinix gexropon [26]. Paceworpust rTeneph aco- GenmocrH oveH BAXKUOTO (H HACTO AMICKYTMPYEMOrO 1 paGorax no onkeaHiio OcHO® KRAHTOROA eXAAHKH) KBaHTOBOTO oMIepsTopa, onHICLIvAIOMIeTo HeOOpaTH Muti Mpouece HoRACHELHA pexYARFAKA KAQUrTOuDIX sulci ni Trpumep 6. Hssepenua 0 pasmnix anew meaortoee Gasucax. Tocrynar KsartTonbix Wvepentit Goin nReqeH cor Heisariom. Paccwarpmsusiice Tos KO MPOEKTHBIBIE HSMepeHHA, B KOTOPKIX “cTaHTApT- hte” KRAHTORBIE HamOonaeMie A uMeIOr enexctp ow npezeransenmte » Tepstunax oprorowANbISIX MpO- exTHBHIX ONeparopos, [octy-tat yrREpANAET. 1f0 BO BpeMa UaMepettita A ReKTop CocTosiA KNaMTONOM CH tempt penylinpyetes b cOGcraeHnbiT BexTOp HaGaLO- Jae Mon A, COOTBETCTAYFOLNH pesynbsaTy HMepCAIS Taktis OGpa20M, Ga2ne OcHOBKOTO HORXORA K MO: CTpoctunio Mosieneh npoueccos HsMepeHMit 8 KBAHTO- [BbIX BbIUNICTEHHSX COCTABAAET NOCTY.NAT O MPORKINE hon Hetisana: pesyanrar neiicrena HaSmoneHis cO- CTOmIGL Y 11a AOMOLAeMOR A Kak pesymBTaT 1AMe- pets ecti onno 1 cobeTHeNMDIK sae A,T.C. H- MepeHite paspylimer cocrosmie y w penopwatinyer ero. Ha Koleunomepiior TuakGeptona mpocrps THA MaTeMATIMECK 9TO OIHAYaeT caeryIone uycris 3€ —PunuGeproso npoctpasiergo paaepuocrit ‘i -xwanronol cucrestet S. lonycriw, "70 Trlr = Yar, cnexrpansioe npexerapiemne miGmonaeMoit A, exe 2, — coGcrmewnpte ‘Harients 1 0, ~ cobcrReKHt BeK- ‘Top, coorsercrsyiouuit A: {4,)!_, - epronopsans- nbtit Gaaite npocrpanicrsa 1 P,— mpoexita Ha coo- cmentioe mpoctpanctae oneparopa A (HarAHyToe Ha CoGerueiiihie BEKTOpHA) € COGETHENMDA 3HaMELI Mt 2, BoaMorktioe akaviesmte mpoekTuBHIOFO IaNepe- bi OvacsaeT coGcrHCHHOMY aHaMeHiO A, HaGMONAE- 2007KBAHTOBbIIt HEWETKUM BbIBO/L {UI CO3{|AHHA BAS 3HANMIL BL Noit A. HaGmoxaemas A cocroanua |y) = 0") BoCHpOMsBoANTe! KAK aHaeHwe A, ¢ BepomTHOCTMO raxue, 470 4, ME €,, 002256 {creat cOCTOn fy) BOSMORHBA peiyasrar waMepemm onpesenseter Kak pm) (WAP, .W). a nocie raneperia cHCTeNa peHOpMaLtisy Pal) apm) yetaapanpaeten cpaxros us Teopitt peposTHoeTeH b= Yeon = DcviPalw) Noctysar 6 npoexrussbix WaMepeniiix noaysnt paomirtue m pasmbnx nanpantennax. Tlocnyaam oboGuernoro Koaumovoro wasepe- Hn. Monee oGoGulenHoro KBartToBOTO WsMepeHA Gannnyraa knaurronast cHcTeMa 5 B KOKeMHOMEpHOM ipocrpanerse cocrosnil) onucsimaerea HaGopon (M,) onleparopob iaMepesuit a TuikGeproBon npocrpanetne 3€ keanronoit citcreMel S, re msleKe im YRasbIBAeT Ha ROSMOKHBHT WeXON (pesyanTar) nponecea amepenmit. Oniepatopit waviepentit yn0- snernopstor yeaoumio noauornt: ),, MyM, = J. E au. cocToamie citcTeMBL S ect [y) HO HaMepEHIEA, TO bepOsTHOCT: HOYT ROIXO|OE 3HaNeHNe m OMIpe- x pim) = (y|MLM,|W). B nocaeanem MbIpExCIL HW aee cHsIBOA “T™ osHIEr onepa- uO conpaxcnte yurrapHore oneparopa. Tlocne HeMepenii eucrema S pevopwanayerca Kak M yl) pln) eve 8 cocronmme [y= Tlonwora ypasyeruit (22) weawercs Ka lw) = Hs qanuoi Moneau waxtepenmit Kak Hacritoil eye ‘CHEAYKO MOEA NPOCKTHBABIC HEMEPEKIE H TOO ITenbHO-onperenenitbte _ oMepaTOpHO-satIMBIe (11003) mepit waepenm, Tax, nanpiisrep, Coat My yAOBRETBOPET ABYM HONOAUHTEABHLIM OFPANNCHA- si: My = MY, My My, = Bygq My, YO TOnySHM MpeA- eruMeNnyIO PANE MOJE MPOCKTHBEKK. HAMEpE- unit, Tpit puutomuenn yerouus B= MyM, seem 11OO3-wepbs aamepenstt, B knatrronofi Teopim muopaanun cyutecrayior eTporve NpaBiLta A 3akOHBI, OMICHIEAKOMLIE MpOUeC col iaunesienn mpopsauits Hs HEIIBECTHOO KBAR 6 HSBECTHS PALL TEOPHA H CHCTEMBI YNPABIEHHA Tonoro coctoauus. Peayzkrar mpoekraMiibix HaMepe- lit KuaurTODKIX GuTOB OAKEH GurT® eebopmyanpo- Ball B KMACCHYECKHX TepMutax, Bonee TOsHO M0008 poextupkice Mepentie o;ore KnawToKoro Gwrra Inpiskocirr-ToaKKO OHH KaACCHMECKH Ott HAEbop sta lin, TlostoMy. HeeMoTps Ha eytutecTnoname Gecko~ HENHOTO MHOACCTHA HOSMUAKHDIX KHAHTOBBIX COCTOR- bit KeaHTOROTO OrtTa, 3TH CocToAM ie PaemEUIML, He cymecrayer npoueccon iawepentit p pamkax Mo= ean chon Heinarta, ¢ HoMOUHO KOTOPBIX MO:KAO 13- Bee unbopssautiil Goble, “ext ORIN OAKIETACME ‘Sur uHebop art 1 KRARTONOFO Gurra, HgenTuepuKA- Unit COCTOREIA KEAKTOBOTO Gitra He AELIAETCA NOMHOH, ‘Te. fa MeiraRecTHOTO COCTOMHK KRAITTOBOTO GitTa |) © HOMOMIDIO MPOEKTHBHBIX HaMepeHtt HeBOSMOAHO onpegesitrs ero nctitunioe cocrosttie. Havepenne co- roams keatttoporo Gura [y) = a0) + b]l). coorner- erayiouree waGniogenino {6,, C2} (ue O¢Cs) rosinpocrpavcro, Haatayo€ Ha cocrouute 0) ({1)). eam, pyewsmt eaOBANIT, CO-TACHO CraNFTAPTHOMY BI ‘merirTeasHoMy Sascy (JO) . (I). smecr posxounbIN peaynetavom Gur 0/(1) ¢ nepostruocrto [af (>). c0- crouse y)= a0} + }1) Konaancupyer # cocromtse [0) (1). Bor npyran acboperamts, conepaxautasca n cy- Tepnosium ReoSparumo norepawa. Toa ony jut 1 Gnionarens KoutTOoLAi Garr npeacrannseres KaK cay. ‘rvinas nema © ONpedeseHMBIM PacrIpeneTeHHIEM eposrmocteit. Onttako KeaurTontait Gir [y) =.) +B] MOAHO IGMEPHTs ACKE OTHOCITTEMNO APYFHN Bht= ‘unemurreabitbhx Gascon GecsmestcHnbis oOpaxoM. Ha- NpHINEp. Acro MeHOMBAyeTEH jyamTNHbAl Bure ‘Tosbuttt Oa3He @ = 1 Zien p-} [OO+ IYI = o> -19. IW) = Lea I)09 + [a—HI)1)) warsmepenue |y) 8 2rom Gasuce paer 0 (ium 1) ¢ ne- PostHocrni0 Sao? (nan Sa —6)"} Tipumevanne 5. Koannouane kaaccuveenux onepamopos 6 pasauanutr eoeucaumersreux Gasicax {0 Coomeemenieut KeanmoweLe H KaacctEsECKUX One pamopoo), Pacenorpint 8 KatlecT#e NpmIMEpA NpOGAe- My “KaaiTonanita” saylaustoro KiaccHYeCKOrO Onepa- ‘Topa. SlonycTHM, HTO KaccH'IeckHM OnepaTopoM smn waeTeH ownOGirrOsAN ONEpaKHA OTpHuadtiA “HET” (NOT gate), KoTopaa KoHBEpTApyeT Gir (a) B Ero HO- 6 20782 AMTBHHUEBA « xp. noanenne (1 ~ a). (a =0. 1). Herpyano noxaaern, To, B KaNecTRe KRAMTOBOH COCTARNAOMIEN 3TOIt ONepa- MH OCTATONHO BbIGpaTH yHHTApHyIO Marpiny Tay- am-rana 6, = ( 91 | Opnako ecan npruare onepa- 10 two orp ksanTovoro Gira w mie staxpHUDE = Xa. re »-[ ae } To BoIOsELETEA TOHHO a ornoutcane ¥, “> ¥\_,. C Apyroi croponss, MarpHta 10 Tiyan .=(} sae sannnercnenuno orpananna “HET”: 1, + nq Mph ycaosnu, 470 ALIINCAUTe-TKAMBIL OHNE RBIOPAH APYTHM. OOpAZOM, + ae) Tan. bili npocroi npuMep noKasimacr saBneMMocTE, poneyypbt YeraNORNEHHA KBAHTOBO-KAaccHtecKO- TO COOTHETCTRH OF BMIGOPA COCTOsHI B wbI4ACIN- Teaunom Gasuce. Bonee Toro, parke ecm BLIGpatt pmcaureaniell Gasc, cyitectt BapHaNToR Las NannHertero ormcaNuN onepaun. Tak, 1anpiMep, ecaH wiiGpana oneparws 7,..T0 On ‘ve. B Brine N= fa)’ “al, ene fa) parop 6, = “ ©" | roxe peamnyer xonuepri- oO posanme Gura y,—“> ¥,_,, as saqanuelx sHaueHMt yr now (8, @). Crawtapmias onepanver orpananis. pit 8 = 6 = 0 awaacten TonbKo BapHattToM. HO He CHAK CTBEHHO BOINOAHLIM. ITOT dhakT OOwscHAETEA cpt sneckoit Mpuponott KBAHTOBEIX COCTOAHI, KOTOPIE onwcbimakores snytann, a We nexTOpast B PHUTKOEPTO- BOM mpoctpauctnc. Fpynceasihie apryMtcHrht HMe= LOT MECTO HF HIpHt YeraHoncHMH OOpaTHoro cooTmeT- Crain MERRY KBAMTOBDIM H K-laccHT4CCKHMI OMICpa- Topamit, T.e. KBANTOROMY —ofleparopy — MoryT CooTBeTETHONATS PasHBIE KANACCHMECKHE OnepArOpe. Tax, manpumep. Oneparopy 6. coomercruytor Kak. ‘onepanns unentusioctH: Y= Y,. Tak WonpUNaNNA! ny Mh Pacenorpii apep npienenia Mojenen 1aMe- pentit » keaHToBbIx sotinesesix. [ycrb aii CO- {CranHias Kral Topas CHCTEMA HE ABV KBAUTOBEIX GUTOB f RINE AEKTOPa COCTOsMIT F KONTLTEKCHON NpOCTpAH- cree C's sutneaiension Gasuce Jy) = ap]00} +101) +ap)10) +a. 2.3) HQBECTHA PAH. TEOPHA H CHCTEMDI YMPARIELINS Ormetum, To (2.3) apasetca OGoGmenHbIM 3ary- ‘Tanmuim cocrostmem, Eco waMepserca neppbiti OHT W Jy). TO cyleerRyIOT ABA BOMOAULIX pesyabrara: nepsbiit Gr panew nya (in = 0) nn enniuc (m1 = 1). B nepnon caysae cooruercrayio- tuutii onepaTop OGOGuIeHHOre H3MepeHua onpenens- eves KaK My = /00)(00] + JO1XOI}, bo Bropow M, = [10X10] +|LIX 1]. Bepowtaoers coGerrit“nepabi ‘Gurr B cocrosmiult |y) ecth NyAIK” RIAUTICARETes B BIEIe PO) = Cy|MoMd|w) = faol? + fa,[?. Toca n3meperns cocrostitie onpetezeTes Kak Iyy = Md Malw) aq{00) + «108 PC) eylatantely) shad + Bo propom cay'iae uepowrnoers, sro nepsbiit GUT B coctosunt |y) ects enmuma, ompecmienaa Kak pay WlMtan|y) P + aq i nlocne wamepenns COCTOAMHE CHETeM! OnticRaeTCH 1 CAE RYIOHEST BHA: Ml MilW) _ _ 4,{01)+aslt1) Ye) fovlatim ly) TLaa pacescarpussaemore utemoro isvepenta M,, MOO BbIpasurh 4epes oneparophi npoekTHRHOrO LaMepcHHs: M, = Pip +, M) = Pyy + Py. tC Pip, Poy. Pig. Puy — cooractctaylo- mute npoeK ita npocrpaxero C*: Ww’ 1000 0000 Poo =| 9900] p, | 0100] 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 py-| 2000] p,-} e000] 0010 0000 0000 ooor rae Ppp + Pp) + Pig Py = 280) ngenrrmanesil one parop 5 C*. Marpanot My, M, apssiorea joyxMepitbi- Mut npoexropasit 8 C2® C2 w Moryr Gerrs nepensica- bt B BHITE GaTOUNEKIX Map oo oe me(oo} we rte F2)—ytenruunss oneparop B KosnaieKeHoM npo- Cipancrsc €2, Hetpyiwo npowepitts npasabise whitc= Acne. "10 BbInOAIIRETER CreRYIONLee HEOGxOFUIMOE yestom MiMy + MIM, = 0. M6 2007KBAHTOBBIM HEVETKHH BbIBOM JA CO3IALLHA BAS SIAL 8 Pacenorpiss coornercTayIoMlyto msamMocnAaD ¢ TOO3-mepawm usMepeni, Tipu aos sui aayx NOOB-wep, exenya onpenerenmto, nepHo Mo = Mo Ey = MIM, = M, WEytE, = 1". Ecnu w3Mepaerea propoit Gut B cocrosumnt yy), TO MECTRYIOT [188 APYTHX BAPHAHTA BOSMOAHBIX Pe- a¥anTatoe Mepenitit (mm = 2, 3): suum BTopoit O4r nb, #11 EAM. B nepsomt enya coorserersyiownft oneparop Go6ueHUOrO WPMepeHIA — My = 00}(00] + |10}10) 1 sa wroporo ~My = [10X10] + [LX I), re My = Ppp + + Py My = Po, + Py, Onenitaio, To Ranibie wpxepe- mit ¢ noIMO:KHDINT 3HaMEHISM (m= 2, 3) OT-LHEAKOT- oH OT npesbinytcro Bapiacra (nt =O, 1), O6eymim ocoSenriocrit choprcamava omucars xnaxronbix npotteccon itaNepexiit Ha REGRHOM MpHNe- pe ooduenteix samepenth coctosmaii Beata, Ha- Rowmte, sro veTBipe cocrosuns Bena w= e(loop [UD IY! | cos ln elton SRAMOTOH MAKCHMAILNO SANYTAHIANGE H OGPAsytoT Sasic samyTamix cocronutil B Npocrpanerse C*, Hx MacTO HasbIBALOT “MATHMECKHMI™ 8 CHAY HEOOBLAILIX, dhiisimteckiex cBOMICTE H BAKHOI POAM B KBAHTOBKIX surmenenuax. BrinemiM actanit caysait: |") + (00) +11)). Een wanteparrh nepastit Gur 8 {6 B +o, Kak i panee. cyutecTByer aba BoaMOAHEIX peay.nb- ‘ava jw ryan, unt equim, Ee m = 0. aseex pa tee ripuseacnittt napnaier o60Gutenoro Hastepe tin My. Beposrsocts, 70 mepabift Gurr n cocrosuun |p") Gyner 0, onpereasetes n nine p(0)= ("|My MgO") Tlocae ismepenns invicen KnaltTonoe cocTosHHe Lio) b> = 7 {2 |00) Kenandey 5 Jl caysian m= | enpapeaampa anazorna papaanra oGosutennoro waMepenisa M,. BepoatHocrs, 70 stepsniit Girt cocTOsMHN |p") paBer [_ swlNcateTes = (o'|Mia ey = 4. Thon oayHMM KBAHTORDE COCTORIME ax p() vaMepenma =D) /2|11) H3BECTHA PAH, TEOPHS H CHCTEMbI YIIPABIEHAA 38 6 1 +5 ikaK pesyanrar p(0) + pI) (Sakon coxpa- Hents neposrruocreit). Orwerins, ¥ro oneparopst M, M, annmorca TOO3-wepasin ania oGOOUCHNIX #1 Gmionaembax. PaceMoTpisé XopoUlo HIBECTULIA MIL tum donoanumeneuocmt Ya OyarbHocntt CHCTEME SuacTutta-pomtia”, KoTOpbtit caYKHT ocHOBO! naR MHONUX KOHIETUM & KBABTOROH MexAHHIKe, Koanmoseai dyaaues “wacnnne-soana” 6 so- deans npoueccos ussepenus, Ha crpyxtypiom YPOBHE MOTE KRAHTOROM MEXARTIKH COCTONT 13 ABYX COCTaBHDIX MacTefh, NEPBUA Its KOTOPLIX onepA PYET € TlOWrTHEM KHAHTOROTO CocTORHS Mecnenye- Moit xnanTonoil enerems a RTopas - opHeHTHpORA- Wa Ha KRaWTOnyIo UAMiTKy (SBOMONTHO KBARTOROM cnctempt), Haiitinie xByx noAXOTOB cHasaNO ¢ Aya: AWMaMON “HaCTIiKA-Boma” ONNICARNS AUHAMIMECKHN OGbeKTOR KBAHTOBOH MEXAHHKH. OTMETHM HEKOTO- pote ocoGenHOcTi 1 CeOlICTBA KBAHTTOSOH 3bO¢OUNMT MW B3ANMOCRASH MpOHECcoB WaMepeHIT € AYaANTaMOM NpeAcrawnens AHHAMIMECKHX OOBERTOB KBAHTO- Bofi MexanukH. PaceMOTpHM BONHOBOE NpescTaBne- nue KBaHTOBOH suMaMNKH. FlonycTHM, ¥tO cocTOR- Hite KUAUTOBOH CHETEMBI OTHCDIBACTEA B CICAytO- mem pine: jy) = Yuli). me Sa, 0) ompeacaser stiorkecrBo oprorenamuibix RexTOpOR. can /> 2, 70 rosopan, 170 jumnannika jaHHOn KRAK- ‘ropoit cicrebs nMleeT BonHORo!t XapaxTep. B npo- ‘Tinuom cnysae /= 1, KRAHTTORAS CHCTeMA ONACKRAE! Amianisteckoe HoneneMMe ONO 4acTIIMDL H NODTO- My Pelth MAET O KOPIYCKYASpHOM MORENEKISN pac- ccoraTprtpae worl ctcrent Cad suimpun u npouecers Keanmooorx wanepe- ‘aui OBparusen & nowsTIO ce MaTpHND! A, KOTO Polit 3amienmacres Kak ey¥Ma ce ATOHATEAX 3ne- eston ay: Ftd) = SS, Ay. Caen waypnues ansees uukmiieeKoc cnorietno ul auniceH. Tpennonoxkin, sero cocrosime jmyx dpustecsix cucten Aw B ont ccoibaeros oueparopos mioruoctu p™. Peavunpouan bu oneparop maorwocTi jaa cuerestit A apesera uM & CleayrouteM Binte: p* = Trg(p"). rae sacruutt caea T'— oTOGparkenue onepaTopos. W3BeCTHIBIS KAK criti enen wax cicreMoit B. B peaymsrare p= Trap") = Tryp" = kryay] ® Mb) = = (laXa)7 (lb). Macruuitt exe oneparopa. Taxis o0pasom, snaseres HHCrpyMeHtLapHEM KOAIECTICHHOTD OMMIEAK NA a- Saojaembrs NoncHicTeM, HaxORSILUXEH 6 KOMMOSTNGE cocrasnoit cncrentt ‘Lov pasanssemitn xwairronbsx coctosimi ypesyiorca palrroniie mancpettia, [pockimioe mvepenKe Hap oxccTeMosl nONOGKO oflepaloiwasTHA sacTHOTO 2007 684 caena, Jlonyerims, sro umeerea cocromne GHZ caeny- mero BAA: oH7) = 40,0400) +[1stote) 2 (Ganyranwoe Tpexsacritunoe cocrosune uz Tpex xpanrrosbix Gur ABC). Torga yacruui cae Han O3- HUM KRaHTOBLIM OHTOM, HanlpHMep Han cHcTeMoHl A, Tr, (GHZ(GHZ)) 3105) + S008, rae pin = [050-)(0,0d, Pv = [IpleXtelef Te. noene aura YactHoro eacga Ha; clieremoH A aoneuerema 1 BC nner sepostocts p= 5. HaNoauTes 8 cocToa- HH py) HW pf, . CorsacHo noctymaTy KBAHTORBIX wamepenit, een nporaneseno npoeKTiEHoe W2Me- peune n Gazice (J0), JO1)} na cucremoit A, 10 pe- ayabTaToM Gyayr cocroanns |0) (cooTseTerayIomce pat) nan JO) (coorBeterayromee pi} ¢ Repoarwo- 1 eth p Pacemorpi renep» kBairToBoe cocrostie [iy) 1 1 ‘rpex Knastronsix Gnros Biuta br) = Te |LOp0c) + + [0,u0c)+|0,0:1¢)). Boanarene cesta keartronbin, owrom A 20 4 hurt yey Trees) = 3P00 + 5VaodWaels | (OpLc) + [10)) onpereser cocros- ue Beata. Takis oGpax0M, nocie mpoekrunore navepenis way cueveMolt A w Oaauce (/0),|1)) eucre- MOXXET HAXOAITRCS FCO 1 Ma c ReposrrHoctnIo p = 5 Be 2 rosin 0) (cooruercinyromen pas ) wep = £ weo- crommm |I) (coornereroyrouten [Y) ). Jlonycta, «cro Q— cocrapetas (tts BYx KBaKTTORBIX Girt Q, 1 Q)) eucrenta, KOTOpAR HAXORITCA B saNyTaH- ios cocroanmn Besa [0:00)=|h ted Mo HSBECTHA PAI. AMTBHHLEBA ¥ pp, Oneparop naorHoctH pg HMeer npentcraBnenHe (P@ateeye iM aid) rt A df (401 90)401o| ~ 0100941 Val = 4) 100-1 0000 oo00 1001 [Ei to} 0,09] + [Ha Lad(ts tol Butea sacri erex 0 cocromnA Broporo KBaHTOROrO Gia, Te. cicreMbl Q;. B pesymsrare POMYLUPOHANHELH OMePATOP MIOTHOCTH Py, = Po cer éxeayroutst mn Po = Tri(Pp) = ELT (0,040, 0) =P (40, 001 Lo) ~ Pry yO, Og)) + Tr Vo Lo) = 5.E10,)(00,101> 1c) (HAT 0.) ~ | Lad(OolOi]F 1) + + [oI DT = 5110004 + edt) = 1o)_t ah (oi}-3 Tipn atom yawrutnasioce, so cocrosHits oproro- Hanbut: (j0,) = 1. Q\|1,) =0 7.1, Orwerans, «70 n anviom mpumepe penyttHpoRARHOE COCTORAE Py - RET eMeMIANHBIM, TAK Kak Trl(poy'l = r(5) | Jlanmorit pesynurat xapaxrepusyet acoGo0e caoit- CTH KuANTOHOR CHCTEME:. MpHEUHMHAMBHO OTCyT- Ctpyiomiee & xaccimeckoit cncreme [8], Jeitcran- ‘TeabIO, COCTORIHE COCTABHOM cHETeMEI.“MIcTOe: TAQ oF | = Ln yeranoaeno Tomo (MaKcHMANHHAs uucbopwauna). Onkaxo neppbiit KBaHTOBEI GT Ha- 034 COCTORHNM, ITO OSHAMALT, TO cocTOAHHI AaHHOFO KRaHTOROTO Gita ad CaN NOMCHICTEME MMeEET CONE Xa omitieexoe monexenne, “em cocranaas. Tonobnoe crpanioe sura Kaaccitieckins encTeM CBOHETHO, Kor (© CocTapHOI! cHICTEME HMeeTER NOAA MEKOPMAN, 200 MoseHCTE MAS — TOADKO ACTS: MHebopMauE, xa- PAKTEPIAYET eMIOGOBHOCTH, KRAHTORDIX CHETEM K Ci- MOUpraHi Saul 4a CHET ICTOABSOBAMA CBOIICTBA Cy nepkoppestsumnu (KRalTODOH KOPpeAsINM), COnEPKA- cites B sanyrammbix cocroammax. Hema 3a cxer PEOPHS! H CHCTEMDIYNIPABAEHHS N66 2007KBAHTOBBIM HEYETKHM BbIBOJI JU18 CO3AALIMS BAS SIAN 85 xaminnis Keairrovoft Koppensuin y AByx cMetaHibIX cocrapinix cocTomMH HoABILMaCs BOIMOAKHOCT Op- raNt2ORATL wICTOe cOCTOsHNE. DaomoMis COCTORHI KBARTORO! cHCTENDL OMIM coisaetea ypasnenment Lipenunrepa, OGoomennste {XSaHTOBHE JuMtaMMEckHE NpOtteccor (popMactisyI0T- © KRaHToRIIMMH onepaTopanm. TIpHRIN RonOmHH TerBHOCTH NPeATORAraeT AYAAHSM “KacTHUA-BomHA’ upu onucatutit kearrToROrO OOBeKTA, Has WaRACHEHAS mnropwatut 0 noneneHitt XBAHTOBOTO OOKEKTA HE- ‘oOKoANMO NPOBOAMT. KBaNTOMEE WaMtepenns. Yi ‘Tapiisie onepanimn comsart ¢ BomtropbiM npencTane HileM AMHAMMECKOTO HOSEAELIR KRAKTOBOTO OOBEK- 1a, Onnaxo neynitrapunie onepatopet paspyntaioT BONHOBYK) KAPTHHY OMMCARNR CHCTENDI H MIpHBOMAT K KOpHyCKyaapHoMy upeacranicHtino, B_ KBaITOBOM caysae llomora i KappeKTHOCTs OTHOMIENMT TpeBy tor noinonvediis Yexoatit Fp) = 1. 170 As KBAHTO- BbIX HaMepenmit Heptio B eHiay ypannenns (2.2). Onc alu |BATHA cTeRA OBHatIZeT, TO c onpeMeMEnHO- CTHIO MoaHO OGHApYAIITY HaCTHNY § MpOCTPANeTHE Cocrosiiiit, nocie Hero Ro:THORDE OBE FeHHE KANTO Boi l@cTHut paspywlaeTca. Pacemorpim cnysail KRAHTORGIX HaMepeHmt ¢ 10- MoutbIo npoekTHBHAIX onepauut. BepoaTHocTe pe- ayabTaTA HIMEPEIIE, KAK OTMEuAZIOCL pantee, OMpeRe- azerca 8 wwe pn) = (y|MaM,|y). Tax Kak nocne Upoextuniioro aMepeHisH COCTOMNE KNAHTOBOIL cH- Cresta oproroxtatasio, corsacwo onperenenno [Y) = =} al, ¢= 1-0 ce wonegenne nocere xopnycxvanp- out xaparep. Taki o0pasoM, paspyilaeTor BOIHO- oe npescransenme. Onviako mocre MOOS-wamepe- Ft KBaHFTOBAs CHICTEMa MOAKET OGNARAT BOAHOBBIMIL cootiermawn, Jlonyetun, ro KnanTonan cHcTeMa AByx- wepra 8 Gastice 1)0). [I)}. Paccmorpus MOOS-Mepy TaMepeHUs B aie TpeX OnepaToposs Zar ft +B nh = 2 4 0)-Iprcor-ap: 142? Ey = f-E,- Ey Koropbie nonapo HeoproroMtatbibt, Tocte TOOS-43- MepeHitit KUANTOBUR CHCTEMA MMECT KAK GoAKO- oe, TAK Ht Kopnyeky2apHoe ToBEREHHe, MoroGHas ROnosUNTETHHOCTH cyMecTAYET MERAY 3anyTAH- HbIN COCTOSHMEM (KBAHTOBOM KOPPEMAUMEH) I Ht Tepdepeuuuiei. Mepa knartrosoft Koppeamu (en tanglemen) mpencrabaser yOorBawulyio ¢b¥HKUINO OT Mepbi “npospasmocri™ (visibility), sapueamnent 1 uittepehepenim. Pacemorpim. tonoanmtesb- HOCTL MERAY KBAHTOBON KOPperAuNEH HW MHTEp- thepenunelt ma mpHMepe OGotuEHHOT cocToRHILA Beazra HSBECTHA PAH, TLOPHSi H CHCTEMBI YAPABIIEHHA 6 Tpumep 7. Jonoaumeavuocme aewdy auny- mannii cocmonnuest w wumep¢pepennuett. BoaMem Gosujentioe (aanyrawvioe) cocrosnute Besa |y) = al0;}03) + Of0y);) © orpanusienuess xa avnosryabt ReposTHOCTeH, cneayioUNIA. 13 yeAoUS yIIeApHOCTH: a += 1. Tponesem ynurrapnoe npeotpaonauie ¢ oMouutute oneparopa (warpisy.t) Bpantems no nepeo- My Bbrsiemmrenbiiowy Gaancy {10,).[l)] sa nepaoro, xtsttroporo Gara [0,) —+ coso_;)-++ since|L,) unany- sus 8 peayaerate Iv) —= Iw’) = aCeosnf0,) + sina i,))]03) + + b(cosall,) - sine0,))]1) Caeayioujett onepaunelt ocymecrau HaGmonenne iepworo KwaltTOBOTO GirTa Ges BOSMYtUENTA BrOpOTO. Bepostocrs wannes cocrosume [0,), onpenensemast 1+(a?=b'}cos2c1), ananerea Tuna l 3l upuaepomt aqxbexta urrepdepenumn, cca srrep- nperuponarh yron U KaK ypAansiemsall napaMerp. Mepa “npospasmocra” urepdpepennnt P= la? — b Kak cpisitieckas sepa pesyabrava ipvepennit oma MCMeHET. ECM HAMATHNOE COCTORHNE GLIID MAKCH MIO JARYTAHETIM (MAKCHMATHO KOPpemIpOBA- bie), re. mpi a? = b?, Tansas dpususicekas sepa aK ‘cuamoita, Kora cocTominte pasaeMHMo (T. Mpst a= 0 win b= 0) (C apyroit cropomss, wanecruo. #70 Mepoitsanyran- ocTHt COCTOsH (KBARTOBOIE KopperHporaHHOcTH) IVAMT ACTH CEI 10 ONHOMY Hs COCTORHIT B Bi je ottrpomint chor: Heftaia (ompenestenme eM. 1xe) E Kaw Pop -a'loga’ — b'logh”, (Pres) rye peayuntponasbiit onepatop mioTHocrH Pre = Tri Xw'] = Try) = =a" 0,04) + OL) Knanroraa Koppesamia noayacr MaxcuMambsoc anascunte E= Lipi =6° wsummsanbitoe E=0. cca =O an b= 0, Taxis oOpaz0m., "lem spite KBaHTO- haa KOppessiunia COCTOsIIB, Te Micke “upoxpas Hoorn” mTepebepeuttit H HaoGOpOT. Apyras nonyaapuas Mepa Koppeasmua, wtenye- Maa oTpmitateaHocrs N onpereAgeTca KAK OTPAA- TEAMOE HRINEHNE YABOCLHOTO SHACK HAHMEH- Marpuuat naoruocrn, Caegosirenbiio, N= fd). Me- pa joTomHiTeRbHOCTH BbIpARAeTeR B NAHHOM Cy HAE kak N? T= = 1, Tora ssanmoorwomente Mexny 30- AYTAHKKIM COCTORIHIEM H uNTEprbepeHtUIEN creAyer 13 Orpantiens p nune YinTapHOCTH KEAHTOBLIX One paropor: «2 += 1 Taxis oGpazom, a Monestax KA Mepbt KBAHTOBOIL KOppexauNCH srTepebepEMUNH HE ABARIOTCA He sa ‘caUsabintl, 3¢pqpeKTHABHOCTH TOMEKA yerle4UKIOTO pe- 200786 mena ¢ nosoutbio KA onpegeaseres msanMooTH0- MIeHIEM MeALy HIME, Tpume p 8 Mpoexmuposanue keaumosoer a- Zopumaareecktur s4eeK We KEAHMOBOe NPOasMUpO- eanue, OcHosy MeToIa MPOEKTHPOBATIR KBANTOBDIS AATOPITMNMECKHE CXEM_ eM MOj|OGHHX MeTORO chopsuposanua HoBbix THOS KA cocrannaeT cere Ma TPOEKTHPOBAHINL KBAHTOBLIX. AArOpHTMUMECKI seek (KAM), onncannas 8 [8, 10,23]. Kak w 8 ome erpyktype KA. erpyktypa cicrentii npoekTupopaniis KAS octozaria na tbopmaaicsausit onitcattaa Tpex oc- HOBHBIX KRAMTOBKIX OMlepaTopon (cynepnosHun. KpanTopo Koppeamunn (sanyrannbtx Cocrosti) mrrepehepe nut) 1 iaMepeHisa & RINE aneMeHTApH EX SBORIOUOHABIX YiATApHELX OneparOpOB. B CoOTBET- Crnmu ¢ KeanrTonoit cxemori KA jamie oneprrops1 COGpaHBI TeRAOpHBIM H MPAMBIM MPOHsBEReHHEM B CMMI 9BOMOUHOMHBI KBALETOMDIIL yHiITApHBIA ouepatop [10, 23]. Crpykrypno KASI peticrayer iia HaMANKATL KAMOMUMECKHIL GABRCHBIA BEKTOP 4 Chop MUPYeT KOMMAEKCHYIO sMEMEAMyIO KOMOMIEAIIO CO- Crogmit cOCTaBANONINX KIACCHHECKHX BEKTOPOB (naabinaemyto cynepriosiunett) B BIE Oas1iCHBIX Bex TOpOs Kak BLINOON pesy.ntsrar eFICTR OnepaTopa ‘eymepnosinuin. Cynepnosniia conepsxT R KaMeCTRE ‘Onno Hs COCTaBAROUINN mMKpOpManMO O peMeTM ncenenyemoit npobext:. Flocne mpotiecca ¢hopsmpo- ania cynepnosMuit B KAS npanenaiores ontepato- bl KeaHTTOBOH KOppeAsILi, HETTEpKpepeHt 1H HMC PERNA c LeMbIO HBAeMEHTA sHPOpManMN OG TKO MoM pemenii. B keaHTOBOM Mexannki npoucce HoMcpeHINa HociTT HeOGpaTinwmtt xapak rep i ABAACT- 8 HeneTepsatimposanKion Onepaunel, «To NpHBOMITT K HIMepCHULO TOSO ORHOFO 13 GASNCHLIX BEKTOPOB, 8 chopsmposanion cynepnosumun. BeposTHocts Kaxxgoro GashicHoro BEKTOPA OosTh, PesyABTATOM HS- MepeHis & COCTAKE CyNepHOSHIH MPH 337.aHHOM Bhi “IMCTITENDHOM GasHICe IABNEHT OT KOMMUTEKCHOTO KO~ oxbepuunenra (aseuutryaet BepostHocTH). Mpowece ocratioua srrepauiomitoro zeicrana KAST ocynicern- SI8eTCS NPOTPANMABIM: TIYTEM Ha OCHOBE NpHBIIATA AatnnMyMa inbopmaunomor aurmpomiat “etre: TYANMHOO KHAHITOBOTO COCTORHMA”, cO/epxaINerO LHeHtyto mHebopMauHto OO HeKOMoM pewter |10, 261. KAA Moryr Guirs peamionare: ¢ noMOMIbIO TIpO- TpaMMO-ANMApaTHOH MORLEPAKH SBOTOUONTTE KnaxTonbix aprutcrentii B krairtosow mporpasiairponanii cymtecrayer jlo- KaxaTeAhcrso noaHoTHT oMHcaKTA KAM ¢ noMotttI0 COOTRETCTAYIOULX APOTPANMIDAX 5F4IKOH NOBHI Holi cemanTHeckoft naiparrrrembAoeTH 10}. To ans OTH C CYULECTBORAIIHEM IKBMALICHTHOCTH B TeOpHt GMKICTERH, KOTOPAR OCHOBAHA Ha KAACCHMECKI a TopITMAN, WaRECTHA THHOTeSL OG oxuMMATEHTHOCTH, Meck UPeUCTABAHIIEM. BLIpaKeHtit KBAHTORKNE One- Panmit Ha CHATAKCINECKOM. YpOBHE ¢ CONpaHeHKEM. TOAHOTI HX OMTICAIIEE 44 CHET BKIHONEHI B KBARTO- [Bile SIKH IPOTpawMAPOBANTA CeMATHMECKOH BEIpA- AUITestRHOCTH KBAHTOBEIX OnepaOpOR (Ha YURILHO- H3BECTHA PAK. MTBHHUEBA a yp, HaaLHOM ypoBHe ONHICAHUS TeHICTaMHT KBAHTOBEIX Omte- pavopos). OHH #3 ecreCTBeHHBIX URArOH 8 9TOW Hanpanaenun asnsetes paspa6orka mpiHiyiMoe orH- MecKOro suiBodA M MpOBEPKIL HETHRHOCTH cyACeUNit B S9BIKAX KRAHTOHOTO MpOrpaNiMuypOwArIns! UF HBOCKA- uur nporusopesntit 6 NonyMiaeMoM cTeACTBH TOTHIE- ‘ckoro phinona. K TaKHM s3bIKAM KBAHTOBONO MPOTpaN- Mupopaitua creayeT oTHeeTH, wanpmMcp. s3ntK QML (Quantum Programming Language) (10. 27-34] Paceworpitm, kak ocyttiecraaserea # samiKe QML empoTuBopesNBOE OnHicaKMe OnpenereMLA AeTCrOMA ‘onepatopa Azanapa B eneayoutes Enc: Hs if rthen(false +(-I)trueyelse( false + true) OueHHMt nomioTy H HCTHHHOCTE RARHOTO BhIpArKe- nt, KOTOpoe akbiAAeHTHO MpOBepKe HCTHHOCTH TOTO, TO MOCKETOBATENDHOE jleFICTBAE OMEpATOPOB Agawapa HH) 1a bynxumonactbrom ypopre omit ‘aNWA MIPHHONNT K PesyABTATY, IKBHBACHTHOMY .t, Jna 2Toro HenoaBayeNt cxeryrOInyI Moslem TOF NccKOrO BbLBORA K3HIKA QML [29]: (I) = if cifcthen (false +(-lirue)else (false + true) then (faise + (-I)true) else (fatse + true) by commuting conversion for “if” zits then if (false + (-I)rue) then (false + (-Dytrue) else (false + ue) else if fulve + true) then (false + (-Dtrue) else (false + rue) = by “if” =ity then (/aise — fale + true + true) else (false + false + true — true) by simplification and normalisation = if-ethen rrue else false by nenule for “if” =x QaeMeHTE! Topi NpoRepKH MOMKOTEE H HCTIINHO- ern cemarrrui pyitkusionansitoro onncanus KA Ha sabIKe (PYRKUNOHATBHOTO KBAHTOBOFO MPOTPANMA ponartst QML onucast p [10, 27-34]. 3. Keantoseie mbopsranionmnie nponecest 4 3a- komu1 koamrroooit Teopit micpopstaun. Hicbopsaiui- ‘onmtas s#Tpont Ulewhowa onpenensieTea Ka Hip) = Ypiloge: SuTponna pox Heftwana ume caenyrountit BHA: “(p) = -Tr(plogp) 207 TEOPHA H CHCTEMBL YTIPABIEHHS 6KBAHTOBDIA HEYETKHM BbIBOL WIA CO3MAHHA BAS SHANA 87 B wacrHom caysae. Korga maTputta p ANarorIaABian, naGmodacTes TOXRCCTECHHOE paneNcTuO suTpOTTAA ix wep Ilentiona mcbor Heitwaira, OxnaKo saKorst CHENCTBNA KBAHTOBOR TEOpHAT InKpopMaLEH HNEIOT PS NpMHUMARBAEIX OFC IPH KMAHTTOBOM OOOO luxettt KaaccirrecKoit TeopHAL HepopmauM Wentoma [8, 10, 35-37], Mecnenyest xparko na npiepax tteko- ‘Topbie #3 THX OCOGeMOCTE:, HeTlanBAyEMMIE w MONE sax KHB. Tpumep 9 Pacenorpii ocoennocrs oscar Hust 1 HepOpMANHoUTIOTO autatH3a YaNyTaAHHLAK CcOCTO- sani Beana (0100) = [Hi to) yy = Sorat t fa 2 Tak kax cocrosine Besa ¢ onepatopost miorHocrit 24) smeroe. To Po mpencranaaeT uietEIM ancaMOaL, Tlostomy Heonpereseniocrs KeaIrrovoro cocronHit orcyterayer, T.c. a8Tpoms chow Heittatia S%(Pp) = 0. Peynponaninit oneparop ioTHocts py 28 KANTO oro Girra [Qh) core wacrubiti cen Han cHCTeMOA Q. Te. Po = Tr(Pe) 1 10 Sono + [yap = 4 . GOO + [E> {3°) Cacaosarennno, Knanronan HeOMpeNeNeHHOCTE B CO- crostini [0,) onpeseaserea sittponien cpout Henwatia ate (py) = 1. Takin oGpasom, mubopstanaonntsit anaana HeonpenecenHioeTit B CocTORHN cocraNHOT KBaHTOROIt CHCTEMM MOsBOMKET NETKO PaTHACHETD lamitune neoGLTaNbAX (MeKTaccHECKHX) CpOFiCtD: H- HOpUpOBAHHE B HEA HacTH BEMpopNtauiNK O COCTOAKHN ojeHcremm MURORNT K YRCATMENMTO KBAHTOROIt He onperesenoctu. B pesynrare Kuarrtoear Heompe- enenHocth 8 "HacTH” (noaeHcreNte) Q, Gombane, Heat 8 “noMHoR” (cocTaRHO!) KHAHTOROMI cHCTEME Q. Ta- kot aqubext orcyeTpyer B KnaceHYeckiIX CHCTEMAK B cy cHotiers. Meper iHthopsianwomott aETpoTIt MWentiona, Fpumep 10. Pacesonpuse cocrosie Besa jepTonOM npocTpaucroe w= Loo) + [11)) Pan A = I, @ Hy rnc Hye Hy = Hy. Marpruss anor HOCTH P n= [YXVL. P Pye OnPemEAOTER KA rool 0000 r P| 900 toot HSRECTHS PAH, TEOPHA 1 CHCTEMDL YHVABIEHHS x6 6 1 I 3995 0000 0000 lant 2003 Marrpuuia yonoBuoll MAGTHOCTH P.yp = Paw (4 ® Pp! (8 STOM caysae BUANMHAA Pyy HM MapriHatEsan 1 ® Pp METpiMUbI HEIOTHOCTH KOMMYTHPYIOT). Hs oNPexeETe- sus 32 Tponuu chou Hetivaua cnenyet SA) = SB) = |. Torna S(AB) = S(B) + C(A|B) = 1 - ‘ak KaK S(A|B) =—1. Cachosatembto. s orasse or KaaccHMECKOH TeO- prur mebopstauym Ulentona KnaHTosaR youOBHaR 3H rani cow Hervaua MoxkeT NpMUIMATE ompura- measHole MAMEHNA, KOTIA paccmaTpHBALOTes sary ranMble cocroauita. ItoT cakt wenocpencrsen Cxtsant © KBARTOBO! HCpAsAEMMIMOCTHIO ary TAHHDIX COCTORHHi, a CAME ONMT HHTTEpMPETUPYIOTEH KAK THE ratetcKu (cynep) Koppemtponamste cocrommms. Ta HI O6pa30M, OYputlaTemBHOCTH YeAORHO! 9HTPOLTL YKASDIGAeT Ha HAMHME SaNyTAHHBIX COCTORHI B CO- [CTaBHfOit KRAHTOBOH! CHCTEME H OMIpeeNseT IIEAHIOIO rpannuy 1x Koppeaaust [8. 10, 38, 39]. Cymectsonanne nanworo dbakra ycranosneno TAKKE B KKAHTOBBIX HOMCKOBBIX aropIrTMax Hopa i Tponepa [10. 26] 1 ncnoabayercs 6 pete npoGae- Mbt agxbekrHBHoro ocranona KA, OTMCTHM. TO He oe GaxOBLIE KnaccHHeckHe COOTHOUIEHHA H Hepael crHa HMEIOT KBaHTORBIC aHATOr, Tak. LANpHMEp. KulacewrueckoM caysiae M(x: y)Smin[ A(x), AQ) Tora kak # kHaHTOSOM cay ¥ae HepxHs rpaMutta sa- acres nepanenctnost S(X:Y)$ 2min[ SOO, SO] Keantonaa Topi wacbopmauut useeT crporo OGocHOBAHHISIE MIpApILTA, KAK WsBACKATI, muchopMa- iO 113 HeMSBECTHOTO KaHTOBOTO cocTosIES [8, 10, 35-37]. Onrrunautbitettl kuaNtTopait nporece H9BNe: HHS HeHHOR HIMbopKaLiN 1s MIAKEMAYAALA B3, cupoekTHponanttins ax dbiweMpOHAMNILIN CITY Yinpas-teii04 11a OcHlone asIrKANX BoISUICAEMEHR, OCHOBAIL ita MeTbIpex qhaktax KeattTOaO;t Teopin scpopMa- nin, npaBcnenimrs intKe. B sacTHOETHE, OKAsANO, ITO cytNIecTAYIOT: sehepeKTHMUHOE KiRAKFTOBDE CAATHE AMUNBIX: “cuEMIcHHE™ KAALCIMIECKOH M KBARTOBBIS Sacreit wncpopsanum 8 KBArrTOnOM COCTORIIT ROA {a5 KOPPEAAILA 8 KBUETOBOM COCTOAMHM ABARETER ‘CMECKIO” KITACCHNECKOR H_KKAHTTOBOA KOPPEL: HaMMHe eKpEITo! (HaGmogLeMOM) KraccIttEckoIt Koppewaumit i Kuatrrovow cocrosmmn, JTatee Kparko 2007Bs pacenarpinacres ¢pitantiecktit embicn nepesHescHBIX ‘chaxron 17x poms Bmponeccax MpoekTHpORAKIMK OTH MaIbIIbIX 1POUECOB H CHFHAAIOB yUpABLENIGL Ha OCHO- se KHB, Bakr 1. Iphermuonoe Koaumosoe cxamuc annex. B xraccreckoft Teopii inuepopMauinn Ilex HON MOKASAA, HACKOTDKO (TIPH SasamtO;t roMMoT) TPEREABHO MOKHO CKATH COOTINEHHE, COCTONIIEE MS N nesasneHsbix sitaKOB (%,). TE KALAMA SHAK ORD: BETES 8 COODUIEHILE C AMPHOPHOA BEPOSTHOCTLO P,. HenoabsyR NORATHE MACpOPMALKOXHO!! sHTpORHH. Mucpopsrannonnas sutponus Hlenkoxa Hip,) onpe- sengeten Kak H(p,) = ~Yp,logzp, Buo poxasano caenyioutee yrnepaxgenite: O10K Ko- Zon jMHO!E NH Giron AocTATONCH LA KORMPORANIS Bex THNOBDIX (HaGORee HACTO MOABAROUUEXCS) MO- caeuonaremtiiocrelt 6e3 y4era criocoGon Koupona- Hot HETITINIHBIX locnenOBATE:MHOCTEN COOBULEHIL Tipit atom wepostiocrs oumGKu KomMponanits (note pit muxbop aut) te mpesocxosurr 3anamubait nopor e. B knawToaot Teopait mnchop aun akan aBAAtOT- ca Marpitist nnoTkocrH, BosMoxubt AWA napstatra, Kora MaTprilibi naoTHOCTH coOTRETCTRYIOT _aH- ‘canG.rio uuctoix cocoa [,) Hit Kora aNtcAMEAD bopwupyeres Merpmuuanur IOTHOETH p, © BepOsTHO- ‘crite py, Pacemorpam aiicaMO.h COCTOSUH jLIs 8TO- poro Bapitanrra, B arom caysiae Marpitta moTHOCT coodnienmt, cocroamurs 19 MV aeaKoR, onttebnaeTes PSpe...@p.rne p= DV pald.MO ‘Surponns cooGmenni chon Heiman S) = =-Tiiplnp) uvcer npocroe coornomenne © 3HTporm- elt auicanGas. Sip™ = NS(p). HssectHo caenytoutee He- Pascrcrbo Mexny UlenHoHOBCKOR MAKpOpMaUOHHOA ourponiiett auxponneti chon Heiiwana: Hip) > Sip), re, swaNERHE HnYpopMalwoaHol a¥eTporiaH TesHoHA Npepbiulaer sHartene sitpomien chor Hefivana, 370 aster. *ffO MpHMEHEKHE KBAHTOUOH TeOpINE tie chopwaignt mosaanser ocymectHTe Gonee ryGoKOe oxartite ktaceneckori ncpopsauna [8, 101 Dax 2 Cyensenue (pasdercnue) uncpopsane 6 Keanmosos cocmoaiut 6 sude KaaccimecKol Reaumosbex acme. PACCMOTPHM MOREL OGOOIEH- woro wasepemst (ex. past. 2) na eocromun AA, suam kovopoh warpnua muoruocta usteer enenyrontee “npeneerme: . 2 ApeAr Tr(ApyAl) Konesnoe cocromme nogcucremmt B Gyaer Torpa YAvd! = Laws: H3BECTHS PAH. JINTBHELEBA 1 xp. DuTponn —perytmpocanvoro ¥, PS(p5). Koansecrao xnaccwueckoit wnchopsia- Unit, noayHeHKOR Ha HaMepentut i ¢ RepoRTHOCTIIO p; BHIPAKAETEA KAK HHdOpMatIOHHAR sHTpONH! Ulex Hona Hip). Ecat kpawronnie cocrosuma py upanaa- EKAT OPTOTOHAMHHbIM HOAMPOCTPAHCTBAM, TO 3H- ‘poms KOHEHOTO COCTOAHHA (nocne MMepeHnA) eCTe CYMMa peAYLMpOBAHHO! KRaNTOBOM JHTPOMK, Y,, r.8(pia) me RnaccHseeKoli mepopmau, Te. {Sn = HD) + Yrser) 7 Kanon x cocroamns —papna “Takis o6pas0M, KonmecTRO HKpopMauuaH, cOne- 2xalteitoo B KBAHFOUOM COCTOAML. MOET OBIT pasye- neko (CHeMTeHO B mie) Ha KHAHTORYIO Hf «cIACOHIE exyto sacri [40]. Foatomy mpi Moxemmponanis po- Gactupix crpyktyp HCY ¢ nomoutio OBS wone- AMpyerea Kaacewieckas 4aCrh Micpopsrauni, @ eC Oe- qhuqum Moxer 6517» onpenenen Kak [8, 10] Al {Ene4]-Srsien Hp). Moko ranaesb, eeyonareabio, zonomunrembHoe KomitecTBO HeHHO! KBaNTTOBON MpOpMaLnN 13 HNN BrayanbHbIx B3 Aaa TocTexyioUIero Heno30RAHNA pH MpoexTUpopariM nFTeANEKT¥abHOTO yOpaBe- HIG TIOBBINIEHKOTO yponHa. TIpH 3TOM IpHMIeHDHOTEA KGatrTOUBIE MPOUEAYPHI CAATI H peayKUENH 130brT0 HOR MHKpOpMalti, coMepxauictica B KAaccHHECKIX cumnaaax ynpareima (npipreKar cooTpeTCTAyIONIME MONIEAM KIKAMTTOHOR KOPPEAAUMIK B KBAHTOBOM a.IrO- purtwe KHB), axr 3. Koausecmea nosnoii, kamccwrecnott Keawnosoti xoppeantuuil. 3anytanHble COCTORHIA HI, 8 OGUIEM BILE, KBAHTOBAA KOPPENaUIA sRTsHOTCA TH unsntings «pHOHNCCKHIE PECYPCIMIL KBAGTTOBEIX BbI- smcrenii. Onnaxo He BCE BrIAbI KOppeNALUATT HNCIOT sicro kealeroNyIO UpHpory. Missin CORANE, MOMHDIE Koppenasi npencrawnaKor coGoi “ewect!” Knaccue- ‘C&O KBaxrToROMT KOPpeststUt [41] Alas orrrustanbxoro npoexruporanis CpepextiinHo MOCAMPYEMIN a KAUCCHMECKU. KOMIMBIOTEPAN) °st- aitHOrO KiTaCeA KA BAAHO 3HATH THT (H BHD) HEOGKO- Auf: KnaceH4ccKO KOPpensuUt. TAK. HAMpHMEP. CC: [It BO3MO>KHO OMPENEMHT, KIACCHIECKYHO S1ACTH KOPPE- Sau, TO, MCHOALYA OMTIMAABAEE TOO3-Mepet usvepentiat (ev. AeTamit n pasa. 2).AonycTMo Mem MaKciMaTbHoe KORIMECTEO WacpopMralinit B KaccHe- kof chopMe. Cone p»KAUICLICA 6 KBAHTOBOM COCTORHIM, C NutHIMYMON Ho spacranua sutrponisn [42, 43]. Kone NccTBO ROTO! KOPpexAttINt NOKET GwITt, pastemeto va KAaccHHeCKYIO H KRAHTOBYKO MacTH, JlAnHAA sepa TEOPHA HM CHCTEMBI YIPABIEHA 6 2007KBAHTOBbIM| HEYETKME BbIBOL A141 CO3/LAHKS BAS SHAHMH 89 oxMHDATeHMHA —Mepe MaKCHMamBHOi xnaccHHE- Cxofi/kBaHTOBOM sBaKMMHOH mHchopscauM MCA : B). com Xpaniia HCNOCPERCTECHHO MIPSIMyIO cpHBIMCCKYIO HH ‘Topnperaiino BxaNMOOTHOMeNHIE MeExRY coOTRET- crayrouunsr sepantt [44] axt 4. Cxpooman (nadaodaenan) Kaaccure- ‘ckan Koppeantun 6 Kaanmosose cocmonnu. B xBan- conoit Teoputn Mithopsaruis yeraHoRACH CeAyTOMU neoxnmannbtt cbakT. YcnoBile nponopunmlowanbHoro, Yoeansienna Koanuectua mipopwausit fglP) = max (4:8), “onpenencutoro nOKALTbUBINE HaMeEpCHHaMH M, @ My Ha COCTOSIMH Pyp, MOXET Burt HapyieHo pH HEKO- Topbrs 9kcTPeMATDHETE OFpAmAMMEMBEAX ta Hastaabit0e eaemtanitoe cocroanie p. Tak. HaMpHMep, Hamta:THABI OGbeM HEKbopMautiN B BME OMHOTO KraccHECKOrO, Gitta uuchop tani, noctaxHOro OT A KB, MOKCT yRe- “Aiguirrnca Ha 9TaNe MpHeMa Ha OnpeneneHAyiO Ben “omy B Koamuecrnestioit Mepe [e4(p) [45]. 30% «pak oSwacurcres ¢ nos deHoMena naGmoxenta KAACCIMCCKOM KOPPEATUIH B KRAKTTOBOM COCTOSHII p. Tak Kak nponopunonaabHoe yeeanieHHe KomHe- ersa mucbopstautnit /e(P) BhiNOAHRe TES Ha K:IaCCHE- ckoM ypoBite, TO cheHoweHt HaGmomeHIA KOppeTAULL ARISETCA MUCTO KRANTOBLIM 3qbtbEKTOM, BOSHAKAIO- UIs BEAESICTINE HEPASANHMMOCTH KBAITOBDIX HeOp- ToroHATAHHX CocroaMM. TlosToMy cymecrByIOT Kaw TOMLIE ABYSHACTIMDIE COCTOALIA, KOTOPHIE CO- AeprKAT GoAKIIOE KOAIECTRO KAACCHMEEKO! KOP| "Isis, HeaSAMFORAeMONT Ha KMACCHECKOM YPOBHE 1- 3a aenponopumonrabio Maz1OFO Aa ee NaGmO RENN eOSxo;UINOTO KOMHIeeTRA KnaceITtecKOit MAdpopsra~ LUM & Kariasre nepestasn (OrpaHMdEHHa® CHOCOOHOCTE repeat wHepopwantnn. Cymecreyer (2n + 1) KBaHTOREIX Girton, ¢ nOMO- MIBIO) KOTOPHIX ONHOGHTOBLE COOGULEHHE BABE Ye- AUMHBAeT OHTHNIAAIOe KOMMECTHO KaaccHHEcKOH sxanMHof wachopNanit KAK peaymbtaT HaMeEpeHt Mexiy nonettcTeMasa. B oGuteM caytae ja noeaaH- bix 72 GirrOR nponexowunT ywesmwere ykersANOrO koaectaa inacpopsanntt 20 1 Orrtoe, Haryanrs yka- samubait xfpeKT 18 Ks1ACCHMECKOM ypOBIIE EBOINOR- Ho H ey sAKOHOR KuTaceRMeCKO! cpuoIKD. TTpmt 3rOM sameviaTeaeH caerytoumit cpakT: cocroaHita, Moalep- UBAIOMME YRAYAINDH SxAPERT, ue OGsATEMBHO AOWANLE OMTh 3ANyTABHbIMIE Hl COOTRETETAYIOITE TACCHMECKHM KAHELT OOMEH AMHBIMIE MUHO Pea sobarb ¢ MoMOUISIO NpeoSpaxonarnis Anantapa. Tpit- hejledtthie bak cocraansioT HncbopMannomnDstt pe- cype ocuonht KHB. venomayeMsit np Mostemmpora- vi poGacrnorx B3 ana uerrenaexryacionpix AP. 4, Hosmasu expurras (uadmosuemas) Koppens- ‘uu 6 KoawTooEAY cocrommaN. CyulecTayeT ¥Eepe HOCTE. STO OAWLUCMED BbIMUCITEEHEH MOIIHOCT KuANFORHIX BIUHENEKME MEXOANT 13 HANIOMNAL KOU roROrO pecypea. Ballyrantinle COCFOM, HAE KBAR W3BECTHOS PALL (FOPHS 1 CHCIEMBI YIPABAEHHS Tonas Koppestanite BOGEN cmytae, — ApKHe TOMY punepet Osvako, Kak YOMuHatOcs & pasa. 3. He [HCE BILE KOPPEAALIEN! HACIOT SHCTO KEAHTOBYIO TIpH pony, Te. nlontaa Koppeaauna npencrasnaer “ewect” RataccMMiecXoit Ht KBa;tTOHO!L Koppert, Bar&libIM MOMEHTOM ABAETCA 3HAHHE 0 TOM. KAK H Fe, HETON- syeTea Kraccieckax Kopperaunis 6 KA, Hanpnsep, ecm HOSMOAHO ONpeACHiITE W BLIeMITL KaaCCHMe- CKyIO ACTS KOPPessIINH, TO ¢ HOMOUISO OMTUNAN- (Oro IOMEPEMA MOKNO HBBAC'T HEKOTOPOE AOI10A- MirTensHOe KOmieCTBO mbOpMAMHN B. KmaCcHMe- ‘CKOR «POPMe, CKPKITOC B KRAHTOBOM COCTOSIHH, ¢ siniwaztbitbIM BospacTatiiem 3HTpoTI, bususeckn nepeucneHHLte BieabL KOPPEAAUAN Xa- pakTepHayioTER KOIIMECTBOM PAGOTHE (IIYMOM), KO- ‘Topoe HeOSKOAMMO COREpINIITH ANA YorpaHCHHA (pas pyluesuss) Koppenauut: Ais nonNo! Koppenstu Tpe- Gyerea KonMNecTHo paGors jo MOmHOTO. pas- PyHIeHH Jus KRAHTORON KOPpEASIUAHE JOCTATOHO KO- imiecroo paGoTes Ro ParspyleM ta payneAUMLe CO- cross. Onriako 11m cayae KaaccHYeckori KOppes- Wi MaKCHMATEHAA KOPpeAsuIs PaspyutaeTe nocme yerpanennst Khattrovoll, Tlomioe KonI¥ecTBO Koppe- SAAUIK, HEMEPAEMOE MHTHHIMAATBABIM MPOHSHONCTROM amoNersannt Ht akBMBANEHTHIOE TPEGOBAKMO NOAHO- To paspytteHm Bex Bio KOPPe-IAUA B COTO Pig. SSBIBAATEHTHO KBAHTOBOMY KOMMIECTRY BaHIMHON Macpopstaunt [46,47], 4j, Kaaccn4eckax om Kpanronas Koppe.raitin Kaaccnseexyio ssanyso micbop- allio, CoepKaM\ytocs B KBAHTOBOM COCTORHIE Pip (10 €Fo HSMEpEHU), MOAKHO OUCHHTS ECTECTREHHBIN OpasOM Kak MaKCiRMANBYIO BialEMNyiO inepopMa- LI, KOTOPYKO MOAWO MANES NYTEM TOKALTBIBIX nameperint M,® My Ha cOCTOALIH P yg Tol) = max HA: B) MAO My Byecs MA: B) — Kaaccnueckas wanna inbopsa- uta, ompertensenas 8 BINT WA: B)=H(p.) + H(py) — Hap) re H— mueopsaunonast 2rpOns HW Paps Pas Pa ~ cbyuikuunir saorHocTa pacnpexerenn® BepoaTHoctett BANMHIOTO HW HHAMBIMYATLHOTO peryaLTATOD, NO: sennDIX nOXamiINM WaMepeHHINH M, ® My Ha cO- ‘eroauimn p |45}, Tpamep 11. Booman umpopanun w xaaceu- srecwan koppeantua. Tia nowuMaRHA ponw KuAcCI ekoH KOPPE MALIN, TAKE EC LANMTOCUSESHE C HOIWETA- eM B3aiIMHOM HAIpopMaNMIC OMpENeAIM KBAHTOBYIO buamnayto umepopasalano jv BYxMAeTHSAOTO COCTOS- ita Py KBaHTORO cHcTEM B chopme CrparoHOBHtta HA: B) = Sip) + S(Pp) ~ (Pas). Pacenorpum cocrasiyto cucremy AB 8 cocromu Pup. CHOCOBHYTO MpedisAATs B COTO P, € REPO STHOCTMO p H.C BeposTHOCTSIO (1 = p)— 8 APYTOM cO- ye6 200790. JIMTBMHUEBA « ap. crostini pp. JAts nanmoro caysiaa cocrannoli cic Mbt AB B3asisilag HHcOpMAlIA MOKET OBIT BRITE nena p cnesyiouens auyte [42]: HA: B) 2n(jti Jp ec =pyl)- a -u(3t + d+ 3p 3p) eu cat pgs ~ pasnenmwoe coctoame, To ero oTHocn- ‘Tenestas! SHTPONIA B SAMyTANHOM COCTOSHUN pasta yao. sbrsieckaa witepnperaunr sHaseniia [o(p) MHO- rosnatiia [45, 43]: Jo(P) sbicrynaeT maxcianbstoft AUTACCMECKOH KOPPEAUMETT, MBAEKAEMOML HNCTO 10 Katbttoit Mporiekypoit MBMepentHA 3 cOCTORLIA p: Je{p) cooTRETCTEYET KnACCHTMECKOMY onpeeTEHIHO, Kora cocrosmme 9 ~“kaaccrmteckoe™, Te. AMATOHaM Oe B HeKOTOPOM (JIOKATHUO NEHOTLIVEMOND) LIKE: sinTemBHOM Gasnce H OTREAeT KilaccIMecKoMy pace npenestenines: ean p) — HncTOE COCTOAHHE, TO fo(P) 28- naeT Koppeamuato, onpeaeacmyto Gasncom Wnt SKBHBIENTHYIO MEpe SANYTAHMDIX ICTUIX. COCTOH- aril: fey) = 0, een TOMBKO ecm Pan = Pa @ Pw Visnecrio, sro neKoroppie nosxonsumite Mepit KpaHToROH KOPpeAIMT NOTRHK YRORACTROPAT HC~ KoTOpbIM aKCHOMATHCERM cvolterBaMt 1) KBaNkTO- Rast KOPPecTAUNA SRANCTCH HeAOKARLAHON H He MOKET BOSpACTAT MPH TOKATDIIX MpotteAypAX H3MEpeHHH (cnoncrwo MoMoroRHoeTH); 2) momiAas uponOpKKo- naabnoers 3) npxpat nponopimronaatatocrst 4) Henpepsisniocts no 0. bicsinteexit cBoficTeo 2) osHataeT, «FTO MpoTOKO cocrosmiil, cocramentiball its neKoppenuposaintioro HaNambHord COCTORII, HcHobsyiouuNit [ KEAHTOEAN Gurow uti 2 RaaceMeckies Oarron (suIR Mepemarm cO- ‘oGmenstt nO KBAHTOBOMY KaKlay CBASH) H MpUMEHAIO- Li AOKamvinie OnepaLuat, He MOET HOpORHTH GO- sree 4em 2] Orton Koppeamut, CpoticTBo 3) npeamona- Taer, TO Mit uepenave cOOGMEMIA # KoAMMECTBE | KBAHTOBLIX GirTOU HME 27 KaaccHYEEKHOX GrrrOK KOPPE~ SANUGT RHAMTANBHOM COCTOREHE HE BOIpACTART HH npenpnact ness 22 Outros, Cooiicroa 1-4) pninoansiotes nommoctDs0 s133 ps a usnecrabix Mep koppectauim, Sera cHosterRA empa- EFUB. B HACTHOCTI, BAIA KIGCCIMECKONE HANNO mupopwauun A: B), komma mepeyiata eoerGutennt ocy- mecranseren KaaceieckHM crocoGom. ‘Lak. Hanprt Mep. cBoficrHia HOaHOM i MIpHpaIcRsss npomopesto- atnnocrat (A : B) A218 KaCeIMMeCKOTO CYAN CAENYIOT 13 cpakra, To max(/1(p.) HUpa)) S H(pas) S H(P.) + H(Peds M3BECTHA PAK. TCOPHA 1 CHCTEMB YIPABATIMS rak "ro Korma A NocbuIaeT KalaccHYecKyo cueTeMy A’ KB, uveen Jo(P) = MASBA') S 1(AA', B) + H( py). Torga cuoiicrso noaMoii nponopunonanHocrit ce- Aye 13 eHOlicrHa MpHpaLcHHs nponopuHOHAMEHO- CTH, 370 Ke BoINOAMAeTCA AAA KBAHTOBOH BIANIMHOR mnboperaniat Ug(A : BY = S(p4) + S(Px)— SP 4p). Heoxnrannbin oKaxaock TO, "TO eBorteTRO pH ance nponoporonaatstoctn napymsacren sitA IP) SKCTPeMATHIBIM OOPaz0M B cay"Ine eMeMTanTKIN Ha tankibix CocTosmnit p: Npoctoil KnaccHMECKHIh Out, nocoaunbii or A kB. Mower B pesymstare MpHBECTHK ysemrienmo /-() 10 HeKOTOpOTO GomBITIOTO 3Hate- tas, aust (behoMen paccaarptuaen KAK BOIMOX- HocTD HaGinto,teHiA KrlaccHMeCKOiT KOPPCAILMH I KBAI- rowoM cocroammt p. Een eboners0 mpupanens NpO- hopmmonanboctn Jeip) uMeeT ecto Ha Ka1ac- caneckoM ypoute, ro cbestonet1aGstosaeMoll Kalaccu- MeCKOiL KOPPEAALUAM ABAIALTEA HCTO KUAHTOBBIM 3¢p- bestow. Stor pesyabrat nemtocpencTaeHHO caeMyeT sb HepaaamMNMOCTH Heoprorostamatbtx KRAHTODBIX CO- cron Tpamep 12. Jlouyerm, wr cocTosine p, THN Neperaem coodttetta 1 cooTReT- craywoillee KORMHECTBO MepenagaeMoit HHChopMaru. Bospacranne Koppemsatsit MOAHO OXapaxTepHsoBATh exejyiouquit ytikuniea: ry = max A""(p)) (omioctoponnee Kzaccueckoe cooomentte); Hel = maxte(A"(p)) (apyxcropomnee Kaacer ueckoe COOOMIEKME) ‘Onepatop A —onepanuis Hat AByXNACTHNHBIM COCTO- SKE, KOTOPAH COCTONT 113 OKANIBMBIX OMEpAMNE cozepxan He Gomee est 2/ KaACCHMECKHX HH KBAH- ‘TOBKIX OHTOR B COODILEHIM. “ITO OTPAKEHO B COG ererayrontx Repxtnx mineKeax (2) nt [7]. Hepes p 1p" oGosHaYeHM COcTORHIS No H MOCTe MpoHeTeHHS oncpauitit © o6mcrIom cooGuicrmmn, p= A(p). Ko- ecreo xoppensucat £{'(p), expsiron (nenaGan0- JaeMol) 6 cocTORMEH ¢ J KRAHTORKIN OFrTAMH Nps Souocroponuest OOMENE COOGILEHIEAMHE. _MOxKCT Gurr orpaintaeno caeayrouruss yeronnem [45]: L2(p) = Felp) SL + (2' = Ded). 6 207KBAHTOBBIM HEYETKHI BbIBO}L MIA CO3AAHHA BAS SHALE 91 Has masnix siasennit Io(p) KoamuecTso cxpsitoit (ienaSmioRaeMolt) KOpperaUIUL TPH RRyCTOPONHIEN ‘OOMeHE cOOGINEMMAN OTpANIH HELIO CbepSY 21+ 0d? {TetP)ogle(P))- KEP) ~ Le?) 42. Ckpeitas (waSatoqaeMas) Kaac- CUMECKA® KOPPesHLWA B KBAHTOROM COC T Oa HM. OOcYAUN citryattHtO, B KOTOPOFT HEKO- “Topoe KoTHMECTO KOPPEctaIVIH HE MOCTYINO taba eHMIO Npit oRHOcToponitem OSMEHE CoOGmErtD HantatbHoe cocroatute ompencaisercs! rojencre Mant Alm B ia coorsererayroti togtupocrpalicrBax pa Mepniocrito 2d 1 dB oiKne HLT LMwienay, © wwe) re oneparoptt Uy = Tn Uy mension ucxoat SuCAHFreabHbI Gauci OGmeNHeHEBT (dU Jo = Ei, &. Torna urpox B uoidupaer eay- oGpasom. eaeroae [k) 12 d cocrostHit & ABYx sUSMORIININ PanAAOMMIBMPORARKDIE GasHicax (We abucuMocTH OF caysas, Korga t= Onan 1B (4.2). B vo x*e ppema, naGatoqatern A meer NoOnHyO uuepopstauiio o KBaHTOgOM COCTOSNMH HaGAIOnaTe~ a B. Flonytua ueoGxouumoe KoaMECTRO HiNdpopNta- tant g sine (e(p) = logd + 1, A nocbiaaer sHasenne 1k B. Koropsill & cho ONepenh EPUMEHsET onlepa- top U; K esoewy cocrosmio 1 HaMepaeT sHayenme k BAbIIKeRTeRBHOM Gaamce. B pesyaurare Au B uMe- Jor wamepenme kar, 4ro aacr [y(p) = logd + 1 Garr koppeasmnu Cocrosauite p 2boaioutouupyer no cacayromest cuetapiio [45]. Myers d = 2". Torna A nniGupaer eaysaiinbit o6pasow k zannof B 7 GHTOR I HOCHa: 117K) w spn B cooduteune 0 cocromnnt |) UMOETIEOT cyHamNOFO siHaHENHDE 6 Snech H — npeoBpasonamie Alaa 1,8) nyp| Sire P+ LY ra(olnlo dos HOBECTHA PAH, TEOPIA H CHCTEMDI YHPARIFHIS! k BW noaxe KaGmoxaer cosmaHHy!o Koppenatbnio, OxenepaMenratbKo YeTaHOBAEHO, 4TO NpHMENeRHA ipeoopasovanus AvaMipa HaMepelta cocroRHHa kRaHFrORLIX GUTOR JOCTATONHO, ‘TOBE peamtEORAr Apoweaypy mpurotonnenmst cocrosti PH 3aTeM its alle'lh CkPbITYIO B COCTOSIILEN p' KnaccHMICCKYIO KOP- penaumo. Hasaspian Koppeasuia aunacror Manof senunnoh, £2(p) = fload Tloene nonuoro trame- petits M, MpH oxnocropomiem oGMene cooGuten- Mit KOHETHOe 3HavenHe KomMIEcTEA MHepOpMANEN B KpanToROM cOCrosH OMpeteMseTCH KAK Llp’) = ip) = logd + Le. KoamuectBo aoeryt cpopaunm yaennunsacrea. TpuMesanue 6, Onverun, smo oanoe wave penne M, w Gasnce (JA) ® |) (pass. 2) onrumuatesio iva cHCTEMpI A. BaIxowHoe aHaKieHMe pesyasrara I+ Mepetitin TOO AaeT MiPOpMAutO 0 TOM, KAKOE 4H eTve cOcrOMIINE 11S aHcaNGns BEIGpaHo. Mostomy HMEeTCH BOSMOKHOCTS MPHMCEHTS KAACCHIECSH AOKaTbHBIH Mpowlece OOPASOTKL (peayAbrATA WOME ELM) JL NOaySenHA IMKpopMauiNt o pacuperese- hun pesyatsraTos apyrux HsMepent. Las encTeMbI A buiGop ONTHMaTBHOTO TraMEPEHI| NOsHOKET saw CH crewmt B nape" 3 elP) docmnyanoe KoAMNEETHO unpopMauuitt /,,. 00 axcaMOne pasHoMepHo paciipe- geacumbx cocroauul {[8). (Uy =A) co. aot 43.lloctynnas uxdbopMauna 06 an- caMOae cécmanHux cocroaun B ob lem cayse jocrynMas wuepopMaUNA OG aHcaMGae oncuaiitbix cocrosunit € = (7, 1,onpenensieven kak MaKeMMambias maine imepopManis MExAY 13Me- [PACMIM COCRORITHEN € MIZEXCOM / 1 PesymbTaTOM ero itsepemia. Kosmiecrno aoctymnion mmepopwanunt JuA@) MOKUO OXAPAKTEPHBOBATIs KK MEKCHMELTBNOL SHAYENNe HepopsaluM, HABKLEKACMOE 3 KBAHTOROTO cocTos#ist ¢ HloMonio TTOOB-naMepenutl (past 2) ¢ auenentrane rombxo pairs 1 [8 Honycrum, ‘cro M = [0,]640) }o3nauaer TOOS13- Mepenie ¢ semenrras patra 1, pe kako COcTU- ute (9) HopMaansosato Uo, > 0. Torna f,.(€) MOAIO aries Ka pdoinio,) (4.3) Colne) bai 6 20072 JMTBHHLUEBA 1 pp. rae w= Spa. Tpamenun teneph sbipaxenie (4.3) x pemonmo seimeynoanyroit npoSaewbr. AK- cauGan cocrosmuit sanaeron Kak ih ew} pu a 2a" emenyromx snasennax: 15 4,6 Dy = 1 @litlg) = 3 paxkcuuit B cbopmyay (4.3) is /,,,(€), Homyaum Floncratinss nce us mpuBeseMibtx Bis elie a 2 Jefe) = nyp[ eae Lou ,)P tog Or Me McHombs0BAHEI CCAyIOMME —OGosHaYEHHA: Yq) saw vi. ZyCOIVIA = ; ©, Tax ax psimonnsetes cooruomenne ‘To TOpOE BLIpAACHME ABAMLETEA MhINTYK:AO KOMOU- Hauitell W Mo-KET Gbrth OrpaniicHO CBEPXY MyTeM ‘onlepangt MaKCHMIIaIDH TO TlepBOMY AEH B BLE 8 || Uk) Jee) Slogd + maxkY | (GUI p24 OrMeTHM, TO WeH YiolU{4)/ tog |)" npenctanawer cywmy serpomiianix Mep wemepae- Moro cocrosis |Q) # RRI'MCTHTEMBHOS 1m OGO8- eniom Gaaicax. Taxaa cya surpoutil orpanisie- na neawinsoil logd. Hirkkie rpaninst noxodHoro ‘nna TeOpHit KRANTOMDIX HaMepeIIT HagKIRATOTCA nepasencmeast axonponuiinois neonpedexeunocmu (EUD, Koropste KonHYectHeNNO onpereamIOr He ROsMOXHOETE OBHORPEMEHHOFO WINACHCHIL REKTO- pao) 13 tayx ooSiteNHEIK (copMecTHLIx) Gazlicon, a npinexermus coomomeni exenmyer, 10 1 To(DE logd. Papercro Mono aocrurayre, cca B HSMepaetca B. sutuucaurenuions Gasnce ep) = Flogd. Kip) ~fekp) = 1+ Flog. Omens, ro cuoiteivo upupaneniss uponopiio- HAARMOCTH BbINOAHACTOA {UI MHOFOKPATEBIX. KONA cocroanita p. Wooiters noxasaut [8], ro ocrymuast itt chopaanust res nr nesawncusrx Kom ancaMOza € pase pencUNUIX cocrostuii amTMBHA, 1, (8°) = rAl(f). MSBECTHA PAH. TEOPHA H CHCTEMBI YIPABTEHHS Oretona caeayer, 70 ja pacenarpnemoro caysias usteent: fo(P2) = mileAP). Tpustep 13. Hyer satato asyxtacrsmoe co- Croan Pag, Onpestestint noaMOrxHYIO Mepy KaRCCHE- coli Koppestaunn sexay nozencremeann A 1B KaK [42] c an) = max} S(p,)- YpSipyh 4a) org Pan os| (eo-De Pipe 4) rac py = Tru(Pse) — peayumposamias Marpaa n0T- HocTH. Sarponna chou Heiinana Sip) = —Fr(p logo. Yenonuax Marpuua naoTHoctH p onperenserca eped MaTpHi{si AaloTHOeTH cocTosH A Hocae pea: W3anHH H3Meperus B, Way cocrosuitem BB BHpe pi Tr BPaw) Trg BiPao Bepoarnocrn onpeaeauts AB cocroaHnm py ect 7,= Try(B.p.9). Mepa koppenauuu (4.4) mie npo- cryto @usirucexyto nuTepnpeTauuto: ecm AH B He Koppeaiporakiht, TO MaprMiEAAbHOe sHaveNMe 3H ‘epomin [S(p,)] coctosns AH napertentioe yepen- Heutioe 3Hatlenne SHTpoNHH A MocTe TIOOS-taxee- pena |S) pS(p5)1 maa cocrommen B aaer Kax cneacrane Coryipy_) = 0, Tak KaK jas MeKOppEAMpO- Bannod cucrembl AB cocrogiue A ue yaBneHT oT fet crits [OO3-nsmepenms ax cocrosumen B, Bouiee 1oro, omer, To useer MecTo cooTHOUIe- ste 1 = Dre's ro HOOS-emepenns wan cnere- TORN ANA Ao Molt B nuipackeue [Sip,) — J), p/S(p'))] sanaer re- (hex auTponmm, onperercHMe Koroporo zaHO 8. [49]. Cnejosareabno, kaaccuecxyro Koppeaayio 6 2007KBAHTOBbIM HEYETKHM BbIBOJ {LIA COS/\AHMS BAS SHAHN 93 CorgPag) MoxkHO paccMaTpHBAT KAK MaKCHMUIb- Hoe OepemCHHOe Bospacralwe SHTPORUK CHETEMEE A, Korga coctomine p', (Hlocae sanepulentis HsMepe- nua B, wa cuctenott B) anaserea cneunduseckt cpasimasin ¢ aryaunel, 3 KOTOPO! wsBECTHDL ‘ToaDKO cMemmmnie cocrosmIA p,. Knaccnueckas Koppestans ycranasnisaeT Mepy citnbt KappEnsIttt BUYS NORCHCTEM Ges YxAGAHHA MpHopHTETa MOA Crem, sICHOTAyeMOA JIA HaBTCHEHH ARKO KOP- penau. Koatyecroo KaaiTosol wsaunoi uiebopsantt 1A B) awyxiacrimmiani cocrannoit cuctentbt AB MO~HO gekoMmosnpooa Tt ts mesbuuieT mepopManee (HE pa Gort) As seqbmunrr Karaccueexoit tmepopacauan A, unge 1= A,-+ A. 910 upauositr k ectecTBeMtoH arrazto: mutt ¢ npoueceoxe gexomttosiuii [U1 Cay'4ast KOT cra BaaNMoi ucbopMarint, erionbsyeMom npit ONMCAHIEN pasnINIHBIX Mep KaaccHMEckOR KOpperts- uu [46]. Koanecrao ouicremtoit knacentecKoit Kop Pensuni 1 oTHOCHTeRBHOM seTrpoMMM (Epe,) B HAY ‘TaRHBIX COCTOAHHAX TaKKE He Mpenprmniaer B cyMMe Koanuecrsa sianMHon umcbopwauin don Heitaura MeKMY ABYMA NlonicHcTe MAN, Te. 1004.) > (CPB) ps * Ente ePrswiceen 970 ostiaacT, ‘TO BLIGOP Hicor Nambitoro NOOS-HoMeperna MoxeT paopytit uoauyio Koppessuumo, Ecrecruenslo, TO mpi pac- eworpemuts ncex nosmoxatax TIOO3-raweperit aan nauwory cocToaMi omupKantuatsit Kaec TIOO3-3- Mepeniti He MoxeT YCTpaKitT® NOAKYIO KOppeAAIIHO. Apyroft aapreptariisoli, KoTopas steraeT COBMECTH- MbIMIT TlOHGeTHER KaAcCHecKOH KOPPe:TAUH AC RIZIEN~ Holl WncpopMaLUt, saseTCA BOOMOAHOCTS paras HbIX OMpereeHH Mep KBATOREIX KOppesALA, OT IMUMLAX OF UpeACTAMLTCHHEA NOCHEABUX B BIA (Ex Onunst 3 vosoxknuIx KaINAUMLATOR cAYAKUT KRAHTO- nist Geenopaxox [50] Tpnnep 14. Baauuiaa wubopaanun t koat- ‘mosviti Gecnopadok. B npoTHBoKOROKHOCTE K oMpe- eCHEIO KAACCIICCKOI YETOBHOR SHTPONIA KBAHTO- Bas YCMOBHAS SHTPONA ABAETCA ZABECMOA BEAM Holl OT Tpoueaypbi HsMepeMnnA, MpOLOMAMOM Hat icenemyeNon cxcreMon, Mepoit KBalTOBOTO GecTIO- pana porcrynacr [50,51] oA B)= MA: B)- JA: B), Bem pesyasraray cepan waepesmd {11} fa Joanie muupopmanuno o cucrene B no S(a] (11) HSRECIHS PAIL TEOPHSE HW CHCEEMBI YMIPABIEHAS me ip, 1 *p)) waiasaanio eiGpauet kak cncunanb- 1a p, Hp}, KOFMA MHOXkecTRA HEMepeHi copuupyiores Kak orpanHacHHutc oAHOMEPHBL exuun 11? Tpnscaenioe onpegenenue knairororo Gecno- PaTKA YeTKO OMCKIBAeT HEpasseMInylO saBHCH MOCTE KBAHTOROII yeAOEHOMK aHETpOMTM OT MPOLcTypHt uaMepeniti, Mepa xbantTovoro GecttopaaKa pabta iy ‘nto, cat cytmectnyer TaKoe (oT GbI OHO) HaMepe- Me, Js} KOTOPOTO 9TA Mepa TIPHELEMaeT HY.MeBOE 31a lente. TlosToMy MuHEMRTLOMY sAYCHIHO Mepbt Kuairoworo Gecropaika COmOCTABAAOT KBANTOBYIO Koppeamiuro. Tipu BbiGope cootnerersytomtero MmoxKeCTBA 3° Mepemit Hamt cricTemott B Kak MHOKECTRO OTHOMEP- NhIX NPOeKUN HeTpyAHo NpOBEpHTD, “TO MHOKECTBO, SSMEPEHHHL, MpI KOTOPHIX MERUMMIMpyeTE KRANTO- buutii GeenopasoK. 7.e. MakcHMHmpyeTen Bem J, oksnaaneHTio TOO3-mepenmit, omruntrsupyio- acemMeckHHX KOppeaaiyt SmiapHibIx CO- aii pesyabrar caeayer ws 9THx Kom NeeTBeHHLIX wep m PesyMBTATA O1LTHNMIALUHHE KAACCH- NeCKHX KOppeAALME MPH HenombIORAHHN TOKO, MpoeKTHBHEIX HaMepenmit, CaenopaTerbHo, HIMeeN max[J(A : B), 4a.) = Core Pan) Torna HA: BY = Cory + min&(A fut} ‘Le. Ju4a GunapHibix cocTostMil KnaccrMteckas KOppe- "ai KBAHTORKI GccHOps\1OX RLICTYNAIOT COCFAB- bis KONMOHEHTANH & OMEHKE B3aNWHOIt MApOpMA- tum, Flosromy He cyiuecruyer maaepemns, aeKaIO- utero KmacciMeCKYIO Koppenaiunio HM cnocosHoro, IOMCHIITH SHAMEHIIE BsAMMHOR HHCOpMALH MEK ABYMALHOACHeTeMayMH pH TOGuvreM K:AACCHYECKO! KOppeamttin K OTHOCHTERBHOM aHTpOTIMK. ITO nom ‘TacpxKAaeT yrREpAnEHE, “TO yROGHIEE MeMOAIOBATE NOWSITHE KHAHTOKOrO Gechopsiika 8 KAUECTEE KHAHTO- BoM COCTaBHOM HaCTH mL KAACcINeeKOMt KOppesATTE BMECTO OTHOCIFesbHO‘ 3HTPOU, Moaeas KHB, octonanuan va rexnoaorwnx KEGHTOBLAX M MACKIE BOIMMETEMMA, COPTACHO OOUNUIN geaM peaamsantin: MoneAeth KUIETOBLIX BoIsMICAEH ua KAS (8, 10, 23], aorimeckoe oGvemmenne oT neawabix BS B ono oG0GuieHHoe MpOCTpAHCTEO MO- AkeT GhITh PeamtAoRAHO € MOMONKIO OnepATopa cy Tepmoswinsn; dybuuHICHTAN yauiensot Hevietsin TIH[L-peryasrropos, nonyyer ibis ¢ HoMOMLI Mogent KHB. cchopmyanpopan Ho- Sotit npamtutn npoexTHporarise poGacrinax CrPYRTYp HCY: npoexinupoaanie npocmozo no emapyxmype i 6 npaxmumecnot peasant, OBaadmoUee” NOG ‘wentous ypoonest unmea.aekriyaabnocni (vise), HP dan adpexnuanoro yapaaeram caornensu OY. B yanuom payaene crareit KPaTKo pacemarpHDa- TOTeH HeOGXOMIMILe CHOHICTHA IL KIKOHDL KEAHTOBEIX 2007KBAHTOBDIA HENETKHM BbIBO! i141 CO3IAHMA BAS SHAHHM DoINeeHIB 1 KBalTToBO TeOpHE mucpopAaL, Ue oasayemnie n vojenn knaurronoro Ooxa (pyc. 1) & pie KHB aaa nporpawsoti noxteppxkit enoiiero ca- Moopranusaiyue podacrusix HP (cM. HivKe pasa. 6) Hocnenonant ynpoutentiaa moaent KHB n anropart paGorr SHQIFIONINE HONYYHT lIpakTH4ECKME Pe~ AYMATATEL R Nporteceax HpocKTHPOHANA POSACTHHIX B3 b paantsaunix erpyxrypax HCY. 5.2.0 cnonwme erpykTypm m Monemn kaawroRbx BuNNCaeMMi, HenoAbaye- sinie a KHB. Moscap KHB ncnomayer n pean ayer liporigecs WapeEHAA exPHITOII KDANFTOBOIE Tht dbopsaumu, conepacaesicn 6 KAACENIeCKHN, HLMAUBNT ayambupix BS na HP, wa ocHore puaiieckis 2AKOHOB KaUrTOBO! Teopl HnKpopMaINNiL M KUANTO= bx pbiunieaenint, Kaaceneckite B3 jus HP enpoex- ‘TuposaHb! 6 [1.7] npeabapitreabHo Ais KOHKDETHBE buxcuposanirx crryauut ynpastema, mpuBaeKaa spouecen OOyveutis ia ocuoBE OB3, a HP dbopraipy- tor onruwamtbnbie cirHasb1 ynpapaeise kod etrramu youstenua 8 Tpanmuomibix THA pery.ato- pax. Maa saerevenis 1 arperuposamia gononn- TeABHO! CKPHITOH YeHIOH KBanrTOBOF HHGpopMatE B3 na ocnove KHB nicodxowo sayeiicrsonart, wo- ble ZonoAMTERBHBI JOTI MecKIte oslepATOEI OOP.- Gorrkit anepopwauuin. oreyremytonme 1 ANcrpyMeH- ‘Tapa Textonorst Markus pprincaernti [3-5]. Flouommennunie (neo6xoj unre 4a OBpaGores krnacenieckoFt inepopstauiny) virrapnite oGparine (knaurropste) oneparops: HOST creAyONME UAHIMe- NowAHKS: cyneprrosHNUHs. KEAHTOBA KODPEAATIA (3i- nyraimmise oneparopus) i wirrepdepemus, sunset MITeMATTHICCKIM HIICTPYMEL!FAPHEM KHAHTOBHIN smenenutit 8-10}, B-reopin Koatrtovisx pbrnereumt (paan. 2) MoxKHO sbieatrrs Asa KanpaRacaNA weCIe nopanunit: 2eumANIO MMIOKEETHO TONEK Ch HeOBNOYLUMO HAIFTH RL TAKONO 01 Batmomtanodt yetontte y= U + suranta mpodrena (KA). seoSxonnime nai meg kxanrronoit exemtbt ~ KAST, peutatomelt 2ataksHyI0 mpo- mneMy (PeamUyioULes AawbAit KA) Acropirtat peureris anmis0s sant MOryT OBIT peamsonambe KAK Ha aumaparrinax epeserear w Rue KAI, 1ak i na nporpastuios ypoaik € HOMOUILIO &o- ome Temiylontero aporpaxatworo mporyeTa c pease tunel Ha Kraceteckom KoMmUIOrepe [0]. B (10, 23] jokavtans RousoxeHOCTS axpeperTHRINOr MO;EIPOBA- wisi KA na KnacermieckoM KOMMTBKOTEpe H HCHO. ‘on jauuOit craTbe aH MoneMpon KA 6 KE, bynramenransieif pesyaurar Teopus KHAHETOBLIN auiuicnenmtit akionaered TOM, "TO Ace oTeparDt (nonoGHO KaaccHEcKOMY cAYHAIO) MOFYT GhITh pea auigonailbl Ha exese, coctosinet Ws yuimnepea.neAbIX Saanemmax saewenton, B oramine oF kauccimmeckoro anazora KASL sory OuiT> siimosienst ua pagan HO KsbaCex YUNREP ea BIBIX 2CMEHTOR B HABHCHNIO- EMH OT HenomaveMOrO. BuIUHeAITENBKOTO Gagtca sncipsouaita $= ((x, 99}. raropa U. TOG H3BECTHA PAL, TROPHA H CHCTEMBE ¥ PABIEUMA 95, KAG (¢ dbukcuposauubina mbiwnenHTenbiibine H1s3- Mepirrenbibi Gaaitcasm) oGecneumaaior omucanue 2nomOUM HeKOTOPOTO yuTApHOrD ouepaTopa LU, Kovopomy cooraercrayer KiaNrrORbIi Rb! ¥HCAITE: fisit RpOLECE: [Yig) = Ulf) » Pe BeKTOP (HoaTIORAR ‘cbymkumts) |Y,,) 3apaer HAMAABUBIE YeaODH BBISHCTE- Hui (peuracmof UpOGreMbt), a |Win) OTPAAaeT pe- ayabTar BuIMcsIeHuA 38 CueT setteTBHA oneparopa U fa Hastanbrio’ CoCTOSIMHE [). BerGnpaa pasamurotit Bax onepatopa U (B tacrHo- cum, Pasmnntsrounian), Mooxto ChOpMatpowrts pani ite MOREAH KBaNTrOnLAX BEEIICTEMNN. B OOUEM Bre oem’ KBaltronbtx nbrTacnenn[8, 10] cocroITT 13 1o%= nw sraion: npuroromncnme yavannHoro (KAGcEHYECKOTO MAL ksaitroporo)cocrossa |) pbinoaHCHHe MpeoGpazoranns AgaMapa jaa Ha- {LAlOFO COCTOAHUA C LIEMBIO HOATOTOBKH COCTOAHHA cyteprosiimn: MpHMcicHHe 3anyTamAoro onepaTopa Hal oneparropa KBAHTOBOM KOPpeAKULT (KBAHTOBOFO ‘opakyaia) K cyrlepitosilyHOHIiOMy cocrOAUHIO, cionuenne oneparopa mreprbepeHuM; Meno yoRAHMe OMlepaTopa WMEpeHiIA [Is peayawrara KBANFTOBDIX BBIUICAEIT [i PaGota kbatiropbix onlepatopon UcyWIECTEISETCA B WrepatiBHom pexuMe & sapitcHMactH oF Tima KA, Tipit row juts oGuiero eay'ass apeationarueres, 40 OnpeneTeHMDTe BErMCAATETHAMKE NPOGACAL MO} Sure petteMbt tia KHaHTTOBOM KoMIMBIOTEpE Gonee 3¢p- ext (C Mebmes nuttnentrremBHOM cIOAKHO- CThi0, Tak HarsbinaeMast NP-mpoGnesta), eM Fa K7ACCH ueckoM KosmbTepe. Bomce Taro, ¢ NoMoUtbIO 3¢p- bekvimHoro MpHMCHEHA KBAHTOBOrO. KoMMIOTepA Aocruuraiores peuenita aaropirramseekit He pasperit MBO Ha KAACCIFIECKOM YpOBHE MIpodiiem. te. 3¢pxpex- “Tino peumaentite © MoMOULBIO puMeHeHiiA KA, mast KoTOpBIX HE CYULECTBYET Hit OuIKOTO KmtaccHYecKOrO (pavowsrnposantioro) anropurs. ‘31 HaGntoneninn eamneTembersyIOT o TOM, sro KA cocrammior ¢prouieckit oSechopaimitait GaaKe He TOsIKO TENIIKHE YEKOPEHID. HUICACH, HOt HOLCKA petteti croxhine npoSneM., vetomays TaKHe KRAH- TOUDIe IAKONDI, KAK CVMEpRoaLqU {UIA pacCMMUpeMIA npoctpavicraa RoaMOAHBIX PeMICHH, Keamodesit na- a.tde-1uss poueceos DoreHseTIs 8 MITEPECAX ¥CKO™ eHIET MoMCKA pemCHML M KeanMo;as dannepdpeper- ‘ust cueabio HsBzeeNIA NeKoNOrO pment. Jono urcebHlo K OFMe eMIBIM MBIICETENUIM PECyPCAM -kaanmoean Koppeanuua paceneTPHBAETEH KOK HOBDIIL ¢pwesusicexii mbtsineaurreciauit Pecype. Mo380s5HOKLIAL Pesako ybectturre yerteitbit Houck pemenmit npodnent pane ie pacouaypunaenbx W KlaceHeEKOA OGNICTH jeu, K TAKIN npoOueMaM oTHOestTER: Tes Wii, CHEPXMIOTHOE KOAUPORAME, MePEHAN AWAIT} KEAHTOBKIN Kalkanan cisaat ¢ HOBBIUEH- LUbiM YpOBHEN COKPETHOCTH H IAD (OT HeCANKLULO- mporaworo AOcTyna HI NogeAytuHBAHI), KOPpeX- M6 30796 Ui KHaHTTOBKIX KORO C 3aAaHHBIM ypoDnleMt Tomepal nocrit tap, [8-10} C Maremarimeckoit Tok apeniia, oGBemuHEH- ble KeantTonbie cocrosuid ¢bopsiNpytoTes © TOMO uu.to TeH@opHOrO (KPOHEKEPCKOFO) NPOIREACHIIS HA TanGepronurx npocrpauicroax Gasiicutsx cocrosn Peaymirarow raxoit onepanint RMcrynaeT KRARTO- posit perucrp. BkziotemMe B BorMICAUFTeAbuUbI pO luece KHaUrosofi KoppessituAK pHBOUTT K YBEANT IC io eKopocra # slocronepHocTH Monteka pelltenttt ‘ociione coorpererayromero KA, aSaaroxapa nama aMHOro iBNNecKOrO BLAKKEMMTEMATOrO _Pecypea MHOFHE BOINMCHITEABHDIE OMePaUll MOKHO BOIHOA rare napaane.uo IToxTOMY KBaMTORAS KOPPESTINS S| STOM CMBICHE AeWoHCTpHPYeT HOBBIT cmeMHALNbABIT chmtmueckan pecype keaiToREIX BbIUCRELi, C TouKH speHHEe YMKIIOHATHHDIX BOSMOKHO- creit KA Knaccudummpyiores Ha jibe rpynmist: aaro- DHTMBL MpiuTTHA peulelu HW noneKOBLIe aaropiTT- Mul, [Tpit KAHTOBDIX BRIMCTEHIN R HEPRYIO OMe- pel mMrepecyioTer KasiecTHeKMLIMIL CHOHICTHANIE

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5811)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brené Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1092)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (844)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (608)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1716)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (540)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (348)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1018)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (822)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1850)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (441)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1947)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4610)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4203)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (807)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1898)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2521)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)
• d'Alembert-Lagrange Dynamics

  

  Document30 pages

  d'Alembert-Lagrange Dynamics

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Symmetry 11 01077 v2

  

  Document20 pages

  Symmetry 11 01077 v2

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Symmetry: A New Approach in Analytical Dynamics of Mechanical Systems

  

  Document24 pages

  Symmetry: A New Approach in Analytical Dynamics of Mechanical Systems

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Komoda Wagatsuma2017

  

  Document31 pages

  Komoda Wagatsuma2017

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Structured Learning of Rigid-Body Dynamics: A Survey and Unified View

  

  Document30 pages

  Structured Learning of Rigid-Body Dynamics: A Survey and Unified View

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Algorithms: An Approach To The Dynamics and Control of Uncertain Robot Manipulators

  

  Document11 pages

  Algorithms: An Approach To The Dynamics and Control of Uncertain Robot Manipulators

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• CompIntelig ControlUnicycle

  

  Document17 pages

  CompIntelig ControlUnicycle

  Vik

  No ratings yet
• Soft Computing For The Intelligent Robust Control of A Robotic Unicycle With A New Physical Measure For Mechanical Controllability

  

  Document16 pages

  Soft Computing For The Intelligent Robust Control of A Robotic Unicycle With A New Physical Measure For Mechanical Controllability

  Vik

  No ratings yet