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FF T F TH TY F RS NALITY A, B, , D N H ALTH CONDITION

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Abstract
In this th r ti al study, th n t f th influ n f rs nality ty s n th m ntal,
sy h l gi al and hysi al condition f a rs n is r s nt d. Th uliarity f b havi ral att rns, th
diff r nt f rms f r a ti ns t th influ n f th nvir nm nt, th m ti nal manif stati ns
hara t risti for a h ty f rs nality d t rmin th str ss r sistan f a rs n. Th ty f
rs nality is s n as n f th risk fa t rs that an lay a d isiv r l in human h alth. In th r w rds,
it an b assum d that rtain rs nality traits ar signifi ant r r quisit s f r s mati r sy h s mati
dis as s. Th arti l r s nts f ur ty s f rs nality and a m d l f th ir influ n n human h alth.
K y-w rds: h alth, att rns f b havi r, str ss, ty f rs nality.
Rezumat
În acest studiu teoretic este prezentat influen a tipurilor de personalitate asupra st rii mentale,
psihologice i fizice a persoanei. Particularitatea tiparelor comportamentale, diferitele forme de reac ii
la influen a mediului, manifest rile emo ionale caracteristice fiec rui tip de personalitate determin
rezisten a la stres a persoanei. Tipul de personalitate este considerat unul dintre factorii de risc care pot
juca un rol decisiv în s n tatea uman . Cu alte cuvinte, se poate presupune c anumite tr s turi de
personalitate sunt premise importante pentru bolile somatice sau psihosomatice. Articolul prezint patru
tipuri de personalitate i modelul de influen asupra s n t ii umane.
Cuvinte-cheie: s n tate, modele de comportament, stres, tip de personalitate
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Balan Ecaterina
DESPRE SOCIOLOGIA BOLII I A S N T II
ABOUT ILLNESS AND HEALTH SOCIOLOGY
Rezumat
Dezvoltarea tehnic , economic i social din ultimele decenii a contribuit in mod esen ial la
asigurarea confortului i bun st rii oamenilor, la u urarea muncii i a condi iilor de existenta ale
acestora, fapt ce s-a reflectat pozitiv asupra dezvolt rii bio-psiho-sociale a indivizilor i colectivit ilor
umane. Civiliza ia modern a creat condi ii pentru apari ia unor noi provoc ri la adresa st rii de s n tate
a oamenilor, a numero i factori de risc pentru via a acestora.
Cuvinte-cheie: sociologia s n t ții i a bolii, rol social, rol de bolnav
Abstract
Technical, economical and social development of the last decades have essentially contributed
to the assurance of people`s comfort and well-being. These have also made people`s work and life
conditions easier. It has a positive impact on bio-psycho-social development both of human beings and
human collectives. Modern civilization has created conditions for the appearance of new challenges
concerning people`s condition of health, of numerous risk factors for their life.
Key-words: health and illness sociology, social role, diseased role
Sociologia bolii i a s n t ii este un domeniu al sociologiei interesat de dimensiunile
sociale ale s n t ii i ale bolii, care dezv luie trei sfere principale: conceptualizarea s n t ii i
bolii, studierea modalit ilor de m surare i a distribu iei lor sociale i explicarea modelor s n t ii
i a bolii [2].
Clasificarea conceptelor de s n tate i boal reprezint punctul de plecare al discu iei
sociologice din acest domeniu, punându-se accentul pe variabilitatea cultural a limitelor s n t ii
i bolii, pe natura complex a acestor concepte i pe caracterul lor evaluativ. Defini ie a s n t ii
este cea data de Organiza ia Mondiala a S n t ii (1948) – „S n tatea reprezint starea completa de
bine din punct de vedere fizic, mintal i social. Ea nu înseamn numai absenta bolii sau a
infirmit ii”.
S n tatea este o stare a organismului in care capacit ile individuale, necesare îndeplinirii
sarcinilor i rolurilor sociale, se afla la un nivel optim. Omul în decursul vie ii sale joaca anumite
roluri. Func ionarea societ ii depinde in mod exclusiv de modul in care membrii ei î i îndeplinesc
rolurile, astfel ca s n tatea individului trebuie privit în ambian cu mediul de via , de convie uire,
de munc , de viat , cu mediul economic, social i spiritual in care tr ie te omul.[5]
S n tatea poate fi definit i ca o posibilitate de adaptare la un mediu ambiant complex;
boala apare astfel, prin opozi ie, ca o imposibilitate de adaptare la multitudinea de condi ii
ambientale: din punct de vedere social va fi deci o inadaptabilitate la mediul social, s n tatea fiind
i expresia st rii de bine din punct de vedere social.
Definirea bolii ca ,,via a îngr dita in libertate” scoate in eviden atât aspectele biologice
cât i sociale importante, cum ar fi func ia i pozi ia specific a omului la locul de munc sau în
familie in cadrul microgrupurilor sociale profesionale i neprofesionale, al diferitelor organiza ii i
institu ii sociale, culturale etc.
Boala se refer la o stare corporal sau mental considerat indezirabil , justificând astfel
o interven ie în scopul amelior rii sau vindec rii – pozi ie analizat pe deplin de c tre Talcott
Parsons într-o bine cunoscut prezentare a bolii ca rol social, în care procesele de reglementare
social i control social au o mare importan [2].
62

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