The preface of the first chapter sums up the important keywords and concepts needed in order to

properly grasp the information that will further be presented in the chapter. These terms are
explained briefly and comparisons are made where needed to further expand the knowledge of
the reader.

The first chapter of the book highlights the difference between a valid and invalid argument and
the characteristics and evidence for which an argument is considered to valid. This section also
sums up the grounds for which an argument is consider invalid. This chapter also highlights that
validity is often times not enough and the presence of Sound and Unsound argument is required
for a true conclusion. An explanation for the terms of these arguments are explained in details
Forms and Validity gives a brief introduction to the concept of argument forms and gives a better
understanding of the support the aid of these forms provides to the validity of an argument. This
section also brief the reader about the reasoning pattern as well as an insertion of a Substitution
Instance and the main argument forms. Valid and Formal Invalid argument forms are discussed
and the basis for the classification of these forms are given. The important characteristics of
Conditional Statement are named and a concise explanation is provided for each. The Famous
Valid Forms are reintroduced and summarized and information is provided to apply the use of
these methods to determine the validity of an argument.
The methods for uncovering invalid reasoning are brought out in this section. A break down of
Counterexamples is given and the instances in which argument forms are taken into
consideration and classified as invalid. A short introduction of a Good Counterexample is
provided as well as the use of identifying invalid arguments by using the Counterexample
Method. Techniques to identify the characteristics of Categorical Statements and Arguments is
later discussed in this section. Towards the end of the first chapter the different methods of
identifying a weak and strong argument is explained. A brief comparison between these
arguments to better differentiate between them. Cognent and Uncognent is also introduced in this
chapter also ways to differentiate between them is present. This last section wraps up the first
chapter.
The importance of differentiating between argument and unsupported assertions is highlighted
in the first section of the second chapter. These facts are backed up by a short definition and a
detailed explanation of each. Another contrast is made to distinguish between Arguments and
Nonarguments. Likewise the reasoning behind this contrast is discussed in full details.