GRAMMAR Past Simple i } | Wo use the Pst Spl to tak abou tings which stad and finished in the past: * single events The judge started her job in 1998. * regular events ‘She worked in the court every day for ten years. | * past states / didn’t understand the problem. * telling stories | Twent to the park and | saw a crowd of people. j | j | ‘With the Past Simple we use time expressions lke ‘yesterday, yesterday morning/atternoon/evening, lastnight’ ‘year/week/Saturday, when I was fve/ten, ten years ago, in Septermber/2011: Where were you yesterday? ‘She spoke tothe police a week ago. Past Continuous | We use the Past Continuous * to desorie things which were in progress ator around. ‘a fixed time in the past: At 10 a.m. yesterday I was walking to the station. | > fot Soger ates treed by hat oes in | past: Fw foging nthe park when aw a crow of eno * for temporary situations in the past | _ We were staying vith our cousins. | + to set the scene in a story or give background information: | was walking along the road one evening ... 1 Choose the correct alternatives. 1 1___with friends when someone stole their car. a had stayed b stayed © was staying 2 The police asked me where I___ the night before. a was sleeping b had slept ¢ slept 3. When her brother was in prison, she __him every month, a had visited b visited © was visiting 4 They ___ in New York at the time. a had lived b were living © had been living 24 Affirmative/ | Past Participle negative | Woutie/Snent | had (4) Werthey rad nat adn Pune them, Yes/No and Wh- questions Had he seen the accident? Ys, he had. Had you talked 1o him before the accident? No, hadn't. Why had they lied tothe police? \We use the Past Perfect to talk about what happened before ‘another event in the past. Its used with the Past Simple or Continuous. The roads were dangercus because it had snowed in the night. (tt snowed, then the roads became dangerous.) Everyone was driving slowly because they had seen the accident. (They saw the accident and drove more carefully afterwards.) - Mind the trap! * When we got to the court, the judge sentenced ‘the criminals. (We arrived at the court, then the judge sentenced the criminals.) * When we got to the court the judge had sentenced the criminals. (=We arrived at the court after the judge had Sentenced the criminals.) 5 ___you___the suspect before you saw her in court? a Did b Were ... meeting © Had ... met 6 ___ the police __ the men who stole the money yesterday? a Were ... arresting b Did ... arrest ¢ Had... arrested Thad an accident because 1__ a wasnt looking b hadn't looked © didn't look 8 The jury __ a decision so the judge sent then hoffe a didnt make b weren't making © hadn't made meet ‘ab the road,2 Answer the questions with short answers, Were you waiting for a bufs when you saw them? Yes, | was. Nea eae ter 2 Did the thieves take your bike? No, NOEs 4 Did the boys have to go to court? Yes, Coote 5 Had yout so the dnver Before? pee 6 Were there lots of people running in the street? Yes, Complete the article with the Past Simple or Continuous forms of the verbs in brackets. », ly Five Year Fight to Free McGowan | by James Blake, _ journalist | was working (work) as a court reporter when | became interested in the McGowan case. At the time, | (write) for the focal newspaper Most of the court cases were boring and|?____ (not enjoy) my job very much In fact 1 (think) about leaving journalism to become a teacher, Anyway, on this particular day, | (listen) to the police evidence in the McGowan ‘rial, and I suddenly ® {think "Youre lying. The policeman © (Fe2d) from notes but he 7 (not have) the body language of an honest person. At the end of the trial | (be) amazed when the jury . (find) Mr McGowan guity wanted to shout, 3 you (listen)? but | couldn't instead. | spent every spare minute for the next five years working to get Mr McGowan out of prison, 1 Had you eaten anything before the accident? 3 Was my dad complaining about the noise? Outside the law? (No Complete the report with the Past Simple or Continuous forms of verbs from the box. argue be (x2) climb go out have notclose play receive relax Last weekend the weather ! very hot and while most people * the police a very busy. People # their windows when they ® so thieves just ° inand helped themselves. At parties, people z. their windows open while they *__ Joud music so there were a lot of complaints from neighbours. Also, when it's hot, people have more arguments. The police * more than twenty phone calls to homes where families " Join the sentences with the words in brackets. Use the correct verb forms as necessary. The prisoners ate breakfast. They went to the exercise area. (after) After they had eaten breakiast they went to the exercise area. 1 The bell rang. They woke up. (when) When 2 They committed serious crimes. They were in prison. (because) They 3 They appeared in court. They were sent to prison. (before) They 4 The police arrested her. The shoplifter confessed. (as soon as) ‘The shoplifter __ 5 She didn't tell the children. Their father went to prison. (that) She 6 The judge didn’t sentence the teenager. She listened to the evidence. (until) The judge Find the errors with tenses in the text. There are six errors. I walked home one evening from a party when it happened. When I had left the party the weather was being fine but now the rain came down hard and I still had a few kilometres to go. I was seeing a car parked on the other side of the street with its lights on and its engine running, just as if it waited for me, so Iwas getting in and drove off ... Then I saw the policeman who was sitting in the back seat 57 Complete the newspaper article with the Past Simple, Continuous or Perfect forms of the verbs in brackets. a Le Deu eae a fore a Bee ea) of the victims and witnesses. Leo Parker, security guard Mr Parker was_golng (g0) towards the main bulling ‘when the explosion happened. ‘I | {be} very lucky (park) my oar two minutes before and * (walk) to the office. ‘Suddenly there was @ great flash of ight and then the loudest bang | have ever heard. | (fall cover) but | © {not be) hurt badly.” Helena Aldridge, computer systems manager “© 2 __ (world) at my desk and the next second I was on the floor. My boyfriend ” (eave) the office five minutes before and I was very worried about him. At that moment my mobile = (ing) and | voice saying". you ‘That was a stupid question!” es a (fy) into London from Canada and about a minute before the captain ® (tet) us to put on our seat belts ready for landing. At the moment he said this | ™_ (look) out of the ‘window because | (want) to see London under us. There was suddenly a big orange light north of London = it was enormous.’ (hear) his hear) that?* Ciara Kent, local re Clara Kent!§ collect her fiancé, Greg. ‘1 2.55 p.m. and Greg was ready so he ™. (get in) and |*__(¢rive) away. As we " (Give) away from the building, we (see) this huge white light but we (not hear) the noise until a second (rive) to the offices to (arrive) at Crime doesn't pay goes the saying and it certainly did not pay for these individuals. Read on as we present the five most brainless crimes you are ever likely to come across. ‘An optimistic bank robber in Alaska had planned. his robbery carefully. He selected the bank, prepared hils gun and entered. Cleverly pretenditig, to be a customer so as to not create a panic which might alert the police, he went up to the clerk and told her he wanted to open an account. The clerk asked for some identification ... which he gave her before taking out his gun and asking for money. Unsurprisingly, the police were able to find and arrest the robber very quickly. eo ‘An even less thoughtful bank robber was caught in 2009. This robber actually succeeded in his robbery, taking nearly $4000 dollars from a bank in South Carolina, Unfortunately, he was rather too pleased with himself, because one of the first things he did when he got home was to post a message on MySpace about his success. Once again, the police did not need a second invitation. mo Clearly, sometimes robbing a bank can be a litle difficult but surely robbing a cash machine should be easier... Not, however, for two robbers from Kentucky. The plan was simple: they would attach a large chain to the front of a cash machine and then fasten it to the bumper of their pickup. Once the cash machine was open, they would collect the money and escape. Unfortunately, the cash machine was a little stronger than they expected: instead of pulling the front of the cash machine off they lost their bumper. Panicking, they drove away, leaving the bumper behind ... with their car registration still attached.Outside the law? READING Read the article quickly and choose the best headline, A The best plans ... when bank robbers get it wrong B Online and in trouble: how the Internet catches criminals out, G Criminally stupid: true stories of the world's most idiotic criminals. 2 Read the article again and match headings A-F with paragraphs 1-5. There is one heading you don't need. Then listen to check. ‘A No Oscar for this director B Not everything on TV is just acting. © Fame at last! D Everything you need E I think you forgot this F Name, address 3 Choose the best alternatives. 1 The clerk in the bank a a knew the man was a robber. Everybody knows the police have little % b thought something was wrong. tolerance for grafitti, which makes the decision © treated the man like any other customer. of one graffiti ‘artist’ to put films of his work d panicked. up on the Internet rather hard to understand. 2 The robber from Virginia posted his message The man's signature of Buket’ was well known aa hefare the wopRery In the Los Angeles area and coun b because he wanted to play games with the buses, bridges and many other places. One day, Buket’ uploaded videos of himself onto the Internet painting graffiti in a number of police. © to trick the police. places, Unfortunate EnIneepnew eat d because he thought he was very clever. police use the Internet as well and wasted no 3. The men from Kentucky time in arresting him. a had problems robbing a bank. b wanted to steal the cash machine. (SL) To finish, here is perhaps the best © needed a stronger chain ‘example of how not to perform a crime, Rule. d were easy to find for the police, number one of being a successful criminal 4 Buket is surely choose your target carefully: Two was a famous name in his city. muggers in Dallas, Texas in 1994 did not do this when they chose as their victim the Disearies ingen famous actor Chuck Nortis, The hopeful © wanted to be an actor muggers stopped the actor in a backstreet ¢ always uploaded videos of himself and demanded his wallet. The two attackers 5: The ain aera had knives but, unfortunately for them, Mr a didn’t realise who their vietim was. Nortis was one of the most famous martial bb didn't care who their victim was. artis inthe Wet Mie a © asked the policeman who Chuck Norris was. different disciplines nel higher ea d thought Chuck Norris was just an actor. ‘and Tae Kwon Do. The police arrived some four minutes after the attempted mugging to find the two attackers siting in the street with broken arms and sorry expressions on their faces. ‘Did you not know who he was?! ‘one of the policemen asked. 'We knew and we ‘wanted him because he was ich came the reply, ‘but we thought all that stuff on TV was fake!GRAMMAR used to and would ‘We use used to + infinitive to talk about habits and states in ‘the past which are now finished or no longer true: | used to read children’s comics. (Now, | read newspapers.) Leo used to hate spinach. (Now, he likes it.) What games did you use to play? (when you were a child) Mind the trap! Don't confuse used to (for habits/states in the past) with the regular verb to use. used to have a Star Wars rucksack for my books. used my old Star Wars rucksack for my books today. | We use would+ infinitive in the same way as used to, + to talk about habits inthe past: would get up every ‘morning and go for a run. (t wes my habit inthe past) + to avoid repeating used to when desoribing past habits We used to put everything in the car the night before our holiday. We tsed-to would leave before the sun was up and we wsedto'd stop for breakfast on the way. Mind the trap! Always use used to not would for states in the past and for questions about past habits and states: used to have two best friends at school. NOT Fwvoule-have two-best friends Did you use to listen in lessons? Match the two parts ofthe sentences. When I was seven My older brother used to make Tused to think would look Every night, I would make Some nights, my parents would sit My parents used to hope I would grow out of my fear. my parents go upstairs with me with me until I fell asleep. under the bed for monsters before I got into it, horrible noises outside my bedroom. monsters lived under my bed. 28 2 Complete the text with phrases from the box. Giant use to think used to drive would forget sed-te-get would visit would become would feel wouldn't speak wouldn't do In this picture I'm scoring the winning goal of the match. it was a fantastic. moment. Before any big game, used to get very nervous so |had ‘a routine to help me relax. For about aweek before, | anything except train and think about the match - |. my wife mad! On the day before the match, 1°. about anything but the game and | ‘ very quiet. I the stadium on my own ~| think it helped me to see the space and imagine the came. Then, when we were waiting in the dressing room before the matcn, I to the other players but | would know what to expect 5017 abit more confident, Of course, the minute Iran onto the pitch, 11__allabout my nerves, This reminds me of the day when a im a a3 Read the paragraph and change the underlined verbs with used to or would. Use would wherever possible. used to live When I was a child, we lived in the city but my grandparents "ved in the country and ‘we vent to their house for Christmas. Bach year, my mother “did all the work. She ‘bought and "wrapped all the presents, she “packed suiteases for the whole family and then she ‘put everything in the car on Christmas Eve, My dad ‘worked as a policeman and he "came home at Junchtime and he “asked lots of questions like “Have you bought all the presents? Have you packed the car properly?” He "thought he was being helpful! Then my mum “got angry and they “argued for the whole journey. I “believed that Christmas Eve was a special day for arguing, Outside the law? SPEAKING 1 ‘Complete the phrases. Then listen to check. Inmy opinion 1 As far as I'm c. wes 2 Everybody k that __ 3 Ityoua me 4 Ifyout, about it, 5 6 7 8 Its tome Is only n that . Thelieve The r why 9 The t. is 10 Tobe h. as, 2 Write GO for phrases which give an opinion and JO {for phrases that justify an opinion next to phrases in Exercise 1. P. In my opinion oO ‘3 Ghoose the correct phrases to complete the conversation. = Mrs Collins / Everybody knows that [don't like going into town in the evenings. ‘I mean / In. my opinion, there are always big groups of teenagers on the streets and they frighten me. "The reason why /It seems tome that they have nowhere to go. "To be honest, /If you think about it, there isn'ta sports centre or a youth elub and the cinema closed two years ago. Mrs Collins “Frankly, /I mean, | think its the parents’ fault. ‘The thing is, / Look at parents nowadays dont. care — they let their children do what they want. ‘Look at us /verybody kmovws that, we didn't spend all our time on the street, vandalising things and breaking the law. "Mb be honest, / The reason why spent a lot of time with my friends! "Frankly, /It’s only natural that young people want to be together, the problem is what they do when they are together. Mrs Elis Mrs ElisWORD LIST Crime and punishment the accused (0) aocused of antisocial behaviour arrest (v) attack (y) blackmaller break into break out (of prison) butlying burglar ‘atch (v) ‘come fo 2 decision ‘commit crime ‘community service ‘courtroom, crime criminal () damage (v) crink-driving drop iter cffective/inetfective electronic tagging feiruntair fine (n,v) gang getaway get out of (prison) {goto court graft guilty ‘un handouts harm (y) house arrest iegal ‘all Judge (n) uy law lawyer ‘mugger noise nuisance offence offender piracy Police Force police officer prison (orisonjai) sentence punishment racial abuse rehabilitation programme release right 7) rob (¥) robber robbery run away security guard shoplifter siren speeding statement steal swear terorise theft thiet ‘rial Under arrest uniform vandalise vandalism victim witess Other abandon alarm call amount bank manager bus shelter care () choice (n) clown consequence crash (y) deserve desperate distract donkey/jackass driving licence earn/make (money/a fortune) expect experience (v) failure fed up with greedy handbag help yourself (to st) hide human nature humiliating Immoral insult v) laugh at lucky park (v) purse resident responsible for revolving door run after sb school orossing guard set up share (¥) shout (V) ssign (A) ‘swear take away ‘ake up (a sportshobby) train (¥) van VOCABULARY 1 Complete the gaps with words from the Word List. Verb Noun (person) accuse accused burgle Judge mug offend rob shoplift steal witness 2 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 1. ‘The accused was a little, old lady. She didn't look like a violent criminal. 1 The police caught him thanks to two who were looking out of their windows when he stole the car. 2 The sentenced him to ten years in prison. 3 The ___caught the old lady in a dark. street and took her bag, 4 The building was attacked by _ during the night and all the windows were smashed, 5 There was money missing from the cinema every month, It was clear that one of the workers was a 3 Complete the sentences with compound nouns from ‘the Word List. Alot of immigrants complain to the police about racial abuse 1 The judge sent the young criminal on a instead of prison 2 The police always know where someone is with 3 Ifa criminal is sentenced to . they have to do something like gardening or street cleaning, 4 Ifyour neighbours have parties every night you can report them to the police for 5. He lost his licence for and now he has to take the bus everywhere. 6 The saw the children trying to steal some ODs so he took them to the manager. 7 The opposition leader was put under by the undemocratic government. 8 The muggers attacked him while he was waiting at the ___for his bus home.4 Tick the correct column for each word. Crimes and the law ‘accused. blackmailer burglar fine graffiti artist piracy robber robbery sentence vandalism, 5 Label the people in the picture. 6 Complete the article with the correct forms of the ‘words in brackets. lay Judge Justice) Williams sentenced five girls for!____ (bully) a classmate. After she had ‘stened to ® (tate) from the victim and her amily the judge said the gins) behaviour ad been (responsible) and that their + ‘spunish) must fit the crime, She * (Gne) the ‘Sirs and said that she hoped they would learn from their ‘experience. The judge described the * (guilt) irs as, (Qucky that she was in a good mood ‘and said that if she ever saw the young * offend) in her court again she would not be so patient. en ee Outside the law? Extend your vocabulary ‘Study the phrases and choose from them to label the pictures. cvime rete te amount of erie tat happens | someere \ crime scene ~ the place where the crime happened Juvenile/youth crime = crimes commited by | ‘children and tecnagors petty orime = crim that it vory srious Serious crime = crimes involving, foresample, suns or large sums of money } street erime = rims committed inthe street, for example, moana ( turn to orime = start committing erimes \ Molen rie rine ihe psn | 2 Choose the correct alternatives. ‘with crime if they are bored and have nothing to do in their spare time, They usually start with "petty /violent erime like shoplifting or street crime like painting graffiti on buildings. However, if they are not stopped, they car become involved in ‘serious / youth eritne like burglary and mugging. As part of the police and local community's erime *rate / prevention campaign, we opened a youth club a year ago. This means that young people now have a place to meet, which offers a genuine alternative to ‘committing / doing crime. The police Published the annual crime figures this week and they show that the rime ‘scene /rate has fallen by 20 percent. 31