CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Method and Design

In conducting this research the writer chooses to use a quantitative

approach. Moreover, the method in this research is the Pre-Experimental

method with one group pre-test and post-test design. This method is

chosen since in this research some treatments are implemented to discover

the use or influence of Gallery Walk Strategy on students’ reading ability.

Furthermore, the one group pre-test and post-test design are used in this

research to discover the influence before and after the treatment is given.

Reading test using recount text is used as a pre-test and post-test in

this research. The aim of the pre-test is to discover the students’

background knowledge in reading comprehension of recount text. After

the result of the pre-test is obtained, the researcher gives the treatment. At

the same time, the post-test is provided to measure the effect of Gallery

Walk strategy on students’ achievement in reading comprehension. The

formula taken from Creswell (2014) is as follows:

Class Pre-test Treatment Post-test

Experimental O1 X O2
Group

O1 : Pre-test (Objective Test)

X : Treatment (Using Gallery Walk Strategy)

O2 : Post-test (Objective Test)

 The researcher uses one class as a sample in the one group pre-test

and post-test design. There are three steps in this design. The first one is

that the students are given a pre-test (O1), for the pre-test is used to

identify background knowledge of the students’ reading comprehension.

Afterward, the researcher gives treatment (X) in teaching reading by using

Gallery Walk strategy. At the end of the teaching-learning process, the

students are given a post-test (O2), in order to discover the influence.

B. Population and Sample

The population of this research is all students of the eleventh grade

in SMK BINA INSAN MANDIRI. The total numbers of all students of the

eleventh grade are 42 students that consist of 2 classes namely XI OKTP

and XI TKJ and each class consists of 16 to 26 students. Sample refers to a

subgroup of the target population. To take the sample, the researcher uses

a random sampling technique to determine the class which can be the

sample. The writer chooses this sampling technique regarding the level of

achievement of all the students from the eleventh grade is considered as

the same, so it is appropriate to use the random sampling technique to

decide the sample. The random sampling technique refers to a technique in

which sample members are selected by mixing the subject without

considering the level in the population. Then, the result from the random

sampling technique was XI OTKP class that consists of 26 students as the

sample.
C. Research Instruments

A research instrument is considered as a measurement tool that is

designed to collect data in conducting the research. The form of the

instrument in this research is a multiple-choice question test in order to

measure the students’ reading comprehension on recount text. The test is

applied in the pre-test and post-test. The pre-test aims to measure the

background knowledge of students’ reading comprehension before

treatments are applied. Meanwhile, the post-test aims to measure the

students’ learning results in reading comprehension after treatments are

given.

For limiting the test, the reading test is limited to a number of

reading strategies which are determining the main idea, questioning, and

finding the reference in the text. The reading test emphasizes finding the

main idea, specific information, and building vocabularies that consist of

25 multiple-choice items. The test items are standardized tests that are

adapted from the students’ workbook module for eleventh-grade senior

high school and the English book of Erlangga straight point series for

senior high school grade XI. Therefore, validity checking for the item test

is unnecessary considering that the test item has passed the validity check.

In pre-test and post-test, students are asked to read recount text that

is provided by the writer and answer the following 25 questions of recount

text in the form of multiple-choice. Furthermore, the given treatment is the

application of Gallery Walk strategy in teaching reading of recount text for

 three meetings. The pre-test and post-test are used to discover whether

there are effects or not during the learning process.

D. Data Collection Technique

There are two tests that are used in order to collect the data in this

research. At first, the data is collected from the pre-test which the students

should answer 25 questions based on the information of Recount text that

has been provided. The recount text along with the questions are given at

the first meeting when the writer conducts the research. After that, the

writer gives the treatment in second meetings by using Gallery Walk

Strategy. During the treatments, the students are given an exercise to

discover the main idea, specific purpose, and building vocabularies of

recount text in reading comprehension.

The second test is the post-test, and it is conducted after the

Gallery Walk Strategy is applied in the second meeting. In the post-test,

the students’ are given a recount text to read along with the questions

provided by the writer or the students to solve. After that, the researcher

compares the result of the tests. The last step is analyzing the data by using

the t-test formula to find out the effect of Gallery Walk Strategy on

students’ reading comprehension of recount text.

E. Data Analysis

After all the data are collected, the result of the test is analyzed by

using a t-test. The aim of using a t-test is to discover the influence of the
treatment by using Gallery Walk Strategy on students’ reading

comprehension. Afterward, the result of the pre-test is compared to the

result of the post-test by using the t-test formula; moreover, the result of t-

test formula is examined to t-table to uncover whether it has a significant

influence or not. The t-test formula is drawn as follows Arikunto

(2013:208):

1. Calculating the Difference (d)

Calculating Difference (d) is used to find out the result of the

students’ test before (pre-test) and after (post-test) being taught by

using Gallery Walk Strategy. The formula is drawn as follow:

d = [y-x]
Notes:
y = post-test result of each student
x = pre-test result of each student

The difference (d) is obtained by reducing the score of post-test

and pre-test from each student. Then, calculate all the total d as the

result. Having obtained (∑d), the researcher continues to find out the

mean.

2. Calculating the Mean (Md)

After the calculating difference is obtained, the following step is to

calculate the mean of difference. Calculating the mean of difference is

used to uncover the average of the result from the samples by dividing

the total difference and total of samples. The result of the mean is used in
 calculating t-test. The mean of the data in this research is gained by using

the following formula:

Md = ∑d
n
Notes:
Md = Mean of difference
∑d = Total of difference
n = Number of students

3. Calculating the Deviation of Gain (Xd)

The following step is the calculating deviation of difference. It is

used to obtain the gap score from Difference (d) and Mean of Difference

(Md). The result of the Deviation of Gain is also used in calculating t-test

in the next procedure.

Xd = d – Md
Notes:
Xd = The deviation of gain
d = The difference
Md = The mean of difference

4. Calculating T-test

A calculating t-test is used to discover whether there is a different

average or not from the sample. The result of the t-test is the t-test value.

The main procedure is to divide the outcome. The formula is drawn as

follow:
 Notes:

t = t-test
Md = Mean of difference
2
∑x d = Total quadrate deviation of difference
n = Number of students
Before continuing to calculate the t-test value, the writer starts by
finding out the result of (∑ xd 2).in order to obtain (∑ xd 2), the writer
should obtain ∑d2 at first by quadrating each d of each student. Then, the
result of d quadrate is summed as the result of (∑ xd 2).
5. Testing the Hypothesis

The last procedure is testing the hypothesis. It proves that whether

the hypotheses are accepted or rejected by comparing the t-test value.

The result of value degree of freedom (d.f) is checked to t-table to know

whether it has a significant effect or not.

d.f = n – 1

Notes:

d.f = Degree of freedom

n = Number of students