BAHRIA UNIVERSITY (KARACHI CAMPUS)

FINAL EXAMINATION –SPRING SEMESTER – 2020

(Entrepreneurship & Leadership (HSS-421))

Class: BS (CS) (Morning) Time: 8:00 am to 4:00 pm

Course Instructor: Adnan Time Allowed: 08 Hours
Date: 8th July 2020; Session: I Max Marks: 50

Note:All questions carry equal marks.

In addition to upload the solution on LMS, please also email it to course instructor.
In order to avoid any run time electricity and internet unavailability situation, it is suggested that keep
your laptop charged. Also activate 3G/4G connection as an alternative of Wi-Fi/internet option to
upload your solution.

Read Carefully:

• Final Exam should be typed in A4 size paper.

• This is an individual exam; you must solve it by yourself. Any form of plagiarism will
result in receiving zero in the final exam.

• Late submission will not be accepted. Submission after the cutoff time will receive zero.

• Incomplete and copied, will not be accepted and will receive zero.

QUESTION: 1 (5+5=10 Marks)

Steve Jobs and his friend Steve Wozniak were self-taught engineers who created one of the
most popular, revolutionary, technology brand, “Apple”. Steve Jobs was not the first person to
have an idea to create a user-friendly computer, and he was not the first person to come up with
an idea about music players or smartphones, but he was the first person to implement them. He
covered potential ideas and then implemented them in ways that no one had ever dreamed of
before. Apple products, whether they be a computer, laptop, iPod, iPhone, iTunes, or otherwise,
are featured everywhere. Not only Apple products are of high quality technological items, but
the company also has superior branding and a strong company image making them, one of the
most popular and easily recognizable brands in the world.

a) From this example, identify and explain any four traits/characteristics of Steve Jobs that
helped him to be successful in his business.

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 ANS:
Four Traits/Characterstics Of Steve Jobs:
1. Creative Thinking:
Steve Job was a man of personality who uses his mind for great
invention that revolutionized the whole world with new technology. His sound and
technical mind helps him to produce such a product that becomes well-known in
all over the world.His implementation on computer process power,more often his
usage of mobiles like iphone, store like appstore etc are firm evidence that shows
his creative thinking from others.
2. Risk Taker & Fearless Personality:
One of the most important factor that made Steve job
different from normal person is no fear of what will happen if his implementation
not become successful. His fearless move despite money risk, time risk and also
reputation risk he made his mind enough strong that helps him to become
successful.Risk factors and Fear of loss in any mean didn’t shaked his idea nor his
mind to do such a great work.
3. Firm Believe In His Implementation:
Steve Job knows that his idea was innovative and
creative,He thinks above from the boundary which is necessary for making
revolution in world.He strongly believe in Technology and implements his idea
that no one ever before think to do that.His passion and devtion towards in his idea
was unbelieveable just because he believes his implementation with whole heart.
He knows that the thing that he is going to do will definitely be successful because
he just not only work hord in his work but also the self believe and confidence of
his personality made this happen successfully.
4. Motivation In Betterment Of Work:
Personally the one factor that I believed which make
him a well known personality is Steve job always work hard and always try to
work for betterment of product. His motivation for moving forward and to hold
power in market made his product more successful.

b) What are the factors/reasons that support the success of Apple Company?

ANS:
Factors In Suucess of APPLE Company:
There are many reasons that support the success of Apple Company some of them are
mentioned below:
 Long Vision:
One of the greatest resaon that made APPLE Company
successful is vision in moving ahead from market at-least 2-3 years.This
technique helps APPLE Company to flourished more in market because
they knows where the market competetors are standingSo,they always
move forward ahead in invention of technology.
 Betterment In Product (New additions):
Struggling for more better
work is a also a biggest reason that helps Apple Company to grow their

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 bussiness more effectively.Company always comes with up new features
in upcoming products to grap the customers and market as well.
 Maintain Product Quality:
Maintianing the quality of
product is also a successful reason of Apple Company . Quality assurance
is the trademark of Company they didn’t compromise in quality of the
product because they knows this is one of the main reason that Apple
Company is become successful.
 Target Market Properly:
Branding of product porperly
and targeting the market is also a key reason of Apple Company for having
hold in international market. They knows how to keep track the trend of
market and bussiness methodology.
 Different Choices For Customer:
Providing different
products with extra features and providing different collection in different
prices is strong pillar of Apple Company having success in market.

 Sale and Retail Price:

Maintaining Saling and
reatailing prices of products helps Company in growing their more
customers is a basic reason in success.
 Knows The Need of Customer & Response Properly:

Apple Company cares about his customer and give them feedback
properly for making the trust of their customers.This is also a bigger reason
of success.

QUESTION: 2 (5+5=10 Marks)

Awang was a real craftsman when it came to being a machinist. Awang had learned almost all
that he knew from Daud, his first and only employer. Awang was married and had three young
children. He was 33 years old and had worked for Daud ever since he finished his tour in the
Army. In 12 years, Awang had polished his skills under the watchful and critical eye of Daud.
Daud was quick to recognize Awang's talent for the trade. Awang had a positive attitude about
learning and displayed a drive for perfection that Daud admired. Daud's Machine Shop was a
successful small business. Its success was based mostly on the reputation for quality that had
been established over its 42 years in operation. Daud had come to this country with his new
wife, Salmah, when he was in his late twenties. Now the business was a success, but Daud
remembered the early years when he and Salmah had to struggle. Daud wanted the business to
continue to produce the highest quality craftsman products possible. On a Friday evening, he
called Awang into his office at closing time, poured him a cup of half-day-old coffee, and
began to talk with him about the future. "Awang, Salmah and I are getting old and I want to
retire. It has been 42 years of fun but these old hands need a rest. In short, Salmah and I would
like you to buy the business. We both feel that your heart is in this craft and that you would
always retain the quality that we have stood for." Awang was taken aback by the offer. He, of
course, knew Daud was getting older, but had no idea Daud would retire. Awang and his wife,
Jenny, had only RM4200 in the bank. Most of Awang's salary went for the normal costs of
rearing three children. Daud knew Awang did not have the money to buy the business in cash,
but he was willing to take a portion of the profits for the next 15 years and a modest initial
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investment from Awang. Awang had, for the past four years, made most of the technical
decisions in the shop. Awang knew the customers and was well respected by the employees. He
had never been involved in the business side of the operation. He was a high school graduate
but had never taken business courses. Awang was told by Daud that even after deducting the
percentage of the profits he would owe under the sales agreement, he would be able to almost
double his annual earnings. Awang would have to take on all the business functions himself
because Jenny had no business training either.

a) Which entrepreneurial characteristics does Awang have that may be important to his
success?
ANS:
According to me Awang have some basic characterstics that are necessarry for becoming
a entrepreneur. Some characterstics that Awang may have are mentioned below:
 Devotion In Work:
Awang is a real craftsman. He works hard for the developing
of bussiness that helps him in success of bussiness.
 Knows His Ability:
Becoming a successful entrepreneur you should know your
ability in which field you have expertise.Awang works from a long time
period he knows his strength and weaknesses.He knows how to catch
customers with quality of product. This can helps Awang more in success
of bussiness.

 Dealing With Customer:

Daud knows the ability of Awang that he can trade
goods in productive manner which can helps Awang in success of
bussiness.
 Knows How To Handle Customer:
Awang had great expertise in trade of
products that is vital point which can grow his bussiness.
 Experienced In Bussiness:
Awang supervision under Daud’s eye and a long time
period service to daud’s bussiness with honesty helped him to become
more experienced in market which is essential for bussiness growth.
 Education:
Awang’s is also graduated from high school means he had some
knowledge also about modern technology which can help him bussiness
growth.

b) Which characteristics could lead to Awang’s failure?

ANS:
In spite of Awang’s quality but there are also some points which can lead
towards his failures. Some points that may cause failure are
 Awang didn’t owned bussiness yet he just worked as a worker
not as a Boss of bussiness this may cause a failure may be he
can’t manage both his work load and Bussiness leadership at a
time.
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  Awang also didn’t have any bussiness courses which can also
made trouble from him.
 May be partnership terms of Daud’s can cause him in trouble.
 Fear of loss in bussiness can also cause a failure.

QUESTION: 3 (5+5=10 Marks)

Franchising is appropriate when a firm has a strong or a potentially strong trademark, a well-
designed business method, and a desire to grow. Cell phone companies are an example, because
it possesses all three of these qualities.

a) When do franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees? Explain in an organizational

identity perspective.
ANS:
Franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees because:
 They knows entrepreneurial franchisees can comes up with new ideas that can
flourished their bussiness more.
 They knows entrepreneurial franchisees have ability to take risks according to current
technology.
 They knows entrepreneurial franchisees also knows the current market need and gap
that should be implement.
 They knows that there should be positive effect due to new innovations and ideas of
promotion of new products.
 Definitely Financial and economical both advantages are clearly visible to Franchisors
on selecting entrepreneurial franchisees that’s why they move for it.
 It will also increase the fame of company.
 Both parties will be benificial thorugh this contract in financial means and also in
other bussiness
Conclusion:
Regardless of the recognized significance of the establishment choice procedure, just a
couple of exact investigations have analyzed this examination zone. This hierarchical
character hypothesis to clarify when the franchisor wants to choose explicitly franchisees
that have the potential for innovative conduct. The outcomes uncovered that the frameworks
that select pioneering franchisees are those that have enterprising qualities as a major
aspect of their hierarchical personality, as reflected in the standardized help given by the
franchisor for innovative exercises. Furthermore, we found that the presentation of the
establishment framework is emphatically influenced where the franchisor tries to choose
franchisees whose innovative qualities are consistent with those of the framework.

b) “Innovative ideas are always high in entrepreneurship”. Briefly explain any three methods
to generate new ideas for business?

ANS:
For developing your bussiness it is necessary you should have innovative ideas.For becoming
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 a successful entrepreneurship you must have some qualities that can generate new ideas in
bussiness.Some methods are mention below to generate new ideas for bussiness:
 Travel In Different Places:
Travelling is one of the greatest way to innovate new ideas
because it gives you more experienced while travelling.
From the beginning of the world travelling is still a good way
to observe peoples and knows which product is most needed in
the respective country according to live style of there
peoples.Travelling also makes your mind to think more
cleverly and closely observe the new innovation.
EXAMPLE:
Scott Keyes founder of scott cheap’s flight innovates an idea
through travelling
Tom Marchant co-founder of Black Tomato also innovates an
idea through travelling

 Keep Tracking Of Market Need:

For innovating new idea an entrepreneur must know about the
gap which he/she will going to fulfil with his/her idea means an
entrepreneur should closely observe the customer need and
must know which is his/her targeted audience.By knowing the
current position of market you can think more clearly that how
much your idea will be successful.
EXAMPLE:
Henry Ford
Larry Page
Thomas Edison
These are some famous entrepreneurs who develop ideas from
knowing the needs of market.

 Marketing Through Social Media & Personality:

In this era of modern world without marketing and social media
it’s almost impossible to promote your idea publically,Also by
keep tracking of social media and personalities you can also
generate an innovative idea.
EXAMPLE:
Mark Zukerburg
Steve Jobs

QUESTION: 4 (5+5=10 Marks)

A business model is a firm's plan or recipe for how it creates, delivers, and captures value for its
stakeholders. A firm's business model also describes how the core aspects of what it does fit
together and complement one another.

Business models are fundamental to a firm's ability to succeed both in the short and long term.

Dropbox, for example, has what's referred to as a freemium business model. It offers customers
a free account with a set amount of storage space, and makes money by selling premium
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 accounts with more capacity. Dropbox could charge all of its users a monthly fee based on the
amount of storage that they use, but that's not its business model. Its business model is based on
the belief that by introducing users to its service through a free account, it will ultimately sign
up more paid users.

a) Discuss in details the value proposition of Dropbox by using the Business Canvas Model.
ANS:
DISCUSSION:
Dropbox's offer is that it give distributed storage allowed to each android client which makes it adaptable over
numerous cell phone client. Dropbox utilizes amazon straightforward capacity administration. Dropbox is a
cloud supplier and a cloud consumer.It empowers individuals to utilize the cloud administration on a
preliminary constrained stockpiling administration that individuals do use over numerous stage for nothing.
Dropbox permit client to get to information effectively over the web. It additionally gives security to its
exceptional clients that makes information secure.

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 Designed for: Designed by: Date:
Business Model Canvas DROPBOX Syed Sualeh 7/8/2020

Key Partners Key Activities Value Propositions Customer RelationshipsCustomer Segments

 Promotion of  Fermium  Mass market
 Strategic service model  Existing
partnership  Continual  Online market
with HTC Development storage :  Target: every
 5GB free of platform backup one using
android for and services  Easy access memory card
android  Troubleshoot to data or email to
users ing for  Accessibility send data.
 Dropbox customers : universal
uses application
Amazon’s Key Resources  Simplicity of Channels
simple  Physical user  Direct and
storage assets interface own:
service(3S) (servers,  Automatic homepage
for data computers, synchronizati
storage  Indirect:
high speed on of data
Referral
internet  Risk
through
connections) Reduction
users
 Skilled HR
 Intellectual
 Other
assets indirect
 Growing channels
financial  Partner
resources channels:
online tech
forums
Cost Structure Revenue Streams
 Venture Capital  Pricing material : fixed list price
 Rapid Growth  Payment model: usage and subscription free
 Strategic Partnerships  Recurring revenue from on going payments
 Acquisitions

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 b) How did Dropbox use the Lean Launchpad Method (Using the steps of Customer
Development and Agile Product Development)?
ANS:
HOW DID DROPBOX USE THE LEAN LAUNCHPAD METHOD:
Lean Startup is the three step approach designed to help companies so that they can improve their
market positions and bussiness means.
BUILD:
In the construct stage, organizations make a base reasonable item (MVP), which is essentially a
model with adequate center highlights to premium early adopters, whose input causes you recognize
the extra highlights you'll have to speak to a more extensive market. The construct stage doesn't need
to be a genuine item, however can essentially be the possibility of the item.

How Dropbox did it: Dropbox marked on 5,000 supporters before it really had an item to offer.
The cloud-based document stockpiling and sharing administrations organization created recruits
from a 90-second video that portrayed its administrations and why individuals should pay for them.
MEASURE:
The reaction to your MVP dispatch decides:

Regardless of whether there is adequate enthusiasm to proceed with item advancement

On the off chance that there is adequate intrigue, what highlights/functionalities ought to be included
or refined?

How Dropbox did it: A second Dropbox MVP video show created extra enthusiasm, including
75,000 early adopters in a solitary day, joined by a surge of top notch input to make the item as easy
to use as could be expected under the circumstances. They urged clients to offer remarks on Votebox
about what they enjoyed or didn't care for. Indeed, the organization keeps on utilizing Votebox to
permit its clients to remark on which highlights work best for them and which ones don't.
Learn:
In view of what you've gained from your initial adopters, the following choice point is whether to
endure or rotate. Would you be able to continue with a similar item technique or do you have to
change some part of it? Or then again, do you have to close down item advancement totally?

On the off chance that early adopters like the MVP, at that point drive forward. These are a few
instances of turns:

Different highlights are disposed of for a solitary component that turns into the last item.

The item increases to fuse missing highlights or capacities.

You find that other client needs are more imperative to address than what the MVP offered, so it's
back to the point where it all began.

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How Dropbox did it: Enthusiasm among early adopters convinced Dropbox to endure. The inquiry at
that point turned out to be the manner by which to extend past the underlying client base. The
organization put resources into an assortment of web based advertising strategies that brought about
unreasonably high and unfruitful client securing costs. What Dropbox realized was to rather expand
on the eagerness of its client base by offering a two-sided impetus referral program.

Dropbox then offered extra free stockpiling to both new supporters just as the individuals who
alluded clients. In 15 months, Dropbox went from 100,000 enlisted clients to 4 million, to a great
extent by listening in on others' conversations referrals. They figured out how to keep doing what
they were doing well in any case (building up a submitted client network and giving it an effect on
item improvement) and not to stress over increasingly conventional promoting approaches.

QUESTION: 5 (5+5=10 Marks)

A copyright is a form of intellectual property protection that grants to the owner of a work of
authorship the legal right to determine how the work is used and to obtain the economic
benefits from the work. The work must be in tangible form, such as a book, operating manual,
or magazine article. If something is not in a tangible form, such as a speech that has never been
recorded or saved as a computer file, copyright law does not protect it.

a) How safe is it for users to download online copyright content?

ANS:
This scenario consist of two terms it maybe safe or not according to use:
SAFE:
 It can be safe to download online copyright content if just you have to use it not to
make changes in it.
 For downloading online copyright content it should be necessary to show that it’s
copyright from which source you downloaded.
EXAMPLE:
In research papers we usually use material of others for authentication by giving
refrence in it.
Just like in universities FYP students take help from previous inventions and put
refrence of them.
UNSAFE:
 After downloading online contet if you make changes on that content and shows it
as your content and published it, then it would be a crime.
 Using anyones content as your personal bussiness or wanted to be fame would be
illegal.
 Using of someones videos,songs,themes in your material as background is also
unsafe way
EXAMPLE:
Youtube banned many channels on using background theme songs

b) Explain the importance of acquiring a registered copyright for any site’s content and how
to copyright it.

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ANS:
IMPORTANCE OF ACQUIRING A REGISTERED COPYRIGHT FOR ANY
SITE’S CONTENT:
 First for acquring a registered copyright for any site content’s yoyu should have
permission of one who is the owner of that.
 By having permission of owner it helps that no one can further claim on you.
 If content will be viewed by usesrs then it will be benificial for you in aspect of earning.
 Viewing of content from users will also increase your site searches generates traffic which
help both parties the owner and the one who copyrights.
 Also by having agreement no legal issues will interrupt you.
 Registered copyright content also gives your positive gesture to public because of
following legal way to use copright content.
HOW TO COPYRIGHT IT:
For acquiring a registered copyright there is an agreement way that helps one who wants site
content from the owner of the content he/she first asked the owner for using his content if he
agrees then an agreement between both parties would be made which will helps it copyright the
content.

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