405

Bibliography

Adams and Brownsword (1987) 'The Ideologies of Contract Law' , Legal Studies, 7 ,
205.
Adams and Brownsword (1988a) 'The Unfair Contract Terms Act: A Decade of
Discret ion', Law Quarterly Review, 104, 94.
Adams and Brownsword (1988b) 'Double Indemnity - Contractual Indemn ity
Clauses Revisited', Journal of Business Law, 146.
Anson (1879) Law of Contract (1st edn), OUP.
Anson (1984) Law of Contract (26th edn), OUP.
Atiyah (1957) 'Couturier v. Hastie and the Sale of Non-Existent Goods ', Law
Quarterly Review, 78, 340.
Atiyah (1979) The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract, OUP.
Atiyah (1982) 'Economic Duress and the Overbome Will' , Law Quarterly Review,
98,197.
Atiyah (1986a) 'The Modem Role of Contract Law', in Atiyah , Essays on Contract,
OUP.
Atiyah (1986b) 'Contracts, Promises and the Law of Obligations', in Atiyah , Essays
on Contract, OUP.
Atiyah (1986c) 'Consideration: A Restatement', in Atiyah, Essays on Contract, OUP .
Atiyah (1986d) 'Contract and Fair Exchange ', in Atiyah, Essays on Contract, OUP .
Atiyah (1986e) Pragmatism and Theory in English Law, Stevens.
Atiyah (1986f) 'The Hannah Blumenthal and Classical Contract Law', Law Quarterly
Review, 102, 363 .
Atiyah (1986g) 'The Liberal Theory of Contracr, in Atiyah, Essays on Contract,
OUP .
Atiyah (1995) An Introduction to the Law of Contract (5th edn), OUP .
Atiyah and Treitel (1967) 'Misrepresentation Act 1967' , Modem Law Review, 3D,
369 .
Attew (1995) 'Teleological Interpretation and Land Law' , Modem Law Review, 58,
696.
Ball (1983) 'Work Carried Out in Pursuance of Letters of Intent - Contract or
Restitution?', Law Quarterly Review, 99, 572.
Barton (1976) 'Penalties and Damages ', Law Quarterly Review, 92, 20.
Beale (1993) 'Unreasonable Deposits' , Law Quarterly Review, 109, 524.
Beale (1995) 'Points on Misrepresentation', Law Quarterly Review, 111, 385 .
Beale, Bishop and Furmston (1995) Contract: Cases and Materials (3rd edn),
Butterworths.
Beale and Dugdale (1975) 'Contracts Between Businessmen: Planning and the Use
of Contractual Remedies', British Journal of Law and Society, 2, 45.
Beatson (1974) 'Duress as a Vitiating Factor in contract . Cambridge Law Journal,
33,97.
Beatson (1975) 'Repudiation of Illegal Purpose as a Ground for Restitution', Law
Quarterly Review, 91, 313.
Beatson (1981) 'Discharge for Breach : The Position of Instalments, Deposits and
Other Payments Due Before Complet ion', Law Quarterly Review, 97, 389 .
Birks (1985) An Introduction to the Law of Restitution , OUP .
Birks (1987) 'Restitution of damages for breach of contract, Snepp and the fusion of
law and equity'. Lloyd 's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, 421.
Birks and Chin Nyuk Yin (1995) 'On the Nature of Undue Influence', in Beatson and
406 Bibliography
Friedmann (eds), Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law, OUP, 57.
Bishop (1985) 'The Choice of Remedy for Breach of Contract', Journal of Legal
Studies, 14, 299.
Bojczuk (1987) 'When is a Condition not a Condition?', Journal of Business Law,
353.
Bridge (1989) 'Mitigation of Damages in Contract and the Meaning of Avoidable
Loss', Law Quarterly Review, 99, 398.
Bright and Bright (1995) 'Unfair Terms in Land Contracts: Copy Out or Cop Out?',
Law Quarterly Review, 111, 655.
Brownsword (1987) 'New Notes on the Old Oats', Solicitors Journal, 131,384.
Brownsword (1992) 'Retrieving Reasons, Retrieving Rationality? A New Look at the
Right to Withdraw for Breach of Contract', Journal of Contract Law, 83.
Buckley (1975) 'Implied Statutory Prohibition of Contracts', Modem Law Review, 38,
535.
Burrows (1983) 'Contract, Tort and Restitution - A Satisfactory Division or Not?',
Law Quarterly Review, 99, 217.
Burrows (1984a) 'Law Commission Report on Pecuniary Restitution on Breach of
Contract', Modem Law Review, 47, 76.
Burrows (1984b) 'Specific Performance at the Crossroads', Legal Studies, 4,102.
Burrows (1993a) 'Contributory Negligence in Contract: Ammunition for the Law
Commission', Law Quarterly Review, 109,175.
Burrows (1993b) 'No Restitutionary Damages for Breach of Contract', Lloyd 's
Marifime and Commercial Law Quarterly, 453.
Burrows (1993c) The Law of Restitution, Bulterworths.
Burrows (1994) Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (2nd edn), Bulterworths.
Burrows (1996) 'Reforming Privity of Contract: Law Commission Report No. 242',
Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, 467.
Calabresi and Melamed (1972) 'Property RUles, Liability Rules and Inalienability -
One View of the Cathedral', Harvard Law Review, 85,1089.
Carter (1991) Breach of Contract (2nd edn), Law Book Co.
Cartwright (1987a) 'Damages for Misrepresentation', The Conveyancer and
Property Lawyer, 423.
Cartwright (1987b) 'Solie v. Butcher and the Doctrine of Mistake in Contract', Law
Quarterly Review, 103,594.
Chen-Wishart (1995) 'Consideration, Practical Benefit and the Emperor's New
Clothes', in Beatson and Friedmann (eds), Good Faith and Fault in Contract Law,
OUP, 123.
Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmston (1996) Law of Contract (12th edn), Bulterworths.
Coote (1964) Exception Clauses. Sweet and Maxwell.
Coote (1972) 'Another Look at Bowmakers v. Barnet Instruments, Modem Law
Review, 34, 38.
Coote (1992) 'Validation Under the Illegal Contracts Act', New Zealand Universities
Law Review, 15, 80.
Corbin (1930) 'Contracts for the Benefit of Third Parties', Law Quarterly Review, 46,
12.
Corbin (1963) on Contracts (rev. edn), New York.
Dean (1993) 'Unfair Contract Terms: The European Approach', Modem Law
Review, 56, 581.
Dawson (1980) Gifts and Promises, Yale University Press.
Denning (1952) 'Recent Developments in the Doctrine of Consideration', Modem
Law Review, 15, 1.
Dugdale and Yates (1976) 'Variation, Waiver and Estoppel - A Reappraisal',
Modem Law Review, 38, 680.
Ellinghaus (1971) 'Agreements Which Defer "Essential" Terms', Australian Law
Joumal, 45, 4 and 72.
Farrar (1991) Company Law (3rd edn), Butterworths.
 Bibliography 407
Flannigan (1987) 'Privity - The End of an Era (Error)', Law Quarterly Review, 103,
564.
Freeman (1996) 'Contracting in the Haven: Balfour v. Balfour Revisited', in Halson
(ed.), Exploring the Boundaries of Contract, Dartmouth.
Fridman (1962) 'Construing, without Constructing, a Contract', Law Quarterly
Review, 76, 521.
Fridman (1986) The Law of Contract in canada (2nd edn), Carswell.
Fried (1981) Contract as Promise, Harvard.
Friedmann (1995) 'The Performance Interest in Contract Damages', Law Quarterly
Review, 111, 628.
Fuller (1941) 'Consideration and Form', Columbia Law Review, 41, 799.
Fuller and Perdue (1936) 'The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages', Yale Law
Journal, 46, 52.
Furmston (1960) 'Retum to Dunlop v. Selfridge?', Modem Law Review, 23, 373.
Furmston (1965) 'The Analysis of Illegal Contracts', University of Toronto Law
Journal, 267.
Furmston (1972) 'The Illegal Contracts Act 1970 - An English View', New Zealand
Universities Law Review, 5,151.
Gardner (1982) 'The Proprietary Effect of Contractual Obligations under Tulk v.
Moxhayand De Mattos v. Gibsori, Law Quarterly Review, 98, 279.
Gardner (1992) 'Trashing with Trollope: A Deconstruction of the Postal Rules in
Contract', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 12, 170.
Gilmore (1974) The Death of Contract, Columbus.
Gleeson and McKendrick (1987) 'The Rotting Away of Caveat Emptor', The
Conveyancer and Property Lawyer, 121.
Goetz and Scott (1977) 'Liquidated Damages, Penalties and the Just Compensation
Principle', Columbia Law Review, 77, 554.
Goff and Jones (1993) The Law of Restitution (4th edn), Sweet & Maxwell.
Goodhart (1941) 'Mistake as to Identity in the Law of Contract', Law Quarterly
Review, 57, 228.
Goodhart (1951) 'Unilateral Contracts', Law Quarterly Review, 67, 456.
Goodhart (1953) 'A Short Replication', Law Quarterly Review, 69,106.
Gordon (1974) 'Penalties Limiting Damages', Law Quarterly Review, 90, 296.
Gower (1952) 'Auction Sales of Goods Without Reserve', Law Quarterly Review, 68,
457.
Greig and Davis (1987) The Law of Contract, Law Book Co.
Hall (1984) 'Frustration and the Question of Foresighf, Legal Studies, 4, 300.
Halson (1990) 'Sailors, Sub-Contractors and Consideration', Law Quarterly Review,
106,183.
Halson (1991) 'Opportunism, Economic Duress and Contractual Modifications', Law
Quarterly Review, 107, 649.
Hamson (1949) 'Illegal Contracts and Limited Interests', Cambridge Law Journal,
249.
Harris, Ogus and Phillips (1979) 'Contract Remedies and the Consumer Surplus',
Law Quarterly Review, 95, 581.
Hartley (1996) 'Five Forms of Uncertainty in European Community Law', cambridge
Law Journal, 55, 265.
Haycroft and Waksman (1984) 'Frustration and Restitution', Journal of Business
Law, 207.
Hedley (1985) 'Keeping Contract in its Place: Balfour v. Balfour and the
Enforceability of Informal Agreements', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 5, 391.
Higgins (1962) 'The Transfer of Property under Illegal Transactions' , Modem Law
Review, 149.
Hobhouse (1990) 'International Conventions and Commercial Law: The Pursuit of
Uniformity', Law Quarterly Review, 106, 530.
Hooley (1991) 'Damages and the Misrepresentation Act 1967', Law Quarterly
408 Bibliography
Review, 107, 547.
Hooley (1992) 'Remedies for Misrepresentation', New Law Journal , 142, 60.
Howarth (1984) 'The Meaning of Objectivity in Contract', Law Quarterly Review,
100,265.
Hudson (1968) ' Gibbons v. Proctor Revisited', Law Quarterly Review, 84, 503.
Hudson (1974) 'Penalties Limiting Damages', Law Quarterly Review, 90, 31.
Hudson (1975) 'Penalties Limiting Damages', Law Quarterly Review, 91, 25.
Hudson (1986) 'Mental Incapacity Revisited', The Conveyancer and Property
Lawyer, 178.
Jackson (1982) 'How Many Kinds of Estoppel?', The Conveyancer and Property
Lawyer, 450.
Jones (1983) 'The Recovery of Benefits Gained from a Breach of Contract', Law
Quarterly Review, 99, 443.
Kaplan (1977) 'A Critique of the Penalty Limitation on Liquidated Damages',
Southern California Law Review, 55, 1055.
Kennedy (1976) 'Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication', Harvard Law
Review, 89, 1685.
Kronman (1978a) 'Mistake, Disclosure, Information and the Law of Contracts' ,
Journal of Legal Studies, 7, 1.
Kronman (1978b) 'Specific Performance' University of Chicago Law Review , 45,
351.
Kronman (1980) 'Contract Law and Distributive Justice', Yale Law Journal, 89, 472.
Lando (1992) 'Principles of European Contract Law: An Altemative to or a Precursor
of European Legislation', American Journal of Comparative Law, 40, 573.
Lando and Beale (1995) Principles of European Contract Law Part I: Performance,
Non-Performance and Remedies, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Law Commission (1976) Working Paper No. 70, The Parol Evidence Rule.
Law Commission (1983) Report No. 21, Law of Contract: Pecuniary Restitution on
Breach of Contract.
Law Commission (1986) Report No. 154, Law Commission Report on the Parol
Evidence Rule.
Law Commission (1991) Consultation Paper No. 121, Privity of Contract: Contracts
for the Benefit of Third Parties.
Law Commission (1993a) Consultation Paper No. 132, Aggravated, Exemplary and
Restitutionary Damages.
Law Commision (1993b) Report No. 219, Contributory Negligence as a Defence in
Contract.
Law Commission (1996) Report No. 242, Privity of Contract: Contracts for the
Benefit of Third Parties.
Lawson (1980) Remedies of English Law (2nd edn), Butterworths.
Lewis (1982) 'Contracts Between Businessmen: Reform of the Law of Firm Offers
and an Empirical Study of Tendering Practices in the Building Industry', Journal
of Law and Society, 9, 153.
Macdonald (1988a) 'The Duty to Give Notice of Unusual Contract Terms', Journal of
Business Law, 375.
Macdonald (1988b) 'Incorporation of Contract Terms by a "Consistent Course of
Dealing" " Legal Studies, 8, 48.
McKendrick (1986) 'Specific Implement and Specific Performance - A Comparison' ,
Scots Law Times, 249.
McKendrick (1988) 'The Battle of the Forms and the Law of Restitution', Oxford
Journal of Legal Studies, 8,197.
McKendrick (1991) 'Frustration, Restitution and Loss of Apportionment' , in Burrows
(ed.), Essays on the Law of Restitution, OUP.
McKendrick (1995) 'Frustration and Force Majeure - Their Relationship and a
Comparative Assessment', in McKendrick (ed.) Force Majeure and Frustration of
Contract (2nd edn), Uoyds of London.
 Bibliography 409
Miller (1972) 'Felthouse v. Bindley Revisited, Modem Law Review, 34, 489.
Milner (1979) 'Liquidated Damages: An Empirical Study in the Travel Industry',
Modem Law Review, 42, 508.
Montrose (1954) 'The Contract of Sale in Self-Service Stores', American Journal of
Comparative Law, 235.
Moriarty (1984) 'Licenses and Land Law: Legal Principles and Public Policies', Law
Quarterly Review, 100, 376.
Muir (1985) 'Stipulations for the Payment of Agreed Sums', Sydney Law Review,
503.
Opeskin (1990) 'Damages for Breach of Contract Terminated under Express
Terms', Law Quarterly Review, 106, 293.
O'Sullivan (1996) 'In Defence of Foakesv. Beet, Cambridge Law Journal, 55, 219.
Palmer (1982) 'Limiting Liability for Negligence', Modem Law Review, 45, 322.
Palmer (1983) 'Negligence and Exclusion Clauses Again', Lloyd 's Maritime and
Commercial Law Quarterly, 557.
Palmer (1986) 'Clarifying the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977', Business Law
Review, 57.
Palmer and Yates (1981) 'The Future of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977',
Cambridge Law Journal, 40, 108.
Patterson (1958) 'An Apology for Consideration', Columbia Law Review, 58, 929.
Peel (1996) 'Misinterpretation of Contractual Rights and Repudiation', Lloyd's
Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly, 309.
Phang (1990) 'Whither Economic Duress? Reflections on Two Recent Cases',
Modem Law Review, 53, 107.
Phang (1993) 'Implied Terms in English Law - Some Recent Developments',
Journal of Business Law, 242.
Pollock (1875) Law of Contract, London.
Pollock (1950) Principles of Contract, 13th edn, Stevens.
Reiter (1981) 'The Control of Contract Power', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies , 1,
347 .
Reynolds (1989) 'Privity of Contract, the Boundaries of Categories and the Limits of
the Judicial Function', Law Quarterly Review, 105, 1.
Reynolds (1994), 'Unfair Contract Terms', Law Quarterly ReView, 110, 1.
Samek (1970) 'The Requirement of Certainty of Terms in the Formation of Contract
- A Quantitative Approach'. canadian Bar Review, 203.
Schwartz (1979) 'The Case for Specific Performance', Yale Law Journal, 89, 271.
Scottish Law Commission (1977) Memorandum No. 36: Constitution and Proof of
Voluntary Obligations : Formation of Contract.
Sharpe and Waddams (1982) 'Damages for Lost Opportunity to Bargain', Oxford
Journal of Legal Studies, 2, 290.
Simpson (1975) 'Innovation in Nineteenth Century Contract Law', Law Quarterly
Review, 91, 247.
Slade (1952) 'Auction Sales of Goods Without Reserve', Law Quarterly Review, 68,
238.
Slade (1953) 'Auction of Sales of Goods Without Reserve', Law Quarterly Review,
69,21 .
Smith (1995) 'Reconstructing Restraint of Trade', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,
15,566.
Smith (1996) 'In Defence of Substantive Fairness', Law Quarterly Review , 112, 138.
Spencer (1974) 'Signature, Consent, and the Rule in L'Estrange v. Graucoti,
Cambridge Law Journal, 32, 104.
Steyn (1994) 'A Kind of Esperanto', in Birks (ed.), The Frontiers of Liability, Volume
2,OUP,11 .
Swan (1980) 'The Contractual Allocation of Risk in Mistake and Frustration', in
Reiter and Swan (eds), StUdies in Contract Law, Butterworths.
Taylor (1982) 'Expectation, Reliance and Misrepresentation', Modem Law Review,
410 Bibliography

45,139.
Tettenborn (1982) 'Contracts, Privity of Contract, and the Purchaser of Personal
Property', Cambridge Law Journal, 41, 58.
Thai (1988) 'The Inequality of Bargaining Power Doctrine: The Problem of Defining
Contractual Unfairness', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies , 8, 17.
Thompson (1983) 'From Representation to Expectation: Estoppel as a Cause of
Action', Cambridge Law Journal, 42, 257.
Thompson (1995) Contracts by Correspondence', The Conveyancer and Property
Lawyer, 319.
Tiplady (1983) 'The Judicial Control of Contractual Unfaimess', Modem Law
Review, 46, 601.
Trebilcock (1976) 'The Doctrine of Inequality of Bargaining Power: Post-Benthamite
Economics in the House of Lords', University of Toronto Law Journal, 126,359.
Treitel (1976) 'Consideration: A Critical Analysis of Professor Atiyah's Fundamental
Restatement', Australian Law Journal, 50, 439.
Treitel (1992) 'Damages for Breach of Contract in the High Court of Australia', Law
Quarterly Review, 108, 226.
Treitel (1994) Frustration and Force Majeure, Sweet & Maxwell.
Treitel (1995) The Law of Contract (9th edn), Sweet & Maxwell.
Vergne (1985) 'The "Battle of the Forms" Under the 1980 United Nations
Convention on Contracts for the Intemational Sale of Goods', American Journal
of Comparative Law, 33, 233 .
Vorster (1987) 'A Comment on the Meaning of Objectivity in Contract', Law
Quarterly Review, 103, 274.
Waddams (1976) 'Unconscionability in Contracts', Modem Law Review, 39, 369.
Wedderburn (1959) 'Collateral Contracts', Cambridge Law Journal, 58.
Wightman (1989) 'Reviving Contract'. Modem Law Review , 52,116.
Winfield (1939) 'Some Aspects of Offer and Acceptance', Law Quarterly Review,
55,499.
Yates (1982) Exclusion Clauses in Contracts (2nd edn), Sweet & Maxwell.

Index
A minors and 307-310
acceptance
conduct, by 36
communication of 37
mistake, effect of, in making 60-66
post, by 41-5
prescribed method of 39
revocation of 43-4
silence, by 39-40
unilateral contracts and 45-6
unqualified nature of 36-7
adequacy of consideration 76-7,29S
advertisements 31-2
affirmation 346-S
agency 137-S
agreement
contract based on 1-7
objective nature 15-lS, 20-22
subjective IS-20
ambiguity, uncertainty due to 51-7
assignment 142
auction sales 32-3
B promisee, must move from 96, 120-
bargaining power, inequality of 314,
322-4
battle ofthe forms 22-5,37,48-9
bills of exchange 69,96
breach of contract
anticipatory 350-53
discharge by 33S, 341-53
consequences of 343,346-9
occurrence of 342
prospective nature of 345-6
remedies for 355-402
C empirical research and 7
capacity
companies and 312
drunkenness and 311
mental patients and 311
411
causation 376-7
certainty, see uncertainty
collateral contracts 136-7, 250-51
companies
capacity and 312
ultra vires and 312
condition
breach of 179,344
creation of ISo-S4, 385
precedent ISO
promissory 180
subsequent 180
consideration
adequacy of 76-7,330
benefit and detriment as 73-5,94
compromises and 80-81
definition of 73-5
economic value of 76-80, 94
estoppel and 98-100,108-110
existing duties and SI-94
forbearance from suing, as 81
motive and 76
past 95-6
22
reformof 110-111
sufficiency of 76-7
trivial acts and 77-8
total failure of 278, 308, 362-4
valuable 76-7,94
variation of contract, and 102-3
consumer surplus 377-80
contra proferentem rule 171, 196-8
contract
agreement, as 5-6, 15,401-2
basis of 3-5
distributive justice and 4,331-2
promise, as 3-5
scope of, 1-3
contributory negligence 377
counter offer 22, 37
412 Index

D function of 194
damages
action for 355-80
date of assessment of 370
expectation 357-62,371-80
liquidated 386-9,394-7
mental distress, for 377-80
misrepresentation and 249-52
punitive 355
reliance 368-70
restitutionary 362-8
debt
claim in 385-6
part payment of 91-3
deceit, tort of 240, 249
deed 68-9
deposits, forfeiture of 392-4
discharge of the contract
agreement, by 339
breach, by 338
frustration, by 266-7,271-3,339
operation oflaw, by 339
performance, by 338-9
disclosure, duty of
in tort 227-8
no general duty 223-4
particular contracts 228
distributive justice and contract law 4,
331-2
drunkenness and contractual capacity
311
duress 314-9
E fundamental breach 201-2
economic duress 316-9
empirical research and contract law 7
enforcement of the contract by party in
breach 343-4
entire obligations rule 383-5
estoppel
consideration and 98-100, 108-110
convention, by 105-106
defined 100-101
promissory 103-105
proprietary 106-108
representation, by 100-102
European Contract Law 7-10
exclusion clauses
construction of 195-202
definition of 192-4
fundamental breach and 201-202
incorporation of 164-8,195
misrepresentation and 202-3, 253
negligence liability and 198-201
privity of contract and 132-5,203
reasonableness of 214-7
statutory regulation of 203-217
exemption clauses, see Exclusion
clauses
expectation interest
definition of 357-62
protection of 371-80
F
force majeure 268-9,274
forfeiture clauses 392-4
formalities 68-73
freedom of contract 3-5 , 330
frustration
basis of 255-7,282-4
discharge of contract and 266-7,
269
effects of 278-82
express provision for 273-5
foreseen and foreseeable events and
275
illegality and 273
impossibility and 271-2
leases, of 270
mistake, relation to 255-7
self-induced 275-8
purpose, of, 272-3
fundamental terms 202
G
gaming contractors 291
good faith 229-32, 329
H
hardship clauses 268-9
I
illegality in contracts
classification of 287-8
crime, agreement to commit 293
effects of 299-304
 Index 413

public policy, agreement contrary to tort, liability in 310

291-9 void contracts and 308
recovery of money or property 299- voidable contracts and 308
304 misrepresentation
performance, illegality in 288-90 damages for 249-252
sexual immorality, agreements excluding liability for 253
involving 292-3 fraudulent 240, 249
statutory 290 innocent 246, 250-52
implied terms 173-7 negligent 240-46, 249-50
incompleteness of agreement 57-8 promise, distinguished from 234-5
indemnity clauses 192, 213 rescission for 246-8
inequality of bargaining power 314, term of contract, distinguished from
322-4 151-4
injunction mistake
damages in lieu of 401 acceptance, effect of, in making 60-
no indirect specific performance 401 66
innominate terms agreement 60-66
creation of 188-90 common 60, 257-66
breach of 188-90 equity, in 264-6
intention to create legal relations 113- frustration and 255-7
9 fundamental 257-8
interpretation 168-71 non estfactum 162-4
invitation to treat, distinguished from offer, effect of, in making 60-66
offer 27-36 performance, as to possibility 261-2
person, as to 62-6
quality, as to 262-4
subject matter, as to existence of
J
jurisdiction of courts, agreement to 258-61
oust 294 subject matter, identity of 261
unilateral 60-66
mitigation of damage 371-2
L
leases, frustration of 270
legal relations, intention to create N
113-9 Necessaries, see Minors
limitation clauses 196-7 ,216-7 negotiable instruments 143
liquidated damages 386-9,394-7 non estfactum 162-4

M o
marriage brokage contracts 292 objectivity 15-18,20-22
mental patients 311 offer
minors acceptance of, see Acceptance
capacity to enter into contracts 307- counter 22, 37
10 duration of 47
contracts by 307-10 ignorance of 38-9
executed contracts and 309 invitation to treat distinguished from
necessaries, for 307-8 27-36
passing of property and 310 mistake in making of 60-66
ratification, of 308 revocation of 46-7
414 Index
p restitution, law of contract and 6, 59-
Parliament and contract law 324-5 60
parol evidence rule 157-9 restraint of trade
partial failure of consideration 279, contracts in 295-8
362-3 contracts of employment and 296
past consideration 95-6 contracts for the sale of a business
penalties and 297
distinguished from liquidated scope of 297-8
damages 386-9 revocation of offers 46-7
evading the rules as to 390-92 rewards, offers of 31-2,38
justification for the rules as to 394-7 risk allocation
performance 337-8 common mistake and 255-7, 282-
post, contract made by 41-5 4
privity of contract frustration and 255-7,282-4
collateral contracts and 136-7
consideration and 96, 120-22
development of 123-5 S
doctrine of 120-47 severance, of illegal contracts 304-5
exceptions to 135-44 social and domestic arrangements
exclusion clauses and 132-5 115-7
liability of third parties under 130- specific performance 397-401
32 contracting for 399-400
reform of 144-7 damages in lieu of 401
third party, enforcement by promisee when not available 398-9
for 126-30 standard form contracts 193
tort, law of, and 140-42 subjectivity and agreement 18-20
promissory estoppel , see Estoppel
proprietary estoppel, see Estoppel
public policy T
agreements contrary to 291-9 tender, contract by 33-5
new heads of, whether possible to termination of the contract 344
create 298-9 terms of the contract
puffs, mere 151, 236 ambiguity 61
classification of 179-90
condition 179-84, 344, 385
R exclusion clauses 192-218
rectification 171-3 fundamental 202
reliance implied 173-7
consideration and 97-100 incorporation of 164-8
damages and 368-70 innominate 188-90
protection of 368-70 interpretation of 168-71
remedies for breach of contract 355- representations, distinguished from
402 151-4
remoteness of damage 373-6 third parties, see Privity of contract
representation tort
conduct , by 225-6 contract and 6
distinguished from promise 234-5 duty of disclosure in 227-8
repudiation 346 privity of contract and 140-42
rescission total failure of consideration 279, 308,
for breach 247, 344 362-4
for misrepresentation 246-8, 344 trusts of contractual obligations 138-40
 Index 415

U variation of contracts 102-103

uberrimae fide i 227 void contracts
ultra vires 312 consequences of 61,66,164,259,
uncertainty 260,266,287,308
ambiguity 51-7,59 illegality and 287, 299
incompleteness 57-8 voidable contracts 61, 66, 164, 247,
vagueness 57 266,299,308,315
unconscionability 330-32
undue influence
actual 319,321-2
manifest disadvantage and 319-21
presumed 319,321 W
unfair contracts 298-9 , 330-32 wagering contracts 291
waiver 102-103,348-9
warranty, breach of 179,189,344
V written evidence, see Parol evidence
vagueness 57 rule