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 | BS EN
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ICS 75.140; 91.100.50 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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 BS EN 1427:2000

National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1427:1999. It
supersedes BS 2000-58:1993, which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;

Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to

its secretary.
The Institute of Petroleum publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000, and
all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in
its annual publication ªStandard methods for analysis and testing of
petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 partsº and
individually.
Further information is available from:
The Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR.
Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472.
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 13 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Amd. No. Date Comments
Committee for Materials and
Chemicals, was published under
the authority of the Standards 13371 11 September 2001 Addition of supersession details
Committee and comes into effect Corrigendum No. 1
on 15 July 2000

 Institute of Petroleum and

BSI 11 September 2001

ISBN 0 580 36030 X

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1427
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 1999

ICS 75.140; 91.100.50

English version

Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of softening

point – Ring and Ball method

Bitumes et liants bitumineux – Détermination de la Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel – Bestimmung des
température de ramollissement – Méthode Bille et Anneau Erweichungspunktes – Ring- und Kugel-Verfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 1999.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1427:1999 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 Page 2
EN 1427:1999

Foreword

This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19,
Petroleum products, lubricants and related products, the Secretariat of which is held by NNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2000, and conflicting
national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2000.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations

of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.

Annex A is normative.
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 3
EN 1427:1999

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of
bitumen and bituminous binders, in the range 30 °C to 150 °C.
NOTE: The method described is also applicable to bituminous binders which have been recovered from
bituminous mixes, e.g. by extraction.

WARNING The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and
the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or
revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when
incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.

EN 58, Sampling bituminous binders.

Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Preparation of test samples.

prEN 12597:1996, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Terminology.

EN 22592, Petroleum products – Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open
cup method (ISO 2592:1973).

EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods
(ISO 3696:1987).

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the definitions given in prEN 12597:1996 and
the following apply.

3.1
softening point
temperature at which material under standardized test conditions attains a specific
consistency

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 4
EN 1427:1999

4 Principle

Two horizontal discs of bituminous binder, cast in shouldered brass rings, are heated at a
controlled rate in a liquid bath while each supports a steel ball. The softening point is
reported as the mean of the temperatures at which the two discs soften enough to allow
each ball, enveloped in bituminous binder, to fall a distance of 25,0 mm ± 0,4 mm.

5 Reagents and materials

5.1 General

Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and water conforming to grade 3 of
EN ISO 3696 unless otherwise specified.

5.2 Bath liquid

5.2.1 Freshly boiled distilled water, or deionized water.

NOTE: The use of freshly boiled distilled water or deionized water is essential to avoid trapping air bubbles on
the surface of the test sample which affects the results.

5.2.2 Glycerol, density 1 250 kg/m3 ± 10 kg/m3 at 20 °C, 99 % (m/m) purity.

Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

WARNING Glycerol has a flash point of 160 °C, measured in accordance with
EN 22592.

5.3 Release agent, mixture of glycerol and dextrin or mineral talc, or other commercially
available release agent

NOTE: To prevent adhesion of bituminous binder to the pouring plate when casting discs, the surface of the
metal pouring plate should be thinly coated just before use with the release agent. Applying the release agent
coating is easier when the plate is warmed to approximately 40 °C.

6 Apparatus

6.1 Ring and ball apparatus, either manual, semi-automatic or automatic, comprising the
elements given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.9.

6.1.1 Rings, two, square-shouldered, in brass and conforming to the dimensions shown in
Figure 1.

6.1.2 Pouring plate, flat, smooth, metal, approximately 50 mm ´ 75 mm and

1,5 mm to 2,0 mm thick with edges turned down (see Figure 2).

6.1.3 Balls, two, 9,50 mm ± 0,05 mm in diameter, each having a mass of 3,50 g ± 0,05 g.

6.1.4 Ball-centring guides, brass, two for centring the steel balls, one for each ring.

NOTE: As an example, Figure 3 shows an apparatus of which general shape and dimensions have been found
suitable.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 5
EN 1427:1999

6.1.5 Ring holder and assembly, brass holder (A) to support the two rings in a horizontal
position, conforming to the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 4, supported in the
assembly shown in Figure 5. The bottom of the shouldered rings in the ring holder shall be
25,0 mm ± 0,4 mm above the upper surface of the bottom plate (B) (see Figure 6); the
upper edge of the rings shall be 50 mm ± 3 mm below the surface of the bath liquid.

NOTE: In a laboratory where many samples are tested, it may be found advantageous to use a circular ring
holder carrying up to six test sample rings. The distance of the rings from the centre is not necessarily the same
as in the standard two ring holder, but extended tests with such an instrument have shown that it gives results in
sufficient practical agreement with those using the standard two ring instrument to warrant its use but for routine
operations only.

6.1.6 Bath, glass beaker capable of being heated, not less than 85 mm inside diameter and
not less than 120 mm depth from the bottom of the beaker as shown in Figure 5.

NOTE: A squat form 600 ml beaker is suitable.

6.1.7 Thermometers

6.1.7.1 Thermometers, as specified in annex A.

6.1.7.2 The appropriate thermometer shall be suspended in the assembly as shown in

Figure 5 so that the bottom of the bulb is level with the bottom of the rings and within 13 mm
of the rings, but not touching the rings or the ring holder.
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Other temperature measuring devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers.
However, the mercury stem thermometer is the reference device and any alternative device
employed shall be calibrated so as to provide the same readings as a mercury stem
thermometer, recognizing and allowing for changed thermal response times compared with
the mercury thermometer.

NOTE: For the method described, in which increasing temperatures are read during the test procedure,
documented corrections should be determined in advance and applied to the observed readings.

6.1.8 Stirrer, propeller stirrer which operates smoothly or a magnetic stirrer/hot plate with a
suitably coated stirring bar of length approximately 40 mm and diameter 8 mm to ensure
uniform heat distribution throughout the bath. The stirrer shall be placed such that it does
not disturb the samples when the test is in operation. The rotation speed of the stirring bar
shall be approximately 100 min-1.

NOTE: The stirrer blade of the propeller stirrer should preferably be placed at a level between the bottom plate
of the ring holder and the bottom of the beaker (see Figure 5).

WARNING If the propeller stirrer is electrically driven, ensure that it is safely earthed.

6.1.9 Semi-automatic or automatic equipment, instead of the apparatus described in

6.1.1 to 6.1.8, a semi-automatic or automatic apparatus may be used after it has been
calibrated. The results obtained shall be the same as with the manual method and shall be
within the precision of the manual method. If automatic equipment is used, it shall be
calibrated as frequently as necessary, but at least once a year. In case of dispute, the
referee method shall be the manual one with the apparatus as shown in Figure 5.

NOTE: When using automatic apparatus, it is possible for the ball to trigger the interruption of a ray of light at a
distance of 25,0 mm ± 0,4 mm below the underside of the ring, rather than the ball touching the bottom plate.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 6
EN 1427:1999

7 Preparation and preservation of laboratory samples and test samples

Take the laboratory sample in accordance with EN 58, taking all necessary safety
precautions and ensuring that the test sample is representative of the laboratory sample
from which it is taken. Prepare the test sample in accordance with EN 12594.

NOTE: For modified bitumen the quantity of sample should be adjusted to fill four rings in case the test has to
be repeated (see note to 8.6).

Heat the two brass rings, but not the pouring plate, to approximately 90 °C above the
expected softening point and place them on the pouring plate treated with the release agent
(see note to 5.3).

Pour a slight excess of the heated bituminous binder into each of the rings, and then allow
the specimens to cool in ambient air for at least 30 min. For materials that are soft at room
temperature, cool the test sample for at least 30 min at an air temperature at least 10 °C
below the expected softening point. Not more than 4 h shall elapse until completion of the
test from the time the test samples are poured.

When the test samples have cooled, cut away the excess bituminous binder cleanly with a
warmed knife or blade, so that each test sample is flush and level with the top of its ring.

8 Procedure and reporting

Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

8.1 For routine tests, select the bath liquid and thermometer appropriate for the expected
softening point, as follows.

a) For softening points between 30 °C and 80 °C, use freshly boiled distilled or deionized
water. Use a thermometer with subdivisions of 0,2 °C. The initial bath temperature shall be
5 °C ± 1 °C.

b) For softening points above 80 °C and up to 150 °C, use glycerol. Use a thermometer
with subdivisions of 0,5 °C. The initial bath temperature shall be 30 °C ± 1 °C.

For referee purposes, all softening points of 80 °C or less shall be determined in a water
bath. Softening points above 80 °C up to 150 °C shall be determined in a glycerol bath.

8.2 Assemble the apparatus with the test sample rings, ball-centring guides, and
thermometer in position, and fill the bath so that the surface of the bath liquid is
50 mm ± 3 mm above the upper edge of the rings. Using forceps, place the two steel balls
in the bath or in a separate container at 5 °C. Ensure that the balls have the same
temperature as the rest of the assembly.

8.3 Place the bath in ice water to cool to 5 °C ± 1 °C (where water is the bath liquid), or
gently heat to 30 °C ± 1 °C (where glycerol is the bath liquid) to establish the correct initial
bath temperature and maintain at this temperature for 15 min with the apparatus in place.
Take care not to contaminate the bath liquid with any material which could affect the results.

8.4 Using forceps, place a ball in each ball-centring guide.

8.5 Stir the bath liquid and heat from below so that the temperature rises at a uniform
rate of 5 °C/min (see note). Protect the bath from draughts, using shields if necessary. Do
not average the rate of temperature rise over the test period. The maximum permissible

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 7
EN 1427:1999

variation for any 1 min period after the first 3 min shall be ±0,5 °C. Over the whole range of
the measurements the temperature deviation shall be less than ±1 °C. Reject any test in
which the rate of temperature rise does not fall within these limits.

NOTE: Rigid adherence to the specified heating rate is essential to reproducibility of results. Either a gas burner
or electric heater can be used. If a gas burner is used it should be protected from draughts using shields. The
electrical heater should be the low-lag, variable output type to maintain the prescribed rate of heating.

8.6 Record for each ring and ball the temperature indicated by the thermometer at the
instant the bituminous binder surrounding the ball touches the bottom plate if the manual
method is used, or interrupts the ray of light if the semi-automatic or automatic apparatus is
used. Do not apply a correction for the emergent stem of the thermometer.

If the difference between the two temperatures exceeds 1 °C for softening points below
80 °C or exceeds 2 °C for softening points above 80 °C, repeat the test.

For modified bitumen repeat the test if:

a) the difference between the two temperatures exceeds 2 °C;

b) the ball breaks the surrounding film before touching the bottom plate (or interrupting the
ray of light) or if partial detachment of bitumen from the ball is observed.

8.7 Report the results as follows.

NOTE The softening point of a given bitumen determined in a water bath is approximately 4 °C lower than the
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

softening point of the same bitumen determined in a glycerol bath. Consequently changing from water to glycerol
for determinations above 80 °C can create a discontinuity leading to an ambiguity. For example, a bitumen
having a softening point of 78 °C determined in water can be expected to give value of 82 °C if determined in
glycerol. It is therefore highly recommended to define arbitrary protocols for tests giving results around 80 °C.
Such protocols are defined in 8.7.1 and 8.7.4. In these clauses 'softening points results' refers to the mean or
corrected mean of the two test temperatures determined according to 8.6.

8.7.1 Softening points results from 30 °C to 80 °C determined in a water bath. Report the
result obtained.

8.7.2 Softening point results above 80 °C determined in a water bath. Reject the result as
invalid and repeat the result in a glycerol bath.

8.7.3 Softening points results of 84 °C and below determined in a glycerol bath. Repeat the
determination in a water bath. If the result determined in water bath is 80 °C or lower, report
this result, otherwise report the result obtained in the glycerol bath.

8.7.4 Softening points results above 84 °C determined in a glycerol bath. Report the result
obtained.

9 Expression of results

For softening points below or equal to 80 °C, express to the nearest 0,2 °C the mean of the
temperatures recorded in 8.6 as the softening point.

For softening points above 80 °C, express to the nearest 0,5 °C the mean of the
temperatures recorded in 8.6 as the softening point.

NOTE: It should be noted that the results obtained using this standard are up to 1,5 °C lower than those
obtained using a comparable method that does not use a stirrer such as ASTM D 36.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 8
EN 1427:1999

10 Precision

10.1 Repeatability

The difference between two test results obtained by the same operator with the same
apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long
run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values given in
Table 1 in only one case in twenty.

10.2 Reproducibility

The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators
working in different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the
normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values given in Table 1 in only
one case in twenty.

Table 1 - Precision

Bath liquid Type of bitumen Repeatability Reproducibility

r R
(°C) (°C)
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Water Unmodified 1 2

Water Modified 1,5 3,5

Glycerol Oxidized 1,5 5,5

NOTE: These precision data estimates for unmodified and modified bitumens were the outcome of round robin
programmes conducted by CEN Working Groups. Those for oxidized bitumens were the outcome of a round
robin test conducted by the UK's Institute of Petroleum, and were adopted by CEN/TC 19/SC 1 WG 1. Specific
precision data are not available for unmodified and modified bitumens with softening points greater than 80 °C,
or for oxidized bitumens with softening points below 80 °C. It would be impracticable to carry out round robins on
such materials as they are rarely encountered. For any such materials, the precision values relevant to the bath
medium employed should be used as a guide.

11 Test report

The test report shall contain at least the following information:

a) the type and complete identification of the sample under test;

b) a reference to this European Standard;
c) a reference to the type of apparatus used;
d) the bath liquid used;
e) the result of the test (see clause 9);
f) any deviation, by agreement or otherwise, from the procedure specified;
g) the date of the test.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 9
EN 1427:1999

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure 1 - Ring
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Figure 2 - Pouring plate

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 10
EN 1427:1999

Dimensions in millimetres
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Figure 3 - Ball-centring guide

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 11
EN 1427:1999

Dimensions in millimetres
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Figure 4 - Ring holder

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 12
EN 1427:1999

Dimensions in millimetres
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Figure 5 - Two rings assembly

Figure 6 - Bottom plate

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

 Page 13
EN 1427:1999

Annex A (normative)

Characteristics of thermometers

Characteristic Softening point £ 80 °C Softening point > 80 °C

Temperature range °C −2 to +80 30 to 200

Scale marks
Subdivisions °C 0,2 0,5
Long lines at each °C 1 1
Numbers at each °C 2 5
Max. scale error °C 0,2 0,3
Immersion total total
Expansion chamber permits
heating to °C 130 250
Total length mm 390 to 400 390 to 400
Licensed Copy: Mark Wright, Bechtel Ltd, 20 May 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Stem outside diameter mm 6,0 to 8,0 6,0 to 8,0

Bulb length mm 9 to 14 9 to 14
Bulb outside diameter mm 4,5 to 5,5 4,5 to 5,5
Scale location
Between bottom of bulb to
line at °C 0 30
Distance mm 75 to 90 75 to 90
Length of scale mm 245 to 280 245 to 280

NOTE 1: The thermometer ASTM 15C/IP 60C has been found suitable for softening points less or equal to
80 °C, and the thermometer ASTM 16C/IP 61C has been found suitable for softening points higher than 80 °C.

NOTE 2: Thermocouple thermometers can be used provided that they are calibrated regularly.

© Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001

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