M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Plates A plate is a flat solid body whose thickness is small compared to the other dimensions and is subjected to bending loads. + Examples: Floors, cilings, windows, dise brakes, ship decks, truck beds The learning objectives Understand the theory of thin plate bending, its limitations, and its applications in design and analysis. Understand how to incorporate complexities in plate theory. tations 1. The mid plane of the plate is flat 2 The thickness ofthe plate f(y) i an order of mauni- tude smaller than the dimensions in the x or y direc- ‘The thickness ofthe plate x.y) and transverse load- ing pox) vary grauualy ‘We are away from the rezions of stress concentration, [No in-plane loads- pure bending apne smarfo,| and «mart lo. [5yy)[Payf) ‘The loads do not vary with time, oF vary so slowly (quasi static problem) 8, We restrict ourselves to linear theory KirchhoffLove plate theory: 0 < w < 0.2h: Von-Karman plate theory 0.3 = w 24 x) Linear Non-tin-M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Thin plate theory + Our objective is to obtain equations relating the bending stresses 6,., 6), and t,, to internal Forces and moments and obtain the boundary value problem governing the transverse deflection w of the plate Assumption | Deformations are not functions of time. Assumption 2 Squashing— dimensional changes in the z direction, is significantly smaller than bending. eso etsy, v= w= wees)Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Assumption 3 Plane sections before deformation remain planes after deformation. + Displacements 1 and v are linear funetion of z 4 mys 2M, sin\),= 25 Neuss) —Z8iny, — VAVAOSI)—Z8imH, we WEI) ‘The rotations y, and y, arenot funetions z.u,(%.3) ~ 0 ¥,C8s3) = 0 If there are no inplane forces.Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Assumption 4 Plane sections perpendicular to the plate mid surface remain nearly perpendicular after deformation, ~ semaine = 20 100 Theriehtangle t CromsinsasghtangleatCy. yy = ev "(@2)—w, = en (22) Assumption 5. Deflection and its derivatives are small. eee Assumption 6 Strains are small J) mt on G)-) us wewy >, + The strains vary linearly with z + ‘The maximum strain will be either on the top or bottom surface of the plate. sand dw /éxéy + Curvatures of deformed curved plate are 8°w/@x", @w/2y" Material Model Assumption 7 The material i isotropic Assumption 8 The material i linearly elastic. Assumption 9 There are no thermal or non-mechanical strains, + The plate is in state of plane stress. 0, =M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Static Equivaleney tig ~ Hye Sigg ty > fo ee a : is + All force siressresltants will have the units of force per untt length +All moment stress resultant will have the units of moments per unit length * The internal shear forces q, and q, are necessary for force equilibrium in the z direction, which implies that the and +,, cannot be zero but must be small. stresses +, + Average values of these stresses can be found by dividing the internal shear forees q, and q, by the thickness. + ‘The maximum of these average values must be an order of magnitude smaller than the maximum inplane stresses,Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Location of neutral surface (origin) Ez a wp_Eve a wy Eve aw Dee ee ae ty = 2 Scat ~ 0 oh Be a stants a sea 0 Assumption 10 The eer is homogeneous across the thiekness of the plate = Ow. E ow Ey _ ow E a Ev ~~ 9G8". Mee = z+ 7 y= z+ 7 My = 2655, wa aah arta-) aah, Oy + [=a = 0) The origin and the neutral surface must be at the mid surface for pure bending of plates. Stress formulas 2 ae Gee Bee Bese eels ‘As per Assumption 10 of homogeneity across the thickness. we obtain z (8) (3 Me #), (ey tk om 202 fe Moment-curvature equations pee] fl Bie na-v)|M Vale Adkancod Mechanics of Mater: Pes * The bending stresses in plates vary linearly through the thickness and will be maximum at top and bottom sur- face of the plate Equilibrium Force equilibrium in z-direction:Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Differential equation A PS) “Sse Es) +All} 3G) 8 SP) G3) aalloo fe] SPS Assumption 11 The plate is homogeneous inthe x and y direction Assumption 12 The plate is of uniform thickness. A,B, v, and D are constant pv'w = | 2 , 2 isthe Laplace operator and ¥* rat a ay Vv? is the bi-harmonic operator.Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Boundary Conditions Fourth order partial differential equation requires two conditions at each boundary point.On boundary point there are three internal quantities, a shear force and two moments, These three quantities need to be reduced to two, Kirchhoffs arguments Comer Foree mi = constant Specify 7, oF ] and [m,, 0 (On acomer SpeCily LReoyney 8 a & coma Spit) ant [no 4]M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes oS dary Condition caatasi Specily oF WI Specity [mor Tae we way) = 0 ao Sino = [wan =o im, ay) = 0 oF =| [ me Fs =e [Tay = Oo im. fa,y) = 0 61 Sed [= Tor re aD — 9 ee mks iy | 1609) = O= Krwlayy m,,(a,y) = Kya) io 1 mea) a > v dots way) iM. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes C5.1 The eross section of laminated plate made from two materials is shown below. Both materials have the same Poisson’s ratio but different modulus of elasticity. The displacement field is given “Mow /ex) Mew/éy)— waw(e.y) where, zis measured from the mid surface and z, is the location of the neutral surface. (a) Determine the value of z, assuming all assumptions except for material homogeneity across the thickness are valid. (6) Obtain stress formulas and the differential equation governing the deflection of the laminated plate, (c) By substituting, ~ F, show that the results for parts a and & give the same results as classical plate theory for homogeneous material.Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes C52 InMindlin-Reissner plate theory Assumption 4 of planes sections perpendicular to the plate mid sur- face remain nearly perpendicular after deformation is dropped to account for shear. (a) Starting with the displace- ‘ment field below obtain the stress formulas and differential equations if all assumptions exeept Assumption 4 are valid. wiley) w= wE59) (b) Show the results reduce to those of classical plate theory by substituting y, = dw/as and y, ~ ow/2yM. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Navier’s solution of rectangular plates In 1820, Navier found the solution for a rectangular plate that is simply supported on all its boundary. Differential Equation pkey) D PHO —9 one=a wlay= 0 SH) Ewes, 0) ony=6 — wedy=o Dele) ay * Only even derivatives in the boundary value problem. *+ Even derivatives of Sine (Cosines) functions produce Sine (Cosine) functions. *+ Sine functions can satisfy all boundary conditionsMt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes 9 E Dados) rar ~ BB Pana where, 1/,,, and F,, are constant coefficients to be determined. + The series consists of independent functions. + ‘The infinite series is complete for this class of problem. Substituting w(x,) and p(x») we obtain a oe TT ‘To determine the constants ?,,, we use the orthogonality conditions of Sine functions given below. * 0 men orthogonality cnaitn: fon(nd)sin(n0)0 1x i ponerMt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Uniform distributed load p,(x.3) = p, mm = 1,3,5° 0 mn = 2,446 16p5 elt SE nae Maximum values of w and tig atx ~ 0/2 and y = b/2— Convergence Study ‘Square plate: 6 - a Poisson's ratio of v = 1/3,Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes site» BEES ow the var ems a No.of [mya Yael) (dal!) ferns et fa T TTI | 41606 waar 7519 TT Ra a a] ore eared eee fae Re lt eco rose esse east Re ella coca cool eect [IeaceVale Advanced Mechanic of Matra: Patt (gos 10°) Poa Hiya 1 vs, number of terms, vs. number of tems + differentiation increases and integration decreases the error of approximation. ”M. Vale Advanced Mechanics of Materia Pats Nadai-Levy solution of rectangular plates 1. Plate simply supported on two opposite sides as shown below. The other two sides ean have any ditions. The boundary conditions atx = 0 and x= a ean be written as pe of support or boundary con- WO) = 0 0 way=0 ay=0 «iy 2. ‘The loading p, is only dependent on x, that is, p.(x,») = p(s) poo) + the deflection solution in two parts: w(x.) = wy(s) + y(3) ay, at (x) 0 629)Mt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Homogeneous solution WAP) = SO Hey) Sirona) 2) Seeing 20) 4 2d Hy, dH, 0 sa 22) aye ay" ‘The homogeneous solution is, [n) ~ Soe ay = Dw ad coshny 7a) + (C+ Bonny smb) sana) Particular solution Method I: w= 5 Wgsin( mea) Aa) = SZ Pysin(s/ay OF Method II: Direct integration for given value of p, For uniform load p, ~ pyM. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes C53. The simply supported plate shown below is subject to a uniform distributed force of p,, (a) Obtain a seties solution for deflection w using Nadai-Levy Method. (b) For maximum deflection w and bending moment my, compare the convergence of Nadai-Levy Method with Navier’s method for a square plate and Poisson’s ratio of. vais ‘Spy Sopponed 20M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Circular plates Axisymmetrie: Loading, material property, and geometry are independent of the angular coordinate q, Solution is independent of angular coordinate © tw = w(r) o-0 aw = dw/dr 1. Displacements wewr |, vy =O wawery 2. StraM. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes t= frostAdvanced Mechanics of Matra: Pates Internal Moments, ) Internal Shear Forces my = 0 4-20 %Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Pates 6, Stress Formulas 1 1. andMt Vable Advanced Mechanics of Matra: Paes Axisymmetric plate solution viv = p,0) afta altel: fafa) ] SHON +C, where 10) = frre 2 Ken re (Si -Z) +c rey where 1) = frig D. MY nyeciinrse, whew — (0) ~ (Par Ca, haat Deir) = 19+ Ler P +E HC glnr+Cy here 1 1's are the loading integrals. J Uniform Load p,(r) ~ p, 2 4 ‘ af = fetyar =P pyr = Bar = Po = fete = FE try = par = 1) = pofrar Solid Plate * One boundary only. + Displacement » and slope sw/é must be bounded at =o Cy=0 ad C= 0M. Vale Advanced Meche of Materials; Paes Annular plates Non-dimensional equations in annular plates ‘+ The algebra for evaluating the constants in annular plates with distrib- uted Toads can be tedious because of the logarithmic funetion (Jn(r)) ‘+ Simplification in the algebra can be achieved by non-dimensionalizing the variables. eee hoe ee PAP PPV At AyP elas Asn P+ Ay Roa (Gar -D) 4B ay Adt+) i WIA 0+ yin 40-9212 - 20) ss wy Feo = BPM w+ vi =A, +y)/2-Ad vy Ay {C+ vn — (1 —v9/2} a= aye where,4), 4, 4s,and 4, are constants to be determine from boundary conditions. * On inner boundary * = 1 and n(7) = 0, simplifying algebra 26M. Vibe Advanced Mechanics of Materials: Paes 5.4 Amedge view of an annular plate that is attached to a rigid shaft, clamped at the outer edge and pulled with a force P as shown, Determine the maximum deflection w and maximum bending moments m,, and yy in terms of D, P, and R,, Use v = 1/3 and R= 2 Ce n