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Introduction T ank 9
T ank 10
18 0 00
14 0 00
method for aquaculture systems due to minimal
Concentration (uM)
12 0 00
Concentration (uM)
environmental impact from no discharge of nutrient rich 400
8 0 00
Average Shrimp Mass
200
of disease is also limited due to the closed system. In order 6 0 00
2 0 00 20
suspended in particles referred to as the biofloc are used. 0
18
The biofloc can also contribute to the nutrition of the 0 5 / 0 5 /0 9 0 5 / 2 6 /0 9 0 6 / 1 6 /0 9 0 7 /0 7 / 0 9 0 7 /2 8 / 0 9 0 8 /1 8 / 0 9 09/08/09 0 9 / 2 9 /0 9 05 /0 5 /0 9 05 /2 6 /0 9 0 6/ 16 /0 9 0 7/ 07 /0 9 0 7/ 28 /0 9 0 8 /1 8/ 09 0 9 /0 8/ 09 0 9 /2 9/ 09
16
shrimp. One of the more important functions of the biofloc
260.95
60
Ta n k 9
Ta n k 1 0 6 00
T an k 1 0
T an k 1 1
6 Tank 10 77%
>NO2->NO3). Ta n k 1 1
T an k 1 2
Concentration (uM)
Concentration (uM)
tanks (9, 12) containing bioballs and two control tanks (10,
40
4 00 2 44% 25.1
161.55
Tank 12
11). The bioballs are intended to provide a physical surface
30
3 00
0
20
area for the microbes to attach and grow. This should allow 2 00
5/5/2009 5/26/2009 6/16/2009 7/7/2009 7/28/2009 8/18/2009 9/8/2009 9/29/2009
10
the establishment of a microbial population that will 1 00
Date
increase rates of nutrient cycling, particularly nitrification to 0
0
commence quicker, instead of having to wait on suitable 0 5/ 0 5 /0 9 0 5/ 2 6 /0 9 0 6/ 1 6 /0 9 0 7/ 0 7 /0 9 0 7/ 2 8 /0 9 0 8 /1 8 /0 9 0 9 /0 8 /0 9 0 9 /2 9 /0 9 0 5/ 0 5/ 0 9 0 5 /2 6 /0 9 0 6 /1 6 /0 9 07 / 07 / 09 0 7/ 2 8/ 0 9 0 8 /1 8 /0 9 0 9 /0 8 /0 9 09 / 29 / 09
D a te D a te
substrate to accumulate in the raceways
D is so lv e d O r g a n ic C a r b o n ( D O C ) T o ta l D isso lve d N itro g e n ( T D N )
Discussion
Materials and Methods 80 0 0 1 80 0 0
The carbon pool is dominated by POC which is up to 23 times higher
Ta n k 9 1 60 0 0 T a nk 9
than the DOC fraction. Within the nitrogen pool, concentrations of the
This study was conducted over a 18 week growout period 70 0 0 Ta n k 1 0
Ta n k 1 1 1 40 0 0
T a nk 10
T a nk 11 dissolved fraction was equal or slightly above those of the particulate
Ta n k 1 2 k T a nk 12
in four concrete raceways measuring 30.1m x 3.2m X 1.22m. 60 0 0
1 20 0 0 fraction and NO3 was the dominate dissolved nitrogen species. The
Concentration (uM)
Concentration (uM)
Each week water samples were collected for analysis of 50 0 0
1 00 0 0
particulate C:N ratios suggests that heterotrophic plankton make up the
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen 40 0 0
80 0 0
majority of particulate organic matter which could also help explain why
60 0 0
(TDN), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and 40 0 0
the particulate fraction of carbon was higher than the dissolved. The thick
30 0 0
PON), ammonium (NH4), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), soluble 20 0 0 microbial mats on the top of the tanks may also account for the particulate
20 0 0
reactive phosphorous (SRP) and bacterial abundance (BA). 0 carbon fraction dominating over the dissolved.
A repeated measures ANOVA was used on all parameters to 10 0 0
0 5/ 05 /0 9 0 5 /2 6 /0 9 0 6/ 16 /0 9 0 7 /0 7 /0 9 0 7/ 28 /0 9 0 8 /1 8 /0 9 0 9/ 08 /0 9 0 9 /2 9/ 0 9 0 5/ 05 /0 9 0 5/2 6 /0 9 06 /1 6 /09 07 /0 7/ 09 0 7 /2 8/ 09 0 8 /18 /0 9 0 9/ 08 /0 9 0 9/ 29 /0 9 The uptake of NH4 and NO2 followed by an increase in NO3
determine if the addition of bioballs proved significant or not. D a te D a te
concentrations suggest that nitrification was taking place in all the tanks,
however the establishment of a nitrifying population took 3 to 4 weeks
P a r tic u la te O r g a n ic C a r b o n ( P O C ) P a r tic u la te O r g a n ic N itr o g e n ( P O N ) while the total bacterial abundance remained fairly constant. During this
Results 1 e+ 5 1 80 0 0
period NO2 reached high and potentially lethal concentrations.
The shrimp grew at similar rates in all tanks including those with large
Tank 9 1 60 0 0 T an k 9
DOC fluctuated from week to week and ranged from 1807 Tank 10 T an k 1 0
8 e+ 4 Tank 11 1 40 0 0 T an k 1 1 proportions of mortalities. This suggests that individual shrimp health was
to 7165 µM. TDN increased over time in all but one tank (# 9) Tank 12 T an k 1 2
1 20 0 0
not compromised until sudden die-offs were observed. At this time, the
Concentration (uM)
Concentration (uM)
6 e+ 4
and ranged from 2310 to 16912 µM. POC and PON 1 00 0 0
cause of these large mortalities are unclear.
concentrations varied through the study period ranging from 4 e+ 4 80 00
The bioballs are designed to provide a physical surface area for the
2309 to 83007 µM and 476 to 15921 µM, respectively. The C:N 2 e+ 4
60 00
4e +7
throughout the growout in all tanks (0.91 to 18.5 g). The
impact of the bioballs proved to not be significant with p- 3e +7
Acknowledgements
values over 0.05 for all parameters with the exception of NO 2 2e +7
and SRP. NO2 and SRP data failed to meet the normal 1e +7 Funding was provided by the USDA US Marine Shrimp
distribution assumption of an ANOVA. 0
Farming Program
05 /0 5/0 9 0 5/ 26 /09 0 6/1 6/ 09 07 /0 7/0 9 0 7/ 28 /09 0 8/1 8/ 09 09 /0 8/0 9 0 9/ 29 /09
D a te
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