Experiment No.

2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER

(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

Experiment No. 2

EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER

(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

AIM
To calibrate Venurimeter, orificemeter, rotameter and watermeter.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Venurimeter, orificemeter, rotameter, watermeter, manometer, pump, flow
control valve, water tank, stop clock.

VENTURIMETER:
Venurimeter is the most widely used device to measure the discharge through the
pipe. A venturi is a converging-Diverging nozzle of circular cross-section.

The principle of Venurimeter is that when a fluid flows through the Venurimeter, it
accelerates in the convergent section and decelerates in the divergent section, resulting in a
drop in the static pressure followed by a pressure recovery in the flow direction. By
measuring the difference in the pressures at an axial station upstream of the convergent
section and at the throat, the volumetric flow rate can be estimated.

ORIFICEMETER

Orifice meter is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid flowing
through a pipe. It is a cheaper device as compared to Venurimeter. This also work on the
same principle as that of Venurimeter. It consists of flat circular plate which has a circular
hole, in concentric with the pipe. This is called Orifice. The diameter of orifice is generally

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

0.5 times the diameter of the pipe (D), although it may vary from 0.4 to 0.8 times the pipe
diameter.

ROTAMETER:

A rotameter is a device that measures the volumetric flow rate of fluid in a closed
tube. It belongs to a class of meters called variable area meters, which measure flow rate by
allowing the cross-sectional area the fluid travels through to vary, causing a measurable
effect.

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

WATERMETER:

Water metering is the process of measuring water use. In many developed countries
water meters are used to measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial
buildings that are supplied with water by a public water supply system. Water meters can also
be used at the water source, well, or throughout a water system to determine flow through a
particular portion of the system. In most of the world water meters measure flow in cubic
metres (m3) or litres

PROCEDURE:

● Select the required flow meter

● Open its cock and close the other cock so that only pressure for the
meter in use is communicated to the manometer
● Switch on the pump and allow the water to flow through the flow
meter to be tested
● Open the flow control valve (at the pump outlet) and allow a certain
flow rate
● Vent the manometer if required
● Observe the readings in the manometer
● For the rotameter the flow rate is indicated directly on the scale
● For watermeter, measure the time taken for certain quantity of water
flow , 5 or 10 litres and calculate the flow rate
● Collect the water in the collecting tank. Close the drain valve, find the
time taken for 10 cm rise in the tank

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

CALIBIRATION OF ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER:

Calculations:

Actual discharge Qa = (AR/t) Cu.m/sec

Area of collecting tank A = 0.4*0.4 sq.m

Qa = (0.016/t)*60000 lpm

Observed flow rate Qo = q lpm

Theoretical discharge for venturimeter and orificemeter

Difference in manometer level = hm of Hg

The equivalent pressure drop = h(13.6-1) m of water

dH = 12.6 hm of water

Flowmeter equation Q = K(dH)0.5 m3/sec

Where K = flowmeter constant

Note: flowmeter inlet dia D = 25mm

Throat dia ratio B = 0.6

Theoretical discharge Qt = A*B2((2*9.81*dH)/(1-B4))0.5

Where , A – inlet area = 3.14*D2/4

Qa – flow rate = Cd Qt

Cd – flowmeter discharge coefficient

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

Qt – (0.000839 dH0.5) for 25 mm pipelines

Indicated discharge for rotameter:

Observed flow rate = q lpm

Q = q/60000 Cu .m/sec

Flow rate for watermeter:

Time for q litres of water = 1 sec

Q = q/(t*1000) Cu.m/sec

Actual discharge:

Area of the collecting tank A = 0.4*0.4 sqm

Rise of level R = 0.01 m (say)

Volume collected = AR Cu.m

Time taken = t secs

Discharge Q = (AR/t) Cu.m/sec

= Cd . Qt

Where , Cd is the discharge constant

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

Hence , Cd = Qa/Qt

Calibiration of venturimeter and orificemeter:

Area of the collecting tank A = 0.4*0.4 sq.m

Calculations:

Pressure drop dH = 0.126(h1-h2) m of water

Actual discharge Qa = AR/t Cu.m/sec

= 0.016/t Cu.m/sec

Theoretical discharge Qt = K (dH)0.5 Cu.m/sec

For 25 mm Venurimeter/Orificemeter K= 0.000839

Coefficient of discharge Cd = Qa/Qt

TABULATION:

Table 1.1 the values of manometer, actual flow rate, theoretical flow rate and coefficient of discharge

Experiment Manometer Pressure Time for Actual Theoretica Coefficient

reading drop dH 10 cm flow rate l flow rate of
m of rise in t Qa Qt discharge
water sec Cu.m/sec Cu.m/sec Cd = Qa/Qt
h1 cm h2 cm
of Hg of hg

Venturimeter

Orificemeter

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

Table 1.2 the values of indicated discharge of watermeter, rotameter and actual discharge

S.No. Indicated Indicated Time for 10 cm Actual

discharge for discharge for rise t seconds discharge Qa in
watermeter Qo rotameter Qo in (watermeter) lpm
in lpm lpm

1
2
3
4

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

Qa = 0.016/t Cu.m/sec

Qa = 0.016/___ = ___ Cu.m/sec

Qa = 0.016/___= _____ Cu.m/sec

Qa = 0.016/___= ___ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 Cu.m/sec K=0.000839

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

Qt = K(dH)0.5 = _____ Cu.m/sec

ACTUAL DISCHARGE:

Qa = (0.016/t)*60000 lpm

Qa = (0.016/_____)*60000 = _____ lpm

Qa = (0.016/_____)*60000 = _____ lpm

Qa = (0.016/_____)*60000 = _____ lpm

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 Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)

Qa = (0.016/_____)*60000 = _____ lpm

COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE:

Cd = Qa/Qt

Cd = _____/_____ = _____ (venturimeter)

Cd = _____/_____ = _____ (orificemeter)

RESULT:
The calibration of rotameter, watermeter and calibration of Venurimeter and
orificemeter are successfully done.

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Experiment No. 2 - EXPERIMENT ON CALIBIRATION OF FLOW METER
(VENTURIMETER, ORIFICEMETER, ROTAMETER AND WATERMETER)