ASSIGNMENT

E-MARKETING

TOPIC:
History of Internet

Submitted by:

Adeel raza naveed

Roll No.

2018-MBA-317
Submitted to:

Dr. Waheed Asghar

1957-ARPA/DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development
agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging
technologies. Originally known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the agency
was created in February 7, 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to the Soviet
launching of Sputnik 1 in 1957. By collaborating with academic, industry, and government
partners, DARPA formulates and executes research and development projects to expand the
frontiers of technology and science, often beyond immediate U.S. military requirements.
1962-ARPANET
The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-
switching network with distributed control and one of the first networks to implement the
TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The
ARPANET was established by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United
States Department of Defense.
1969-UCLA&STANFORD
In the late 1960s an experimental network of four computers called ARPANET (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network) was commissioned by the U.S. government. The computers
were located at UCLA, SRI International (then known as Stanford Research Institute), UC Santa
Barbara, and the University of Utah. ARPANET evolved into the network of computer networks
we know as the Internet. On October 29, 1969, the first message was sent between two
ARPANET computers. They tried to type in “LOGIN,” but the computers crashed after the first
two letters.
1970-ALOHANET
ALOHA net, also known as the ALOHA System, or simply ALOHA, was a pioneering computer
networking system developed at the University of Hawaii. ALOHA net became operational in
June, 1971, providing the first public demonstration of a wireless packet data network. ALOHA
originally stood for Additive Links On-line Hawaii Area. The ALOHA net used a new method of
medium access (ALOHA random access) and experimental ultra high frequency (UHF) for its
operation, since frequency assignments for communications to and from a computer were not
available for commercial applications in the 1970s.
1971-EMAIL
Email entered limited use in the 1960s, but users could only send to users of the same computer,
and some early email systems required the author and the recipient to both be online
simultaneously, similar to instant messaging. Ray Tomlinson is credited as the inventor of email;
in 1971, he developed the first system able to send mail between users on different hosts across
the ARPANET, using the @ sign to link the user name with a destination server. By the mid-
1970s, this was the form recognized as email. Email operates across computer networks,
primarily the Internet.
1980-HOSTS CREATED
He Australian Computer Science Network began in 1980 when the first version of the Sydney
UNIX Network software was developed by Pierre Dick-Lauder and the author at the University
of Sydney. At that time, the network consisted of a small number of machines on the University
of Sydney a University of New South Wales campuses. This work is described in Kummerfeld
and Dick-Lauder. By mid-1983 the network had grown to cover many machines at Sydney and
UNSW and a small number of machines on other University sites. The software then underwent
a major redesign and rewrite with the current version (SUN III) being distributed in 1984. The
network grew rapidly until it now includes machines in all states of Australia. Initially network
hosts were found in University Computer Science Departments, hence the name of the network.
However, this has now changed and a large number of network hosts belong to other university
departments, government research group and industry.
1991-HTML
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript, it forms a triad of
cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web.
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the
documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page
semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document.