DRUG STUDY

BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism

GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration
bacillus Calmette-Guérin, 50 mg (reconstitute Intravesical TICE® BCG  Intradermal
Tice strain
TICE BCG and has been used as a (ID) injection administe
dilute with 50 ml therapy for, and rs the vaccine in the
Bacillus prophylaxis against, topmost layer of the
preservative-
recurrent tumors in skin. BCG is the
Calmette-Guérin free normal saline to patients with carcinoma only vaccine with
50 ml or less) for 1 to in situ (CIS) of the this route of
Tb vaccine 2 hr urinary bladder, and to administration.
every 6 wk; may prevent recurrence of Intradermal injection of
50mg per vial; pwd repeat once, Stage TaT1 papillary BCG vaccine reduces
for intravesical followed by single-
tumors of the bladder at the risk of neurovascular
administration after high risk of recurrence. injury.
dose treatment The precise mechanism
reconstitution and every mo for 6 to 12 of action is unknown.
dilution; mo
preservative-free. TICE BCG: Instill one BCG VACCINE for
percutaneous use, is an
dose into blatter; retain attenuated, live culture
for 2 hr; repeat dose preparation of
once weekly for 6 weeks the Bacillus of
(may repeat cycle once) Calmette and Guerin
followed by once (BCG) strain of
monthly for 6-12 Mycobacterium bovis. 1
The TICE® strain used
months.
in this BCG VACCINE
preparation was
developed at the
University of Illinois from
a strain originated at the
Pasteur Institute

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

vitamin K1 Recommended daily

(phytonadione) intake hasn’t been
AquaMEPHYTON, established for
Mephyton vitamin K1. However,
adequate intake is
suggested as follows:
Adult men age 19
and over. 120
mcg/day.
Adult women age 19
and over, pregnant
and breastfeeding
women. 90 mcg/day.
Adolescents ages 14
to 19. 75 mcg/day.
Children ages 9 to
14. 60 mcg/day.
Children ages 4 to
9. 55 mcg/day.
Children ages 1 to
4. 30 mcg/day.
Infants ages 7 to 12
months. 2.5
mcg/day.
Neonates and
infants to age 7
months. 2 mcg/day.

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

magnesium sulfate
(contains 100 to 500 mg
elmenteal magnesium
per 1 ml of injection, 1 to 5 g
elemental magnesium per 10
ml of
injection, and 40 mEq per 5
mg of
crystals)
Adverse Reactions Mechanism of Action For magnesium sulfate: Heart patient teaching Nursing Considerations
CNS: Confusion, decreased Assists all enzymes involved in block, MI, • Advise patient to chew • Be aware that magnesium
reflexes, phosphate preeclampsia 2 hours or less magnesium chewable sulfate is the
before delivery
dizziness, syncope transfer reactions that use tablets thoroughly before elemental form of magnesium.
adenosine (I.V. form) Oral
CV: Arrhythmias, hypotension swallowing, and
GI: Flatulence, vomiting triphosphate (ATP). Magnesium then drink a full glass of water. preparations aren’t all
is required equivalent.
MS: Muscle cramps Mention that
for normal function of the ATP- • Be aware that drug isn’t
RESP: Dyspnea, respiratory tablets have a chalky taste.
dependent • Instruct patient to take metabolized. Drug
depression or
sodium-potassium pump in magnesiumcontaining remaining in the GI tract
paralysis
SKIN: Diaphoresis muscle antacid between meals and at produces watery
Other: Allergic reaction, membranes. It may effectively bedtime. Urge him not to take stool within 30 minutes to 3
hypermagnesemia, treat digitalis other drugs hours.
injection-site pain or irritation glycoside–induced arrhythmias within 2 hours of the antacid. • Make sure patient chews
(I.M. form), because • Tell patient to notify prescriber chewable tablets
laxative dependence, magnesium correction of hypomagnesemia and avoid thoroughly before swallowing.
toxicity improves using magnesium-containing • Avoid giving other oral drugs
the sodium-potassium pump’s laxative if he within 2
ability to has abdominal pain, nausea, or hours of magnesium-containing
distribute potassium into vomiting. antacid.
intracellular • Instruct patient to refrigerate • Before giving drug as laxative,
spaces and because magnesium magnesium shake oral
decreases calcium uptake and citrate solution. solution, liquid, or liquid
potassium outflow • Caution patient about risk of concentrate well
through myocardial cell dependence and give with a large amount of
membranes with long-term laxative use. water.
• Teach patient to prevent
As an anticonvulsant, constipation by magnesium sulfate may cause
magnesium increasing dietary fiber and fluid fetal
depresses the CNS and blocks intake abnormalities if administered for
peripheral and exercising regularly. more
neuromuscular impulse • Inform patient that magnesium than 5 to 7 days to pregnant
transmission by supplements used to replace women.
decreasing available electrolytes When magnesium sulfate is
acetylcholine. can cause diarrhea. administered
by continuous IV infusion
(especially for
more than 24 hours preceding
delivery) to
control convulsions in a toxemic
woman,
 monitor newborn for signs of
magnesium
toxicity, such as neuromuscular
or
respiratory depression.

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

calcium gluconate ➤➤To prevent hypocalcemia Mechanism of Action Adverse Reactions Nursing Considerations
capsules, oral suspension, tablets Increases levels of intracellular CNS: Paresthesia (parenteral • Store at room temperature, and
(calcium and Incompatibilities Contraindications form) protect
carbonate); effervescent tablets, extracellular calcium, which is To avoid precipitation, don’t Hypercalcemia, hypersensitivity CV: Hypotension, irregular from heat, moisture, and direct
tablets needed to give I.V. to calcium heartbeat light.
(calcium citrate); syrup (calcium maintain homeostasis, especially calcium chloride, gluceptate, or salts or their components, (parenteral form) Don’t freeze.
glubionate);
in the gluconate hypophosphatemia, renal calculi GI: Nausea or vomiting • Warm solution to room
nervous and musculoskeletal through same I.V. line as (parenteral form) temperature
tablets (calcium gluconate or lactate)
systems. Also bicarbonates, patient teaching SKIN: Diaphoresis, flushing, or before parenteral administration.
Adults and children over age
plays a role in normal cardiac carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, • Instruct patient to avoid sensation of • Keep patient in a recumbent
10. 800 to and renal or taking calcium warmth (parenteral form) position for
1,200 mg daily.
function, respiration, tartrates. within 2 hours of another oral Other: Hypercalcemia; injection 30 minutes after parenteral
Pregnant and breastfeeding coagulation, and cell drug site administration
women.
membrane and capillary because of risk of interactions. burning, pain, rash, or redness to prevent dizziness from
1,200 mg daily. permeability. Helps • Urge patient to ask prescriber (parenteral hypotension.
Children ages 4 to 10. 800 mg
regulate the release and storage before form) • Administer I.V. calcium
daily. of taking OTC drugs because of through an
Children up to age 4. 400 to
neurotransmitters and hormones. risk of infusing I.V. solution using a
800 mg daily. Oral interactions. small-bore
forms also neutralize or buffer • Tell patient to avoid excessive needle inserted into a large vein
i.v. injection (calcium gluconate)
stomach acid use of to
Adults. 970 mg given slowly, to relieve discomfort caused by minimize irritation. Give
repeated if tobacco and excessive
hyperacidity. consumption of calcium slowly
needed, until tetany is controlled. to prevent excess calcium from
Children. 200 to 500 mg as a alcoholic beverages, caffeine-
containing reaching
single dose the heart and causing adverse
given slowly, repeated if needed, products, and high-fiber foods
because cardiovascular reactions.
until Adverse
tetany is controlled. these substances may decrease
calcium reactions often result from too-
absorption. rapid
administration. If ECG tracings
are
abnormal or patient reports
injection site
discomfort, expect to
temporarily
discontinue administration.
• Check regularly for infiltration
because
calcium causes necrosis. If
infiltration
 occurs, stop infusion and tell
prescriber
immediately.
• Divide I.M. calcium gluceptate
dose of
5 ml or more in half and inject in
gluteal
region.
• Regularly monitor serum
calcium level
and evaluate therapeutic
response by
assessing for Chvostek’s and
Trousseau’s
signs, which shouldn’t appear.
• Be aware that calcium chloride
injection
contains three times as much
calcium per
milliliter as calcium gluconate
injection.

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

oxytetracycline Mechanism of Action Contraindications

Terramycin I.M. Binds with ribosomal subunits of Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines
susceptible bacteria and alters or their
cytoplasmic components
membrane, inhibiting bacterial
protein
synthesis and rendering the
organism
ineffective.

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

 DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration
Class and Category Mechanism of Action patient teaching Contraindications Adverse Reactions Nursing Considerations
lidocaine • Inform patient who receives
Chemical class: Combines with fast sodium Adams-Stokes syndrome; CNS: Anxiety, confusion, • Observe for respiratory
hydrochloride Aminoacetamide channels in lidocaine as hypersensitivity difficulty depression after
(lignocaine Therapeutic class: Class IB myocardial cell membranes, an anesthetic that she’ll feel to lidocaine, amide anesthetics, speaking, dizziness, bolus injection and during I.V.
antiarrhythmic, which inhibits numbness. or their hallucinations, lethargy, infusion of
hydrochloride)
local anesthetic sodium influx into cells and • Advise patient to report components; severe heart block paresthesia, seizures lidocaine.
Alphacaine (can), Anestacon, difficulty
DermaFlex, Dilocaine, L- Pregnancy category: B decreases (without CV: Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, • Keep life-support equipment
ventricular depolarization, speaking, dizziness, injection- artificial pacemaker); hypotension, and vasopressors
Caine, site pain,
Indications and Dosages automaticity, new or worsening arrhythmias nearby during I.V. use in case of
Lidoderm, Xylocaine, nausea, numbness or tingling,
Xylocard ➤➤To treat ventricular and excitability during diastole. continuation EENT: Blurred vision, diplopia, respiratory depression or other
tachycardia or Lidocaine and vision tinnitus reactions.
(can), Zingo also blocks nerve impulses by changes. GI: Nausea • Carefully check prefilled
ventricular fibrillation hypersensitivity reactions
decreasing • Caution patient to keep that can be as HEME: Methemoglobinemia syringes before
Children. Loading: 1 mg/kg. i.v. infusion and injection
the permeability of neuronal lidocaine topical severe as anaphylaxis following MS: Muscle weakness, myalgia using. Use only syringes labeled
Maintenance: Adults. Loading: 50 to 100 mg preparations and patches out of
(or 1 to membranes lidocaine RESP: Respiratory arrest or “for
30 mcg/kg/min by continuous to sodium, which produces local reach of depression cardiac arrhythmias” for I.V.
1.5 mg/kg), given at 25 to 50 administration. If anaphylaxis
infusion. anesthesia. children and pets. Other: Anaphylaxis, other less administration.
mg/min. If occurs,
Maximum: 3 mg/kg. • Tell patient to wash hands severe • As ordered, titrate I.V. dose to
desired response isn’t achieved discontinue drug, notify
thoroughly after prescriber, and hypersensitivity reactions; minimum
after 5 to 10 min, second dose of handling lidocaine topical forms
25 to 50 mg provide supportive care. injection-site amount needed to prevent
• Warn patient prescribed a or patch • Check blood drug level, as burning, irritation, petechiae, arrhythmias.
(or 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg) given and to avoid getting drug in
every 5 to lidocaine patch ordered. redness, stinging, • During I.V. administration,
not to place external heat eyes. Therapeutic level is 2 to 5 swelling, and tenderness; place patient
10 min until maximum loading • If patient uses patches, tell her
dose sources, such as mcg/ml. worsened pain on cardiac monitor, as ordered,
a heating pad or electric blanket, to store • If signs of toxicity, such as and
(300 mg in 1 hr) has been given. them in their sealed envelopes
Maintenance: 20 to 50 mcg/kg/ on it dizziness, occur, closely observe her at all times.
while wearing it, because heat until notify prescriber and expect to Monitor
min (1 to needed and to apply immediately
4 mg/min) by continuous may cause discontinue or slow infusion. for worsening arrhythmias,
the drug to be absorbed faster after • Give I.M. injection in deltoid widening QRS
infusion. removing from the envelope.
Smaller bolus dose repeated 15 increasing muscle complex, and prolonged PR
the risk of adverse effects. Tell patient only. interval—
to 20 min to remove patch if irritation or
after start of infusion if needed • Apply lidocaine jelly or possible signs of drug toxicity.
burning ointment to gauze Although
to occurs at the site and not to
maintain therapeutic blood level. or bandage before applying to infrequent, also monitor her for
reapply until skin.
Maximum: 300 mg (or 3 mg/kg) irritation is gone.
over 1 hr. • Monitor vital signs as well as
• Tell patient to fold used BUN and
patches so that the serum creatinine and electrolyte
adhesive side sticks to itself and levels
discard during and after therapy.
where children or pets cannot get
to them.
NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration
NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA

DRUG STUDY
BRAND NAME Prescribed and Mechanism
GENERIC NAME Recommended Of
CLASSIFICATION dosage, frequency, Action Indication Contraindication Adverse Reaction Nursing
route of Responsibilities
administration
 dexamethasone 1 or 2 gtt of suspension or solution Mechanism of Action To treat allergic conjunctivitis; Contraindications Adverse Reactions Nursing Considerations
Maxidex or 1.25 to 2.5 cm of ointment Binds to intracellular corneal injury from Administration of live-virus CNS: Depression, emotional • Use dexamethasone cautiously
dexamethasone sodium in conjunctival sac from every hr glucocorticoid chemical or thermal burns or vaccine to lability, in patients
phosphate (in severe disease) to 6 times/day; from penetration of foreign
AK-Dex, Boldex, R.O. or ointment may be applied three
receptors and suppresses bodies; inflam- matory conditions
patient or family member, euphoria, fever, headache, with congestive heart failure,
Dexasone (CAN) times a day or four times a day inflammatory and of the anterior segment hypersensitivity increased ICP hypertension,
then tapered to twice daily, and immune responses by: of globe, conjunctiva, cornea, to dexamethasone or its with papilledema, insomnia, or renal insufficiency because
then daily. • inhibiting neutrophil and or eyelids; iridocyclitis; suppression components lightheadedness, drug can
monocyte accuA� of graft rejection (including sulfites), idiopathic malaise, neuritis, neuropathy, cause sodium retention, which
Class and Category mulation at inflammation site after keratoplasty; and uveitis thrombocytopenic paresthesia, psychosis, seizures, may lead to
Chemical class: Synthetic and supA� purpura (I.M. administration), syncope, edema and hypokalemia.
adrenocortical pressing phagocytic and A�systemic fungal infections tiredness, vertigo, weakness • Also use cautiously in patients
steroid bactericidal action CV: Arrhythmias, bradycardia, who have
Therapeutic class: Anti- • stabilizing lysosomal edema, fat had intestinal sugery and in those
inflammatory, membranes embolism, heart failure, with
diagnostic aid, • suppressing antigen response hypercholesterolemia, peptic ulcer, diverticulitis, or
immunosuppressant of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ulcerative
Pregnancy category: C macrophages and helper T cells A�myocardial rupture, colitis because of the risk of
• inhibiting synthesis of tachycardia, thromboembolism, perforation.
inflammatory thrombophlebitis, vasculitis • Give once-daily dose of
response mediators, such as EENT: Cataracts, glaucoma, dexamethasone in
cytokines, vision changes the morning to coincide with the
interleukins, and prostaglandins. (all forms); epistaxis, loss of body’s
smell and taste, natural cortisol secretion.
nasal burning and dryness, oral • Give oral drug with food to
candidiasis, decrease GI
distress. Be aware that dosage
patient teaching forms with a concenA�
• Instruct patient not to store tration of 24 mg/ml are for I.V.
drug in damp use only.
or hot places and to protect • Shake I.M. solution before
liquid form injecting deep
from freezing. into large muscle mass.
• Instruct patient to take once- warning Avoid subcutaneous
daily oral injection; it
dose in the morning with food to may cause atrophy and sterile
help abscess.
prevent GI distress. • Inject undiluted I.V. dose
directly into I.V.
• Caution against consuming tubing of infusing compatible
alcohol solution
during dexamethasone therapy over 30 seconds or less, as
because prescribed.
it increases the risk of GI warning Don’t give acetate form
bleeding. by I.V.
• Advise patient to follow a low- injection.
sodium, • Shake nasal aerosol container
high-potassium, high-protein well, and
diet, if hold it upright about 6″ (15 cm)
prescribed, to help minimize from area
weight gain, being treated. Keep spray out of
which is common with patient’s
dexamethasone eyes, and advise her not to inhale
therapy. Instruct her to inform
prescriber
if she’s on a special diet.
• Instruct patient not to stop drug
abruptly.
• Advise patient to notify
prescriber if
condition recurs or worsens after
dosage is
reduced or therapy stops.
• Urge patient to have regular
eye examA�
inations during long-term use.
• Advise patient on long-term
therapy to
carry medical identification and
to notify
all healthcare providers that she
takes
dexamethasone.
• Instruct patient (especially a
child) to
avoid close contact with anyone
who
has chickenpox or measles and
to notify
prescriber immediately if
exposure
occurs.
• Advise patient and family
members to
avoid live-virus vaccinations
during
therapy unless prescriber
approves.
• Inform diabetic patient that
drug may
affect her blood glucose level.
• If drug is injected into a joint,
instruct
patient to avoid putting
excessive pressure
on it and to notify prescriber if it
becomes
red or swollen.
• Tell patient to notify prescriber
about
anorexia, depression, light-
headedness,
malaise, muscle pain, nausea,
vomiting,
and early hyperadrenocorticism
it.
• Expect to taper drug rather than
stopping
it abruptly; prolonged use can
cause
adrenal suppression.
• Monitor fluid intake and output
and daily
weight, and watch for crackles,
dyspnea,
peripheral edema, and steady
weight gain.
• Evaluate growth if patient is a
child.
• Test stool for occult blood.
• Monitor results of hematology
studies and
blood glucose, serum electrolyte,
cholesA�
terol, and lipid levels.
Dexamethasone
may cause hyperglycemia,
hypernatremia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, or
leukopenia. It also may increase
serum cholesterol and lipid
levels, and
it may decrease iodine uptake by
the
thyroid.
• Assess patient for evidence of
osteoA�
porosis, Cushing’s syndrome,
and
other systemic effects during
long-term
use.
• Monitor neonate for signs of
hypoadrenoA�
corticism if mother received
dexamethasone during
pregnancy. Be
aware that some preparations
contain
benzyl alcohol, which may cause
a fatal
toxic syndrome in neonates and
immature
infants.
• Watch for hypersensitivity
reactions after
giving acetate or sodium
 (abdominal distention, phosphate form;
amenorrhea, easy both may contain bisulfites or
bruising, extreme weakness, parabens, to
facial hair, which some people are allergic.
increased appetite, moon face,
weight
gain). Tell patient and family
about
possible changes in appearance.
• Urge patient to notify
prescriber
about illness, surgery, or changes
in
stress level.

NAME OF STUDENT: AUBREY DYNISE C. TORRALBA