MthsEM_ HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) EXPERIMENT NO.9 STUDY OF HYDROSTATIC COMPONENT SYSTEM — 9.1 Title 9.2 Introduction A) Hydraulic Crane B) Hydraulic Coupling C) Hydraulic Torque Converter D) Air Lift Pump 9.3 Conclusion 9.1 Title: - Study of Hydrostatic Components Systems 9.2 Introduction: - A) Hydraulic Crane:- Hydraulic crane is a device, used for raising or transferring heaving loads. It is widely used in work-shops, warehouses and dock sidings. A hydraulic crane consists of a mast, tie, jib, guide pulley and a jigger. The jib and tie are attached to the mast. The jib can be raised or lowered in order to decrease or increase the radius of action of the crane. The mast along with the jib can revolve about a vertical axis and thus the load attached to the rope can be transferred to any place within the area of the crane's action. The jigger, which consists of a movable ram sliding in a fixed cylinder, is used for lifting or lowering the heavy loads. One end of the ram is in contact with water and the other end is connected to set of movable pulley block. Another pulley block, called the fixed pulley block is attached to the fixed cylinder. The pulley block, attached to the ram, moves up and down while the pulley block, attached to the fixed cylinder, and is not having any movement. A wire rope, one end of which is fixed to a movable pulley (which is attached to the sliding ram) is taken round all the pulleys of the two sets of the pulleys and finally passes over the guide pulley, attached to the jib as shown in Fig. .1The other end of the rope is provided with a hook, for suspending the load, Department of Mechanical Engineering GCokA 49Vth SEM HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) aan For lifting the load by the crane, the water under high pressure is admitted into the cylinder of the jigger. This water forces the sliding ram to move vertically up. Due to the movement of the ram in the vertically up direction, the movable pulley block attached to the ram also moves upward. This increases the distance between two pulley blocks and hence the wire passing over the guide pulley is pulled by the jigger. This raises the load attached to the hook. - Hydraulic Crane B) Hydraulic Coupling:- The hydraulic coupling is a device used for transmitting power from driving shaft to driven shaft with the help of fluid (generally oil). There is no mechanical connection between the two shafts. It consists of a radial pump impeller mounted on a driving shaft A and a radial flow reaction turbine mounted on the driven shaft B. Both the impeller and runner are identical in shape and they together form a casing which is completely enclosed and filled with oil. —————— Department of Mechanical Engineering — GCoEA orVth SEM ——_—__ HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUSIO) 1 in the beginning, both the shafts A and B are at rest. When the driving shaft A i ; is rotated, the oil starts moving from the inner radius to the outer sure energy and radi dius of the pump impeller as shown in Fig 2. The pr kinetic energy of the oil increases at the outer radius of the pumP impeller. action turbine at the This oil energy enters the runner oil of increased energy enters the runner of the re nner radius of outer radius of the turbine runner and flows inwardly to the I the turbine runner. The oil, while flowing through the runner, (" nd makes the runner to rotate , thus having @ ansfers its The oil, energy to the blades of the runner ai from the runner then flows back into the pump impelle continuous circulation. Sameer | | Fig 2:- Hydraulic Coupling ()Hydraulic Torque Converte) TI i i he hydraulic torque converted is a device used for transmitting increased torque at the driven shaft, The torque transmitted at the driven shaft may be more or less than the torque available at the driving shaft. The y it a he di haft. Thi= = ee SS ae Vth SEM HYDRAULIC MACHIN 5 LAB (MEUS10), out five times the (ord ut 90%. product of tora torque at the driven shaft may be increased ab shaft with an efficiency of abo ue and available at the drivin The power at any shi speed of the shaft. Hence if th ‘aft is proportional to the eased, shaft is to be incr eed at the same shaft should be decr lecreased by decreas he turbine runne Due to the decrea: e torque at the driven $I the corresponding value of the sP\ eased The speed of the driven shaft is de ing the velocity of oil, pump impeller to rand se in ch is allowed to flow from the as shown in Fig 3. whict then through stationary guide vanes he driven shaft, the torque increases speed at tl ‘riven are simplified rotor rotor lock-up torque converter fluid pressure applies clutch clutches agcoauto.com Fig 3:- Hydraulic Torque Converter D) Air Lift Pump:- ater from a well ix with the The air lift pump is a device which is used for lifting w or sump by usi i p by using compressed air. The compressed air is made to mi: water. The densi density of the mixture of air and water is reduced. The density of —_————- ———ein SEM HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) Ree n this mixture is much less than that of pure water. Hence a very small colum i is is the of pure water can balance a very long column of air water mixture. Thi principle on which the air lift pump works. submergence Fig 4:- Air Lift Pump 9.3 Conclusion: - Department of Mechanical EngHYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS1O). EXPERIMENT NO. 10 STUDY OF HYDROSTATIC SYSTEMS i 10.1 Title 10.2 Introduction A) Hydraulic Accumulator B) Hydraulic Press C) Hydraulic Intensifier D) Hydraulic Ram E) Hydraulic Lift 10.3 Conclusion ee eee 10.1 Tith Systems. Study of Hydrostat 10.2 Introduction: - E) Hydraulic Cranes} Accumelals * A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which a non- compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an external source. ‘The external source can be a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope with extremes of demand using a less powerful pump, to respond more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations. It is a type of energy storage device For example in case of hydraulic lift or crane, a large amount of energy is required when lift or crane is moving upward. This energy is supplied from hydraulic accumulator. But when the lift is moving in the downward direction no large external energy is required and at this time, the energy from the pump is stored in accumulator, Accumulators can take a specific amount of fluid under pressure and store it. The fluid is then released when it’s required to perform a specific task in the hydraulic system. Functions of an Accumulator are given below: + Energy storage + Compensation of leakage oil SS) Department of Mechanical Engineering GCoEA 54| joe a aw i i Ee Vth SEM HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) SE aia * Compensation of temperature fluctuations + Emergency operation % Cushioning of pressure shocks which may occur at sudden switching of the valves “ Dampening vibrations * Swell compensator (in marine hydraulics) Adding an accumulator to a hydraulic system offers a number of advantages. In addition, it results in substantial energy savings and an increased system lifespan. Applications that require a lot of power for limited periods of time can benefit most from the use of accumulators. * Possibility of smaller pumps * Lower installed power * Less heat produced * Simple maintenance and installation * Increased service lifetime + Immediate availability + Unlimited storage life FIXED VERTICAL CYLINDER Fig 1: Hydraulic Accumulator Department of Mechanical Engineering GCoEA 55- PUR ULUREUE CLE TE HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) Vth SEM d vertical Figure 1. Shows a hydraulic accumulator which consists of fixe the cylinder containing a sliding ram. The inlet of the cylinder is connected to pump which continuously supplies water under pressure to the cylinder F) Hydraulic Press: Hydraulic press is a tool to produce compressive force by means of fluid It depends upon Pascal's principle that the pressure throughout an enclosed entity is constant. By means of hydraulic system larger forces can be produced in contrast with mechanical and electrical systems. Such forces can be used for the press work application such as blanking, punching, plercing, coining, trimming etc. It consists of two cylinders of different diameters as shown in figure. The cylinders are connected by liquid present in pipe. When small force F acts on plunger in downward direction a pressure is produced which is transmitted equally in all direction and on ram in upward direction. The heavier weight placed on the ram is then lifted up. Ram Fig 2:- Hydraulic Press Department of Mechanical Engineering GCoEA 56Vth SEM HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) G) Hydraulic Intensifier: - The device which is used to increase the intensity of pressure of water by means of hydraulic energy available from a large amount of water at low pressure is called hydraulic intensifier. s connected to the machine (which may be lift position in the beginning. The pump red by the machine (lift or crane) The outlet of the cylinder is or crane). The ram is at the lowermost supplies water under pressure is not requii the water under pressure will be stored in the cylinder. They will raise the ram on which a heavy weight is placed. When the the cylinder is ful gy. When the machine lift or ram is at the uppermost position, Il of water and accumulator has stored the maximum amount of pressure ener} crane requires large amount of energy, the hydraulic accumulator will supply this energy and ram will move in the downward direction. ro ExHAU _— Low, WATER _MIGH PRESSURE WATER — SLIDING eVUINOER Low PRESSURE WATER FROM ‘SuPPLY 4 HIGH PRESSURE WATER TO MACHINE Fig. 3:- Hydraulic Intensifieraoe HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) Let, A-Area of sliding ram L- Stroke or lift of the ram P- Intensity of water pressure A stage comes with the waste valve B suddenly closes. The sudden closure of waste valve creates high pressure force opens the delivery valve C. The water from the chamber enters the air vessel and compresses air exerts the force on the water in the air vessel and small quantity of water is raised to a greater height as shown. W= Weight of water flowing per second. w= Weight of water raised per second. h= height of water in supply tank. He height of water raised from chamber. Energy supplied by supply tank = W xh Energy delivered by ram = weight of water x ht through which water raised =WxH wxH nofram= Wxh W = weight on the ram =PxA Wp = PxAxL Capacity of accumulator = PxAxL AxL - Volume of accumulator. The hydraulic torque converted is a device used for transmitting increased torque at the driven shaft, The torque transmitted at the driven shaft may be more or less than the torque available at the driving shaft. The —_— Department of Mechanical Engineering GCoEA 58Cecerecvrrcsee eeeu % VU Vth SEM HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) torque at the driven shaft may be increased about five times the torque available at the driving shaft with an efficiency of about 90% ‘The power at any shaft is proportional to the product of torque and speed of the shaft. Hence if the torque at the driven shaft is to be increased, the corresponding value of the speed at the same shaft should be decreased ‘The speed of the driven shaft is decreased by decreasing the velocity of oil, which is allowed to flow from the pump impeller to the turbine runner and then through stationary guide vanes as shown in Fig 3. Due to the decrease in speed at the driven shaft, the torque increases. H) Hydraulic Ram:- DELIVERY» PIPE SUPPLY TANK AIR VESSEL WASTE VALVE CHAMBER Fig 4:- Hydraulic Ram Pepartment of Mechanical Engineering GCoEa 59Vth SEM. HYDRAULIC MACHINES LAB (MEUS10) The hydraulic ram is a pump which raises water without any external Power for its operation. When large quantity with the help of hydraulic ram. It works on the principle of water hammer. Figure shows the main component of hydraulic ram. When the inlet valve fitted to supply pipe is opened, water starts flowing from supply tank to chamber which has two valves at B and C. The valve B is called Waste valve and valve C is called delivery valve. The valve C is fitted to an air vessel. As the water is coming into chamber from the supply tank the level of water rises in the chamber and waste valve B starts moving upward. It consists of fixed ram through which water flows at high pressure. A hollow inverted cylinder is mounted over ram. This hollow cylinder is surrounded by another fixed inverted cylinder which contains water at low pressure from the main supply. A large quantity of water at low pressure from supply enter the inverted fixed cylinder. This water presses the sliding generator and it gets compressed and this pressured water is forced out of sliding cylinder through fixed ram to the machine. 1) Hydraulic Lift:- A hydraulic lift is a type of machine that uses a hydraulic apparatus to lift or move objects using the force created when pressure is exerted on liquid ina piston. Force then produces "lift" and "work." One of the physics equations that applies to hydraulic lift technology is "pressure x area = force." This helps determine the pressure exertion required on a liquid in a piston to produce enough force to provide lift and move an object. Cleireasdnt at eiabaakiek iVth SEM HYDRAI MACHINES LAB (MEUS 10) Hydraulic lift technology can be found in hydraulic jacks, forklifts, car lifts, among many other machines. Machines can use it to provide the lift exertion (force) needed to produce work, such as moving another object. Hydraulic lift technology is a critical aspect of engineering, without which many applications would not be possible unless another technology existed to replace it. Automotive, construction, avionics and shipping industries depend heavily upon it, and it has contributed to a large part of the modern world. _/ > FIXED PULLEY BLOCK Fig 5:- Hydraulic Lift 10.3 Conclusion: -